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  • 11
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    The genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-16
    Description: African trypanosomes cause human sleeping sickness and livestock trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. We present the sequence and analysis of the 11 megabase-sized chromosomes of Trypanosoma brucei. The 26-megabase genome contains 9068 predicted genes, including approximately 900 pseudogenes and approximately 1700 T. brucei-specific genes. Large subtelomeric arrays contain an archive of 806 variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes used by the parasite to evade the mammalian immune system. Most VSG genes are pseudogenes, which may be used to generate expressed mosaic genes by ectopic recombination. Comparisons of the cytoskeleton and endocytic trafficking systems with those of humans and other eukaryotic organisms reveal major differences. A comparison of metabolic pathways encoded by the genomes of T. brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania major reveals the least overall metabolic capability in T. brucei and the greatest in L. major. Horizontal transfer of genes of bacterial origin has contributed to some of the metabolic differences in these parasites, and a number of novel potential drug targets have been identified.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berriman, Matthew -- Ghedin, Elodie -- Hertz-Fowler, Christiane -- Blandin, Gaelle -- Renauld, Hubert -- Bartholomeu, Daniella C -- Lennard, Nicola J -- Caler, Elisabet -- Hamlin, Nancy E -- Haas, Brian -- Bohme, Ulrike -- Hannick, Linda -- Aslett, Martin A -- Shallom, Joshua -- Marcello, Lucio -- Hou, Lihua -- Wickstead, Bill -- Alsmark, U Cecilia M -- Arrowsmith, Claire -- Atkin, Rebecca J -- Barron, Andrew J -- Bringaud, Frederic -- Brooks, Karen -- Carrington, Mark -- Cherevach, Inna -- Chillingworth, Tracey-Jane -- Churcher, Carol -- Clark, Louise N -- Corton, Craig H -- Cronin, Ann -- Davies, Rob M -- Doggett, Jonathon -- Djikeng, Appolinaire -- Feldblyum, Tamara -- Field, Mark C -- Fraser, Audrey -- Goodhead, Ian -- Hance, Zahra -- Harper, David -- Harris, Barbara R -- Hauser, Heidi -- Hostetler, Jessica -- Ivens, Al -- Jagels, Kay -- Johnson, David -- Johnson, Justin -- Jones, Kristine -- Kerhornou, Arnaud X -- Koo, Hean -- Larke, Natasha -- Landfear, Scott -- Larkin, Christopher -- Leech, Vanessa -- Line, Alexandra -- Lord, Angela -- Macleod, Annette -- Mooney, Paul J -- Moule, Sharon -- Martin, David M A -- Morgan, Gareth W -- Mungall, Karen -- Norbertczak, Halina -- Ormond, Doug -- Pai, Grace -- Peacock, Chris S -- Peterson, Jeremy -- Quail, Michael A -- Rabbinowitsch, Ester -- Rajandream, Marie-Adele -- Reitter, Chris -- Salzberg, Steven L -- Sanders, Mandy -- Schobel, Seth -- Sharp, Sarah -- Simmonds, Mark -- Simpson, Anjana J -- Tallon, Luke -- Turner, C Michael R -- Tait, Andrew -- Tivey, Adrian R -- Van Aken, Susan -- Walker, Danielle -- Wanless, David -- Wang, Shiliang -- White, Brian -- White, Owen -- Whitehead, Sally -- Woodward, John -- Wortman, Jennifer -- Adams, Mark D -- Embley, T Martin -- Gull, Keith -- Ullu, Elisabetta -- Barry, J David -- Fairlamb, Alan H -- Opperdoes, Fred -- Barrell, Barclay G -- Donelson, John E -- Hall, Neil -- Fraser, Claire M -- Melville, Sara E -- El-Sayed, Najib M -- AI43062/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI043062/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI043062/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 15;309(5733):416-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK. mb4@sanger.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16020726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; Antigenic Variation ; Antigens, Protozoan/chemistry/genetics/immunology ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Chromosomes/genetics ; Cytoskeleton/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Ergosterol/biosynthesis ; Genes, Protozoan ; *Genome, Protozoan ; Glutathione/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols/biosynthesis ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Transport ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Pseudogenes ; Purines/metabolism ; Pyrimidines/biosynthesis ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Spermidine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei/chemistry/*genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Trypanosomiasis, African/parasitology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 12
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    Sex skewing in IVF offspring [Agricultural Sciences] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-24
    Description: Dynamic epigenetic reprogramming occurs during normal embryonic development at the preimplantation stage. Erroneous epigenetic modifications due to environmental perturbations such as manipulation and culture of embryos during in vitro fertilization (IVF) are linked to various short- or long-term consequences. Among these, the skewed sex ratio, an indicator of reproductive hazards,...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 13
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    Early Adaptive Radiation of Birds: Evidence from Fossils from Northeastern China (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-11-15
