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  • 11
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Molecular cloning of the mouse, human and rabbit genomic ? genes has been previously described1,5,6. The sequencing strategy for the present analysisof the JK-CK intervening sequence is shown in Fig. 1. The resulting three sequences were compared pairwise using the dot matrix display described by ...
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: chlorophyll fluorescence ; quenching analysis ; photosynthesis ; quantum yield ; photoinhibition ; fiber-optic microsensor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract By using a fiber-optic microprobe in combination with a modified PAM Fluorometer, chlorophyll fluorescence yield was measured within leaves with spatial resolution of approximately 20 μm. The new system employs a miniature photomultiplier for detection of the pulse-modulated fluorescence signal received by the 20 μm fiber tip. The obtained signal/noise ratio qualifies for recordings of fluorescence induction kinetics (Kautsky effect), fluorescence quenching by the saturation pulse method and determination of quantum yield of energy conversion at Photosystem II at different sites within a leaf. Examples of the system performance and of practical applications are given. It is demonstrated that the fluorescence rise kinetics are distinctly faster when chloroplasts within the spongy mesophyll are illuminated as compared to palisade chloroplasts. Photoinhibition is shown to affect primarily the quantum yield of the palisade chloroplasts when excessive illumination is applied from the adaxial leaf side. The new system is envisaged to be used in combination with light measurements within leaves for an assessment of the specific contributions of different leaf regions to overall photosynthetic activity and for an integrative modelling of leaf photosynthesis.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 19 (1997), S. 101-104 
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Wnt signalling cascade is a highly conserved signalling pathway throughout the animal kingdom. In Xenopus, Wnt signalling functions in mesodermal dorsoventral patterning. Earlier work on deciphering the components of the wnt signalling cascade left a gap between cytosolic β-catenin, the final member of the cascade, and the nuclear target genes. Several recent papers now reveal how the Wnt signal is transmitted into the nucleus. Surprisingly, β-catenin directly interacts with the transcription factor LEF-1/XTCF-3, and thereby is not only translocated into the nucleus but also modulates the properties of LEF-1/XTCF-3 as a transcription factor(1-5).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 26 (1996), S. 16-26 
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Unter Mikrobenmatten versteht man im allgemeinen Bakteriengesellschaften aus phototrophen Mikroorganismen. Darüber hinaus gibt es aber auch Matten, in denen Arten der chemotrophen Bakteriengattungen Beggiatoa und Thioploca oder auch Pilze dominieren. Der Ausdruck „Matte“ bezieht sich auf ein zusammenhängendes, geschichtetes, mit organischer Materie angereichertes System, das solche Lebensgemeinschaften auf festen Oberflächen von Böden, Felsen und aquatischen Sedimenten bilden [1]. Die verschiedenen Mikroorganismengruppen leben miteinander in einem „mikroskopischen Dschungel“ (Abbildung 3) von sehr geringer Größe, häufig nur von wenigen Mikrometern bis Millimetern. Sie beeinflussen und prägen durch physikalische und biologisch-chemische Barrieren sowie durch ihren Stoffwechsel maßgeblich die Unterlage, auf der sie wachsen [3, 9 und darin zitierte Literatur]. Die Mikroorganismen durchwuchern diese mit einzelligen und fädigen Formen und scheiden häufig festigende, „klebrige“ Substanzen aus. Die mechanische Stabilität von Mikrobenmatten, welche Ausdehnungen von vielen Quadratkilometern erreichen können (zum Beispiel in der Antarktis oder an Mangrovenstandorten), ist beachtlich [4]. Man findet sie von den Polargebieten bis zu den Tropen in allen Lebensräumen der Erde. Typische Standorte sind hypersaline Seen und Lagunen (Salinen), Gewässer in der Antarktis, saure und alkalische Seen, heiße Quellen, Wüsten, Tiefseesedimente oder auch das offene Sandwatt und die Gezeitenzone der Ostfriesischen Inseln (Beispiele siehe Abbildungen 2 bis 9) [1].Einen aus physiologischer Sicht sehr interessanten Lebensraum stellen reine Salzkrusten in Salzgewinnungsanlagen beispielsweise in Guerrero Negro in Baja California, Mexiko oder am Toten Meer in Israel dar. Diese Salzkrusten bestehen zu mehr als 25% aus Gipskristallen (CaSO4), und die hier lebenden Mikroorganismen liegen „eingepökelt“ und dennoch metabolisch aktiv in der Gipsmatrix (Abbildung 1) [14]. In tropischen Zonen und in Mangrovenwäldern sind Wachstum der Matten und physiologische Aktivität der Organismen nicht auf bestimmte Jahreszeiten begrenzt. Wo