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  • 11
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    Performance of the ocean broadband downhole seismometer at Site 794 (1992)
    Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Eds.: K. Tamaki, J.C. Ingle Jr, et al.
    In:  Proc., Scientific Results, Ocean Drilling Program, Legs 127/128, Japan Sea, Hamburg, Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Eds.: K. Tamaki, J.C. Ingle Jr, et al. , vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 57, pp. 1157-1171, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Instruments ; Seismology ; OBS ; Broad-band
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 12
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    Featureless spectra on the Moon as evidence of residual lunar primordial crust (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-26
    Description: We report the global distribution of areas exhibiting no absorption features (featureless or FL) on the lunar surface, based on the reflectance spectral data set obtained by the Spectral Profiler onboard Kaguya/SELENE. We found that FL sites are located in impact basins and large impact craters in the Feldspathic Highlands Terrane (FHT), while there are no FL sites in the Procellarum regions nor the South Pole–Aitken basin. FL sites in each impact basin/crater are mainly found at the peak rings or rims, where the purest anorthosite (PAN) sites are also found. At the local scale, most of the FL and PAN points are associated with impact craters and peaks. Most of the FL spectra show a steeper (redder) continuum than the PAN spectra, suggesting the occurrence of space weathering effects. We propose that most of the material exhibiting a FL spectrum originate from space weathered PAN. Taking into account all the occurrence trends of FL sites on the Moon, we propose that both the FL and PAN materials were excavated from the primordial lunar crust during ancient basin formations below the megaregolith in the highlands. Since the FL and PAN sites are widely distributed over the lunar surface, our new data may support the existence of a massive PAN layer below the lunar surface.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 13
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    An ABC transporter involved in the control of streptomycin production in Streptomyces griseus (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: We screened for a gene that inhibits streptomycin production in Streptomyces griseus when it is introduced on a high-copy-number plasmid pIJ702, and obtained a plasmid pKM545. The introduction of pKM545 abolished streptomycin production on all media tested including YMP-sugar and Nutrient broth. S1 protection analysis demonstrated that the introduction of this plasmid downregulated the transcriptional activity of the promoter preceding strR , the pathway-specific transcriptional regulator for streptomycin biosynthesis. The 2.8-kb Bam HI fragment cloned onto pKM545 contained two coding sequences SGR_5442 and 5443. These coding sequences and the two downstream ones (SGR_5444 and 5445) constituted a possible operon structure designated to be rspABCD (regulation of streptomycin production). RspB and RspC exhibited a marked similarity with an ATP-binding domain and a membrane-associating domain of an ABC-2 type transporter, respectively, suggesting that the Rsp proteins comprise a membrane exporter. The gene cluster consisting of the rsp operon and the upstream divergent small coding sequence (SGR_5441) was widely distributed to Streptomyces genome. An rspB mutant of S. griseus produced 3-fold streptomycin of the parental strain in YMP liquid medium. The evidence implies that the Rsp translocator is involved in the export of a substance that specifies the expression level of streptomycin biosynthesis genes in S. griseus .