    Description: Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous birds from northeastern China, including many complete skeletons of Confuciusornis, provide evidence for a fundamental dichotomy in the class Aves that may antedate the temporal occurrence of the Late Jurassic Archaeopteryx. The abundance of Confuciusornis may provide evidence of avian social behavior. Jurassic skeletal remains of an ornithurine bird lend further support to the idea of an early separation of the line that gave rise to modern birds. Chaoyangia, an ornithurine bird from the Early Cretaceous of China, has premaxillary teeth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hou -- Martin -- Zhou -- Feduccia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 15;274(5290):1164-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉L. Hou, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Post Office Box 643, Beijing 100044, China. L. D. Martin, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA. Z. Zhou, IVPP, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Post Office Box 643, Beijing 100044, China, and Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA. A. Feduccia, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8895459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 14
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    Loss of function of KIAA2022 causes mild to severe intellectual disability with an autism spectrum disorder and impairs neurite outgrowth (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-26
    Description: Existence of a discrete new X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) syndrome due to KIAA2022 deficiency was questioned by disruption of KIAA2022 by an X-chromosome pericentric inversion in a XLID family we reported in 2004. Three additional families with likely pathogenic KIAA2022 mutations were discovered within the frame of systematic parallel sequencing of familial cases of XLID or in the context of routine array-CGH evaluation of sporadic intellectual deficiency (ID) cases. The c.186delC and c.3597dupA KIAA2022 truncating mutations were identified by X-chromosome exome sequencing, while array CGH discovered a 70 kb microduplication encompassing KIAA2022 exon 1 in the third family. This duplication decreased KIAA2022 mRNA level in patients' lymphocytes by 60%. Detailed clinical examination of all patients, including the two initially reported, indicated moderate-to-severe ID with autistic features, strabismus in all patients, with no specific dysmorphic features other than a round face in infancy and no structural brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Interestingly, the patient with decreased KIAA2022 expression had only mild ID with severe language delay and repetitive behaviors falling in the range of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Since little is known about KIAA2022 function, we conducted morphometric studies in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. We found that siRNA-mediated KIAA2022 knockdown resulted in marked impairment in neurite outgrowth including both the dendrites and the axons, suggesting a major role for KIAA2022 in neuron development and brain function.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 15
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    Neuronal necrosis and spreading death in a Drosophila genetic model (2013)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-12
    Description: Neuronal necrosis and spreading death in a Drosophila genetic model Cell Death and Disease 4, e723 (July 2013). doi:10.1038/cddis.2013.232 Authors: Y Yang, L Hou, Y Li, J Ni & L Liu
    Keywords: neuronal necrosisspreading deathDrosophilaapoptosisEiger
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 16
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    Efficient satellite quenching at z~1 from the GEEC2 spectroscopic survey of galaxy groups (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: We present deep Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph-South spectroscopy for 11 galaxy groups at 0.8 〈 z  〈 1.0, for galaxies with r AB  〈 24.75. Our sample is highly complete (〉66 per cent) for eight of the 11 groups. Using an optical–near-infrared colour–colour diagram, the galaxies in the sample were separated with a dust insensitive method into three categories: passive (red), star-forming (blue) and intermediate (green). The strongest environmental dependence is observed in the fraction of passive galaxies, which make up only ~20 per cent of the field in the mass range 10 10.3  〈 M star /M  〈 10 11.0 , but are the dominant component of groups. If we assume that the properties of the field are similar to those of the ‘pre-accreted’ population, the environment quenching efficiency ( ) is defined as the fraction of field galaxies required to be quenched in order to match the observed red fraction inside groups. The efficiency obtained is ~0.4, similar to its value in intermediate-density environments locally. While green (intermediate) galaxies represent ~20 per cent of the star-forming population in both the group and field, at all stellar masses, the average specific star formation rate of the group population is lower by a factor of ~3. The green population does not show strong H absorption that is characteristic of starburst galaxies. Finally, the high fraction of passive galaxies in groups, when combined with satellite accretion models, require that most accreted galaxies have been affected by their environment. Thus, any delay between accretion and the onset of truncation of star formation () must be 2 Gyr, shorter than the 3–7 Gyr required to fit data at z  = 0. The relatively small fraction of intermediate galaxies require that the actual quenching process occurs quickly, with an exponential decay time-scale of q 1 Gyr.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 17