die Matten durch hypersaline Bedingungen konserviert und nicht durch bohrende, wühlende oder fressende Aktivitäten der Fauna zerstört werden, können sie Dicken bis zu mehreren Metern erreichen. In den aquatischen Lebensräumen, insbesondere in der Gezeitenzone tragen die Mikrobenmatten nicht nur zur Verfestigung des Sedimentes bei, sondern auch zur Primärproduktion des jeweiligen Standortes. Untersuchungen über die Produktivität und Biomasse von Matten aus dem hypersalinen Solar Lake (Sinai; Abbildung 9A) zeigen beispielsweise Größenordnungen, die mit denen von tropischen Regenwäldern vergleichbar sind, welche allgemein als produktivstes Ökosystem angesehen werden [5].Alle Habitate, in denen Mikrobenmatten vorkommen, haben eines gemeinsam: Sie weisen so extreme Umweltbedingungen auf, daß es in der Regel keine Konkurrenz durch niedere oder höhere Pflanzen und auch keine Beeinträchtigungen durch mattenzerstörende Tiere gibt.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 15
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Max-Planck-Institut für Marine Mikrobiologie | Supplement to: Al-Najjar, Mohammad A A; de Beer, Dirk; Kühl, Michael; Polerecky, Lubos (2012): Light utilization efficiency in photosynthetic microbial mats. Environmental Microbiology, 14(4), 982-992, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02676.x
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: Based on combined microsensor measurements of irradiance, temperature and O2, we compared light energy budgets in photosynthetic microbial mats, with a special focus on the efficiency of light energy conservation by photosynthesis. The euphotic zones in the three studied mats differed in their phototrophic community structure, pigment concentrations and thickness. In all mats, 〈 1% of the absorbed light energy was conserved via photosynthesis at high incident irradiance, while the rest was dissipated as heat. Under light-limiting conditions, the photosynthetic efficiency reached a maximum, which varied among the studied mats between 4.5% and 16.2% and was significantly lower than the theoretical maximum of 27.7%. The maximum efficiency correlated linearly with the light attenuation coefficient and photopigment concentration in the euphotic zone. Higher photosynthetic efficiency was found in mats with a thinner and more densely populated euphotic zone. Microbial mats exhibit a lower photosynthetic efficiency compared with ecosystems with a more open canopy-like organization of photosynthetic elements, where light propagation is not hindered to the same extent by photosynthetically inactive components; such components contributed about 40-80% to light absorption in the investigated microbial mats, which is in a similar range as in oceanic planktonic systems.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 6 datasets
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Keywords: Abu-Dhab, Sadeyat Island; AD-mat; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Microsensor-ex situ; MICS; Temperature, in rock/sediment; Temperature, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 350 data points
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  • 17
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Max-Planck-Institut für Marine Mikrobiologie
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Keywords: AUS-mat; Australia, Exmouth Gulf; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Irradiance; Irradiance microprobe (integrating sphere diameter 100 mm;Lassen et al. 1992); Microsensor-ex situ; MICS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 14 data points
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  • 18
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Max-Planck-Institut für Marine Mikrobiologie
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Keywords: Abu-Dhab, Sadeyat Island; AD-mat; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Irradiance; Irradiance microprobe (integrating sphere diameter 100 mm;Lassen et al. 1992); Microsensor-ex situ; MICS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 19 data points
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Keywords: Abu-Dhab, Sadeyat Island; AD-mat; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Microsensor-based light-dark shift method (Revsbech and Jørgensen, 1983); Microsensor-ex situ; MICS; Standard deviation; Volumetric photosynthesis rate, oxygen production
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 132 data points
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Keywords: AUS-mat; Australia, Exmouth Gulf; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Microsensor-based light-dark shift method (Revsbech and Jørgensen, 1983); Microsensor-ex situ; MICS; Standard deviation; Volumetric photosynthesis rate, oxygen production
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 32 data points
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