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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 25 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. The effects of the frequency of manure application (twice weekly, weekly and fortnightly) on prawn production and pond dynamics in culture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) were assessed. Juvenile freshwater prawns were cultured for 100 days using pelleted feed and organic fertilizer. Results showed that the greatest (but not significantly different) marketable prawn yield was achieved with fortnightly manuring, but the most stable pond environment as based on oxygen dynamics, developed with weekly fertilization. The highest concentrations of chlorophyll, nitrogen and phosphorus occurred with fortnightly applications, but so too did the lowest ratio of gross primary production: respiration. System dynamics are discussed.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Eight semi-purified diets were formulated to investigate the effects of dietary lipid and lecithin levels on the performance and carcass composition of post-larval Penaeus monodon Fabricius.Supplementary soyabean lecithin levels from 0 to 9% and total dietary lipid (cod liver oil:soyabean oil at a ratio of 3:1) levels from 3·5 to 12·5% at 3% increments were tested in diets that were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. The diets were fed for 50 days to triplicate groups of post-larval P. monodon held in a laboratory marine recirculated water system.Despite poor overall performance due to the purified dietary ingredients, the absence of basal lipids and/or lecithin was found to result in the poorest performance. Optimum production was obtained with a diet containing 3% basal lipid and 3% lecithin at a total lipid level of 6·5%. The addition of dietary lecithin (particulariy at 46·63% of the total lipid) at up to 3% in terms of growth, feeding efficiency and production or 6% in terms of survival significantly (P 〈 0·05) increased shrimp production. Lecithin was therefore probably acting as a growth, survival and/or phago-stimulant in P. monodon.The total lipid requirements are consistent with those reported by other workers for penaeid shrimp, and are probably a result of the requirement for essential fatty acids, the stimulant properties of lecithin and the calorigenic effects of high dietary lipid levels.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 187 (1960), S. 985-989 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE endocrine system is composed of many glands in often inaccessible locations with a wealth of interrelationships. In order to investigate the individual hormones it is necessary to remove the gland, or to inhibit in some way its function. Removal is often difficult and in many cases impossible. ...
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The three-dimensional structures of influenza virus haemagglutinins complexed with cell receptor analogues show sialic acids bound to a pocket of conserved amino acids surrounded by antibody-binding sites. Sialic acid fills the conserved pocket, demonstrating that it is the influenza virus ...
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary To examine the effects of pollen and resource availability on floral display and fruit set in Chilopsis linearis three different types of experimental manipulations were performed. Pollen availability to individual inflorescences was altered by combinations of hand-pollinations and/or pollinator exclusions. Number of flowers produced per inflorescence was determinate; it was not affected by pollination, although flowers of the unpollinated treatment lasted longer. Fruit set was increased over natural levels by an average of 540% by hand-pollinating individual inflorescences. There was also a negative correlation between inflorescence size and percent fruit set in all treatments tested. Attempts to vary resources available to individual inflorescences and entire trees showed no significant effect on fruit set. These results show that, at the level of individual inflorescences, fruit and seed production in Chilopsis linearis are pollen limited and not resource limited. The problem of testing for resource limitation of female reproductive success in iteroparous plants and the effect of inflorescence size on female components of fitness are also discussed.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 72 (1987), S. 77-82 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Desert ; Rodent community ; Food addition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary From 1977 through 1983 we conducted experiments on a desert rodent community where supplemental seeds were added or certain rodent species and ants were removed from 0.25-ha fenced plots in a Chihuahuan Desert site in southeastern Arizona, USA. In this paper we examine the patterns of microhabitat use relative to vegetative cover by 11 rodent species. The results show that: i) removal of the largest seed-eating species, Dipodomys spectabilis, produced the most pervasive and dramatic shifts in microhabitat use by the remaining rodent species; ii) adding seeds or removing ants had little effect on the spatial use of microhabitats by rodents in this community; and iii) non-granivores were just as likely as granivores to shift microhabitat use when other granivores were removed. We believe these results indicate that both food and foraging microsites are limited but the relegation of subdominant species to lesspreferred microhabitats by the large Dipodomys spectabilis is the major factor underlying the spatial organization of this community. Results also demonstrate that strong interactions among species increase the probability that pathways of indirect interactions through intermediary species are important; these complex linkages may include species that overlap little in food preferences.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 92 (1992), S. 242-249 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Aggression ; Competition ; Community structure ; Desert rodents ; Ecological scales