    Keywords: Physiology & Biochemistry
    Print ISSN: 0378-1097
    Electronic ISSN: 1574-6968
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 14
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    Predictability study on the aftershock sequence following the 2011 Tohoku-Oki, Japan, earthquake: first results (2012)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2012-08-30
    Description: SUMMARY Although no deterministic and reliable earthquake precursor is known to date, we are steadily gaining insight into probabilistic forecasting that draws on space–time characteristics of earthquake clustering. Clustering-based models aiming to forecast earthquakes within the next 24 hours are under test in the global project ‘Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability’ (CSEP). The 2011 March 11 magnitude 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in Japan provides a unique opportunity to test the existing 1-day CSEP models against its unprecedentedly active aftershock sequence. The original CSEP experiment performs tests after the catalogue is finalized to avoid bias due to poor data quality. However, this study differs from this tradition and uses the preliminary catalogue revised and updated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), which is often incomplete but is immediately available. This study is intended as a first step towards operability-oriented earthquake forecasting in Japan. Encouragingly, at least one model passed the test in most combinations of the target day and the testing method, although the models could not take account of the megaquake in advance and the catalogue used for forecast generation was incomplete. However, it can also be seen that all models have only limited forecasting power for the period immediately after the quake. Our conclusion does not change when the preliminary JMA catalogue is replaced by the finalized one, implying that the models perform stably over the catalogue replacement and are applicable to operational earthquake forecasting. However, we emphasize the need of further research on model improvement to assure the reliability of forecasts for the days immediately after the main quake. Seismicity is expected to remain high in all parts of Japan over the coming years. Our results present a way to answer the urgent need to promote research on time-dependent earthquake predictability to prepare for subsequent large earthquakes in the near future in Japan.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 15
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    Application of particle method to the casting process simulation (2012)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2012-07-04
    Description: Casting processes involve many significant phenomena such as fluid flow, solidification, and deformation, and it is known that casting defects are strongly influenced by the phenomena. However the phenomena complexly interacts each other and it is difficult to observe them directly because the temperature of the melt and other apparatus components are quite high, and they are generally opaque; therefore, a computer simulation is expected to serve a lot of benefits to consider what happens in the processes. Recently, a particle method, which is one of fully Lagrangian methods, has attracted considerable attention. The particle methods based on Lagrangian methods involving no calculation lattice have been developed rapidly because of their applicability to multi-physics problems. In this study, we combined the fluid flow, heat transfer and solidification simulation programs, and tried to simulate various casting processes such as continuous casting, centrifugal casting and ingot m...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 16
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    Massive layer of pure anorthosite on the Moon (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: We present a new global survey of the purest anorthosite (PAN) rock using the Spectral Profiler onboard Kaguya. We found that PAN rocks are widely distributed over the Moon, including the Feldspathic Highland Terrain and the south and north polar regions. All PAN sites are associated with huge impact structures with diameters larger than 100 km. Based on the global distributions of PAN and olivine-rich sites, we propose the existence of a massive PAN layer with a thickness of ∼50 km below an uppermost mafic-rich mixed layer with a thickness of ∼10 km. Below the PAN layer, a lower crustal layer with olivine-rich materials may be present on the nearside, but not on the far side of the Moon. The existence of a PAN layer with a thickness of ∼50 km suggests an Al2O3 abundance of 33 to 34 wt.% in the lunar crust, which is higher than previous estimates of
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 17
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    The widespread occurrence of high-calcium pyroxene in bright-ray craters on the Moon and implications for lunar-crust composition (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-09-08
    Description: We investigated the continuous spectral features of fresh craters on the Moon accompanied by distinctive bright rays, with cavity diameters between 8 and 24 km. We used the data from the Spectral Profiler onboard SELENE (Kaguya) to gain a better understanding of the composition of the lunar highland crust. We found that the observed spectra exhibited strong symmetric absorption around 1 μm and recognizable absorption around 1.3 μm. The spectra around a few craters showed a drastic change in the relative strengths of these two absorption bands s1.3/1.0 at different locations in and around the craters, indicating differences in the abundance of plagioclase and mafic minerals. In contrast, the spectra around most of the craters showed no significant variation in spectral shape, with an essentially constant s1.3/1.0. We analyzed the absorption features of the craters with an essentially constant s1.3/1.0 using the Modified Gaussian Model. We found that the strongest symmetric absorption bands were centered at 0.97–1.01 μm with s1.3/1.0 ≈ 0.2–0.6. Comparing these values with data from known samples, we concluded that high-calcium pyroxene (HCP) is the most plausible dominant mafic mineral identified from the observed spectra. The fact that we detected such HCP-dominant spectra among rayed craters widely spaced across the lunar highland implies that the major mafic component of some portions of the lunar crust is HCP rather than low-calcium pyroxene (LCP).