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    Liquid gating elastomeric porous system with dynamically controllable gas/liquid transport (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-10
    Description: The development of membrane technology is central to fields ranging from resource harvesting to medicine, but the existing designs are unable to handle the complex sorting of multiphase substances required for many systems. Especially, the dynamic multiphase transport and separation under a steady-state applied pressure have great benefits for membrane science, but have not been realized at present. Moreover, the incorporation of precisely dynamic control with avoidance of contamination of membranes remains elusive. We show a versatile strategy for creating elastomeric microporous membrane-based systems that can finely control and dynamically modulate the sorting of a wide range of gases and liquids under a steady-state applied pressure, nearly eliminate fouling, and can be easily applied over many size scales, pressures, and environments. Experiments and theoretical calculation demonstrate the stability of our system and the tunability of the critical pressure. Dynamic transport of gas and liquid can be achieved through our gating interfacial design and the controllable pores’ deformation without changing the applied pressure. Therefore, we believe that this system will bring new opportunities for many applications, such as gas-involved chemical reactions, fuel cells, multiphase separation, multiphase flow, multiphase microreactors, colloidal particle synthesis, and sizing nano/microparticles.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 18
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    Preparation and characterization of flexibility and lightweight CF-RGO composites (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-02-03
    Description: Absorbing materials are developed with the concept of “thin, light, wide and strong”, and various methods and materials have been attempted to satisfy the demand. In this work, the in situ growth method were conducted to grow reduced graphene (RGO) into carbon fiber (CF) to prepare CF-RGO composites. Moreover, the phase, microstructure and electromagnetic performance of the flexibility and lightweight composites were characterized. Consequently, the XRD and SEM results indicate the RGO is well grown on the surface of CF. The microwave absorption performance of the as-prepared samples were calculated, and the results show that the effective absorption band of the composites move towards low frequency once the RGO were introduced into the CF.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 19
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    Study the effect of Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 doped electromagnetic and microwave absorbing properties on RGO based composites (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-03
    Description: Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 is one of the traditional microwave absorbing materials, and it has attract the focus of the whole world in the past years. The composites behave well in absorbing areas due to its coexistence of dielectric property and ferrimagnetism. The graphene is one of the new absorbing materials and it has been used in varies areas due to its excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. In the work, the Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles were surficiently compounded with the reduced graphene (RGO), and the microstructure and microwave absorbing performance of the composites were characterized. Consequently, the results indicated that the as-prepared materials perform well in microwave absorption area.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 20
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    Effect of citric acid dosage and sintered temperature on the composition, morphology and electrochemical properties of lithium vanadium oxide prepared by a sol–gel method (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-11
    Description: A lithium vanadium oxide cathode material was synthesized via sol-gel processing using citric acid as the chelating agent. Different dosage of citric acid and sintered temperature were introduced to investigate their effects on the products composition, morphology and electrochemical properties. The results showed that the V 2 O 3 yield was inhibited and the crystallization of grain was accelerated with the increasing dosage of citric acid. Furthermore, V 2 O 3 was oxidized to LiV 3 O 8 and Li 0.3 V 2 O 5 with the increase of sintered temperature.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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