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  • 11
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    Increasing levels and biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Antarctic biota (2004)
    In:  EPIC3Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48, pp. 295-302, ISSN: 0025-326X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Representatives of the Antarctic food web (krill, cephalopod, fish, penguin, seal) of the area around Elephant Island and from the Weddell Sea were analysed for the most recalcitrant organochlorine compounds. Due to sorption of the compounds to sinking particles and accumulation in sediments, two benthic fish species (Gobionotothen gibberifrons, Chaenocephalus aceratus) feeding on benthos invertebrates and fish reflected significantly increasing concentrations within a decade (1987-1996), while a benthopelagic species (Champsocephalus gunnari) feeding on krill did not. In the pelagic food chain, lipid normalised concentrations of all compounds increased from Antarctic krill to fish proving that biomagnification of highly lipophilic pollutants (log octanol-water partition coefficient 〉 5) occurs in water-breathing animals. As top predators Weddell and southern elephant seals (Leptonychotes weddellii, Mirounga leonina) biomagnified the POPs relative to krill 30 to 160 fold with the exception of hexachlorobenzene, the levels of which were lower than in fish indicating its intense specific elimination.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 12
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    Concentrations and localization of brominated metabolites in the genus Thelepus (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) (1991)
    In:  EPIC3Comparative biochemistry and physiology b-biochemistry & molecular biologyB, 99, pp. 203-206
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: 1. Concentrations of six bromophenol-related compounds were determined in Thelepus extensus, T. setosus and T. cincinnatus from coasts of the Kerguelen Islands, Brittany, West Sweden and the Bransfield Strait. One compound, bis(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzyl)ether, has not been reported previously in Thelepus.2.The three species contained the same compounds in comparable concentrations. These were not related to animal wet wt. Total values ranged between 0.5 and 1.5 mg/g wet wt.3 Highest concentrations were found in the distal parts of worms, particularly in tentacles and in the end of the abdomen.4. Thelepin, an antimicrobial constituent, was detected in the distal parts only and is suggested to be of antiseptic importance in wound healing in the body parts that protrude from the worms' tubes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 13
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    Population-dependent elimination of various polychlorinated biphenyls in Nereis diversicolor (Polychaeta) (1990)
    In:  EPIC3Marine environmental research, 29, pp. 205-226
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Elimination kinetics of six tetra-, penta- and hexachlorobiphenyls were investigated in Nereis diversicolor from two populations of the Weser Estuary by laboratory experiments. Elimination half-lives increased in the order 101, 52, 87, 44, 95, 153 (IUPAC Nos.) indicating the importance of PCB structure. At appropriate salinities, 10 ppt and 25 ppt, ragworms from the possibly more contaminated mesohaline site eliminated these components considerably faster than those from the polyhaline site. Worms from the mesohaline site also had considerably more polar transformation products of No. 52, which had been applied super(14)C-labelled. This indicates that the faster PCB elimination in this population was generally due to increased biotransformation. PCB elimination was not significantly changed after animals of the polyhaline site had been acclimated to 10 ppt salinity.Relative elimination rates of the components were in accordance with PCB patterns determined in environmental samples of Nereis diversicolor, i.e. selective elimination strongly influences the levels of PCB components. Besides No. 101, hexa- and heptachlorobiphenyls with Cl substitution in 2,3,4,5-position of one phenyl ring were under-represented. Tetra- and pentachlorobiphenyls predominated in ragworms of the mesohaline site, while hexa- and heptachlorobiphenyls did so in those of the polyhaline site. A characteristic biotransformation of PCBs is suggested to occur in the species.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 14
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    Species-specific elimination of polychlorinated biphenyls in estuarine animals and its impact on residue patterns (2001)
    In:  EPIC3Marine environmental research, 51, pp. 131-149, ISSN: 0141-1136
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Elimination kinetics of tetra-, penta- and hexachlorobiphenyls (IUPAC nos. 44, 52, 87, 95, 101, 153) were investigated by laboratory experiments in three species of different phyla: Nereis diversicolor (Polychaeta), Palaemon longirostris (Crustacea) and Platichthys flesus (Pisces). Half-lives were species-specific and structure-dependent. P. longirostris eliminated all components fastest. N. diversicolor was faster than P. flesus except for components 95 and 153. Contrary to the fish species, the two invertebrates contained significant amounts of polar transformation products of no. 52, which had been applied as 14C-labelled. Therefore, the faster elimination by P. longirostris and N. diversicolor was assumed to be generally due to increased biotransformation. Elimination was in accordance with PCB residue patterns obtained from field samples of the species. Congeners with vicinal H atoms in m,p positions were under-represented in P. longirostris and so were congeners with * 7 Cl in N. diversicolor, while the PCB residue pattern in P. flesus was similar to that of Clophen A60. By comparing percentages of the experimental congeners in sigma PCB and their elimination half-lives in the three species, it was revealed that residue patterns were also influenced by species-dependent uptake, e.g. feeding habits. EOM based sigma PCB levels increased with trophic levels of the three species.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 15