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In an earlier paper (Bowers et al. 1987) we reported patterns of microhabitat use by desert rodents among 0.25-ha plots where seeds were added or certain rodent species removed. We used the results to make inferences about the spatial organization of the whole rodent community. Here we change our focus to test for spatial usage patterns at a smaller (within-plot) scale. Specifically, we examine to what extent spatial use varies with proximity to mounded burrows of the large kangaroo rat, Dipodomys spectabilis. Capture frequency of five of nine rodent species was correlated with distance from D. spectabilis mounds, while six species showed correlations with vegetative cover that also increased with distance from mounds. In general, sites nearer mounds were underutilized, and sites further away overutilized by the rodent community as a whole. Logistic regression analyses showed for six species that vegetative cover and particularly, distance to nearest mound accounted for more of the variation in whether a station captured a species than did plot-to-plot (i.e., treatment) effects. Similar analyses using two plots where D. spectabilis was removed (where vacant mounds persited for years) suggested that the selection of microhabitats with contrasting vegetation structure was more pronounced in the absence than in the presence of D. spectabilis, and that in most cases distance from mounds was important only if mounds were occupied. Spatial structure in this community appears to revolve around the occupation of space by dominant individuals that partially modify/obscure large scale patterns involving the selection of particular structural microhabitats.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 3 (1975), S. 231-237 
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract One of the main problems to technology utilization is the dynamics of the medical community. The users of the technology are not well acquainted with its potential value, the private entrepreneur (the physician) rarely purchases in quantity, and standards of manufacture have not been set. For these reasons, the medical market is unstable, risky, and expensive to enter. Most large companies get a greater return on engineering talent through mass-produced items. A means must be found to develop an interface between the inventor, the developer, the manufacturer, and the user of medical devices. The medical inventor is usually supported by grants or contracts and as such has little opportunity to develop an idea to the prototype or testing phase. Industry is sometimes unwilling and sometimes unable to invest capital and talent in expensive development and production testing. The logical middleman in the chain is the federal government. Past experience indicates that when a prototype has been developed and successfully tested through government sponsorship, industry then becomes interested in production. As a corollary to development, standardization must be established. The creation of a health caresystem where records on a consumer can be transferred from one point to another with complete understanding requires the standardization of tests, records, and many parts of the system as a whole. Any savings of scale can be accomplished only with mass production and this requires definition of a standard product.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 4 (1976), S. 109-110 
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Vorliegende Studie präsentiert einen Profilvergleich des refraktiven Index-Struktur-Parameters (C n 2 ) und zwei abgeleiteter Größen, der transversalen Koherenzlänge (r 0) und des isoplanen Winkels (θ 0), aufgrund von Messungen mit einer Reihe von Instrumenten, u.a. mit einem gepulsteten 49.25-MHz-Doppler-Radar mit einer Phasenfeld-Antenne, einem Isoplanometer, einemr 0-System, einem Stellar-Scintillometer und Temperaturschwankungs-Sensoren auf einer Thermosonde. Der Radar, mit dem Datenmaterial in einer Bandbreite von 2 bis 22 km über Grund gesammelt werden konnte, war auf Datenmessungen vonC n 2 in einer Auflösung von 150 m eingestellt. Das Stellar-Scintillometer erbrachte einC n 2 -Profil definiert für 7 Höhenstufen im Bereich von 2.2 bis 18.5 km über Grund während die Thermosonde Werte in 20 m-Stufen ermittelte. Das Isoplanometer und dasr 0-System erbrachten Integral-werte bis zu einer bestimmten Höhe über Grund. Sowohl das Eichungsverfahren des Radar, als auch die Winkelabhängigkeit der Stärke des reflektierten Signals von spiegelnder Reflexion werden im folgenden besprochen, als auch die Methode zur Filterung von optischen Reflexionen imC n 2 aus den Radarreflexen durch Ausschaltung von Feuchtigkeitseinwirkungen. Zuletzt werden die Unterschiede in den Resultaten verschiedener Messungsmethoden zu klären versucht.
    Notes: Summary Comparisons are made of profiles of the refractive index structure parameter (C n 2 ) and two derived quantities, transverse coherence length (r 0) and isoplanatic angle (θ 0), from measurements taken with a suite of instruments including a 49.25 MHz pulsed Doppler radar with a phased array antenna, an isoplanometer, anr 0 system, a stellar scintillometer, and temperature fluctuation sensors mounted on a thermosonde. The radar, which obtained data from 2 to 22 km above ground level (AGL), was operated to provide 150 m height resolution ofC n 2 . The stellar scintillometer obtained aC n 2 profile defined at seven heights from 2.2 to 18.5 km AGL, while the thermosonde obtained and transmitted data every 20 m. The isoplanometer andr 0 system provided integratedpath (ground-to-space) values. The method used for calibrating the radar is discussed as well as the angular dependency of radar-returned power as influenced by specular reflections. The method used for extracting opticalC n 2 from radar reflectivity by eliminating humidity effects is discussed, as is speculation as to differences in results found from the different measurement techniques.
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