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 18
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    Global occurrence trend of high-Ca pyroxene on lunar highlands and its implications (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-25
    Description: We present details of the global distribution of high-Ca pyroxene (HCP)-rich sites in the lunar highlands based on the global dataset of hyper-spectral reflectance obtained by the SELENE Spectral Profiler. Most HCP-rich sites in the lunar highlands are found at fresh impact craters. In each crater, most of the detection points are distributed on the ejecta, rim, and floor of the impact craters rather than the central peaks, while the central peaks are dominated by purest anorthosite (PAN). This indicates that HCP-rich materials originate from relatively shallower regions of the lunar crust than PAN. In addition, while all ray craters with sizes larger than ~40km possess HCP-rich materials, small fresh craters with sizes less than ~6−−10km do not, indicating that the uppermost mixing layers in the lunar crust are not dominated by HCP. Based on these results, we propose that in the upper lunar crust, a HCP-rich zone overlying the PAN layer exists below the uppermost mixing layer. This HCP-rich zone may originate from interstitial melt during the formation of the flotation anorthositic cumulate, while an impact ejecta origin, impact melt origin, and/or magmatic intrusion into the upper lunar crust may also account for the occurrence of HCP-rich sites in the highlands.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 19
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    Variation of the lunar highland surface roughness at baseline 0.15–100 km and the relationship to relative age (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-12
    Description: We report the surface roughness analysis of the lunar highlands for the baseline range 0.15–100 km. We use the Median Differential Slope α m to investigate the scale dependency of the roughness and derive the global α m distribution from SELENE Laser Altimeter and Terrain Camera data. While α m ( l ) versus baseline l (km) plots vary among different highland types, all highlands commonly show a peak at 3–30 km. The Pre-Nectarian surface shows a relatively large α m (20–30 km). Our analysis is supported by the simulation of synthetic surface cratering models and crater statistics. In our simulation, a peak of α m (30 km) is successfully reproduced. The actual crater density shows good correlation with an empirical roughness indicator. However, a large part of the Nectarian surface shows a peak at 6–9 km baseline. This peak may be caused by secondary craters and ejecta deposit textures from the Nectarian system basins.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 20
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    The global distribution of pure anorthosite on the Moon (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-11
    Description: It has been thought that the lunar highland crust was formed by the crystallization and floatation of plagioclase from a global magma ocean, although the actual generation mechanisms are still debated. The composition of the lunar highland crust is therefore important for understanding the formation of such a magma ocean and the subsequent evolution of the Moon. The Multiband Imager on the Selenological and Engineering Explorer (SELENE) has a high spatial resolution of optimized spectral coverage, which should allow a clear view of the composition of the lunar crust. Here we report the global distribution of rocks of high plagioclase abundance (approaching 100 vol.%), using an unambiguous plagioclase absorption band recorded by the SELENE Multiband Imager. If the upper crust indeed consists of nearly 100 vol.% plagioclase, this is significantly higher than previous estimates of 82-92 vol.% (refs 2, 6, 7), providing a valuable constraint on models of lunar magma ocean evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ohtake, Makiko -- Matsunaga, Tsuneo -- Haruyama, Junichi -- Yokota, Yasuhiro -- Morota, Tomokatsu -- Honda, Chikatoshi -- Ogawa, Yoshiko -- Torii, Masaya -- Miyamoto, Hideaki -- Arai, Tomoko -- Hirata, Naru -- Iwasaki, Akira -- Nakamura, Ryosuke -- Hiroi, Takahiro -- Sugihara, Takamitsu -- Takeda, Hiroshi -- Otake, Hisashi -- Pieters, Carle M -- Saiki, Kazuto -- Kitazato, Kohei -- Abe, Masanao -- Asada, Noriaki -- Demura, Hirohide -- Yamaguchi, Yasushi -- Sasaki, Sho -- Kodama, Shinsuke -- Terazono, Junya -- Shirao, Motomaro -- Yamaji, Atsushi -- Minami, Shigeyuki -- Akiyama, Hiroaki -- Josset, Jean-Luc -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 10;461(7261):236-40. doi: 10.1038/nature08317.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshino-dai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19741704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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