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    Bromophenols in Lanice conchilega (Polychaeta, Terebellidae) (1991)
    In:  EPIC3Bulletin of marine science, 48(2), pp. 517-523
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The levels of four brominated compounds in Lanice conchilega were measured: 2,4-dibromophenol, 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tribromophenol, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The presence of all four of these secondary metabolites in the mu g/g range was species specific. Ten other terebellid species did not contain the compounds in significant concentrations. The levels were not dependent on animal size, sex or seasons. Bromophenols were not detected in plankton and only 2,4,6-tribromophenol was found in sea water (2 pg/g) near the sites of dense populations of the annelid. The compounds are generally not accumulated, which was tested by feeding pieces of L. conchilega to three marine invertebrate species.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 16
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    The bioaccumulation pattern of organochlorine residues in Lanice conchilega (Polychaeta) and its geographical variation between the English Channel and the German Bight (1998)
    In:  EPIC3Chemosphere, 37(7), pp. 1283-1298
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: PCBs, p,p'-DDE, HCB, alpha-HCH and gamma-HCH were analysed in Lanice conchilega from the French, Dutch and German coasts. The annelid exhibited a species-specific PCB pattern. It showed lower and higher chlorinated congeners in more balanced quantities than the polychaete Nereis diversicolor and also the bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis used in the French mussel watch programme RNO. The PCB pattern in L. conchilega was influenced by the geographical location, probably by changes of the environmental PCB composition from SW to NE. Riverine influences could be distinguished from regional ones. Contributions of higher chlorinated PCB congeners increasing from western to eastern river-related positions are explained by fractionation of PCBs during atmospheric transport.Concentrations of PCBs and p,p'-DDE in L. conchilega based on extractable organic matter were highest in the Seine Bay indicating a substantial input of these pollutants by the river Seine. No enhanced PCB and p,p'-DDE values were measured in the German Bight. Levels of gamma-HCH and ratios of gamma-HCH/alpha-HCH were elevated near the mouths of Rance and Seine, which drain areas of intensive agriculture with apparent lindane application. Balanced levels of HCB point to fast atmospheric transport and homogenous deposition of this compound into the sea.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 17
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    Elimination of pentachlorobiphenyls by Nereis virens (Polychaeta) in the laboratory and the marine environment (1986)
    In:  EPIC3Chemistry in Ecology, 2, pp. 263-285
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Fifty sandworms, Nereis virens, were maintained in a closed aquarium system with continuous charcoal filtration at 12 degree C and 27.6 ppt S. They were dosed orally for 10 consecutive days with a mixture of three pentachlorobiphenyls: 35 ng 2,4,6,2',4'-pentachloro(U- super(14)C)biphenyl, 106 ng 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl, and 106 ng 2,3,4,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl per g of Nereis virens per day. At the end of the dosing period the accumulated compounds were measured in 5 worms, the remaining 45 specimens were divided into three groups for determining the PCB elimination under different conditions for 14 to 26 weeks: in the laboratory with feeding, in the laboratory without feeding, and in a cage moored in the Weser estuary.The accumulation percentage for these PCB compounds were 41, 26 and 4% respectively. Times for the initial 50% decrease t sub(e)50 were 4.4, 2.8 and 1.9 weeks respectively, and appeared the same in all three experimental groups. However, in the laboratory experiments the metabolites of the super(14)C-labelled compound amounted to similar to 60%, compared to the field experiment with similar to 30%. This extended the t sub(e)50 for super(14)C activity (metabolites included) to similar to 9 weeks in the laboratory experiments.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 18
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    Locality-dependent concentrations of bromophenols in Lanice conchilega (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) (1990)
    In:  EPIC3Comparative biochemistry and physiology b-biochemistry & molecular biologyB, 97, pp. 741-744
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: 1. At 37 stations in the English Channel and the southern North Sea concentrations of four brominated phenols in Lanice conchilega were determined using ECD equipped capillary gas chromatography: 2,4-dibromophenol, 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tribromophenol, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde.2. Concentrations in worms of the southern North Sea were generally below 1 mu g/g wet wt.3. Levels were slightly raised in worms of sheltered shores, those of 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde were increased in subtidal populations.4. Concentrations in L. conchilega of Brittany were considerably higher than those in worms of the Frisian Islands, North Sea; they deviated from the latter by factors of 3, 16, 4, 4, respectively.5. The reasons for the conspicuous differences are hitherto unknown; three explanations are suggested.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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