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  • 11
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    Extension of laboratory-measured soil spectra to field conditions (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Spectral responses of two glaciated soils, Chalmers silty clay loam and Fincastle silt loam, formed under prairie grass and forest vegetation, respectively, were measured in the laboratory under controlled moisture equilibria using an Exotech Model 20C spectroradiometer to obtain spectral data in the laboratory under artificial illumination. The same spectroradiometer was used outdoors under solar illumination to obtain spectral response from dry and moistened field plots with and without corn residue cover, representing the two different soils. Results indicate that laboratory-measured spectra of moist soil are directly proportional to the spectral response of that same field-measured moist bare soil over the 0.52 micrometer to 1.75 micrometer wavelength range. The magnitudes of difference in spectral response between identically treated Chalmers and Fincastle soils are greatest in the 0.6 micrometers to 0.8 micrometer transition region between the visible and near infrared, regardless of field condition or laboratory preparation studied.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E83-10021 , NASA-CR-167722 , SR-P2-04326 , LARS-052680 , NAS 1.26:167722
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 12
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    Soybean canopy reflectance as a function of view and illumination geometry (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The results of an experiment designed to characterize a soybean field by its reflectance at various view and illumination angles and by its physical and agronomic attributes are presented. Reflectances were calculated from measurements at four wavelength bands through eight view azimuth and seven view zenith directions for various solar zenith and azimuth angles during portions of three days. An ancillary data set consisting of the agronomic and physical characteristics of the soybean field is described. The results indicate that the distribution of reflectance from a soybean field is a function of the solar illumination and viewing geometry, wavelength and row direction, as well as the state of development of the canopy. Shadows between rows greatly affected the reflectance in the visible wavelength bands and to a lesser extent in the near infrared wavelengths. A model is proposed that describes the reflectance variation as a function of projected solar and projected viewing angles. The model appears to approximate the reflectance variations in the visible wavelength bands from a canopy with well defined row structure.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E82-10394 , NASA-CR-167644 , SR-P2-04278 , NAS 1.26:167644 , LARS-042182
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 13
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    LARSPEC spectroradiometer-multiband radiometer data formats (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The data base software system, LARSPEC, is discussed and the data base format for agronomic, meteorological, spectroradiometer, and multiband radiometer data is described. In addition, the contents and formats of each record of data and the wavelength tables are listed and the codes used for some of the parameters are described.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E82-10381 , NASA-CR-167647 , SR-P2-04277 , NAS 1.26:167647 , LARS-050182
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 14
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    Soybean canopy reflectance modeling data sets (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Numerous mathematical models of the interaction of radiation with vegetation canopies have been developed over the last two decades. However, data with which to exercise and validate these models are scarce. During three days in the summer of 1980, experiments are conducted with the objective of gaining insight about the effects of solar illumination and view angles on soybean canopy reflectance. In concert with these experiment, extensive measurements of the soybean canopies are obtained. This document is a compilation of the bidirectional reflectance factors, agronomic, characteristics, canopy geometry, and leaf, stem, and pod optical properties of the soybean canopies. These data sets should be suitable for use with most vegetation canopy reflectance models.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E86-10005 , NASA-CR-171895 , NAS 1.26:171895 , LARS-TR-071584
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  • 15
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    Simulated response of a multispectral scanner over wheat as a function of wavelength and view/illumination direction (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The reflectance response with view angle of wheat, was analyzed. The analyses, which assumes there are no atmospheric effects, and otherwise simulates the response of a multispectral scanner, is based upon spectra taken continuously in wavelength from 0.45 to 2.4 micrometers at more than 1200 view/illumination directions using an Exotech model 20C spectra radiometer. Data were acquired six meters above four wheat canopies, each at a different growth stage. The analysis shows that the canopy reflective response is a pronounced function of illumination angle, scanner view angle and wavelength. The variation is greater at low solar elevations compared to high solar elevations.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E82-10144 , NASA-CR-167505 , NAS 1.26:167505 , SR-P1-04202 , LARS-071580
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  • 16
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    Evaluation of Skylab data for land use mapping (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Skylab multispectral scanner data, digitized Skylab color IR photography, digitized Skylab black and white multiband photography, and Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) multispectral scanner data collected within a twenty-four hour time period over an area in south-central Indiana near Bloomington on June 9 and 10, 1973, were compared in a machine-aided land use analysis of the area. The overall classification performance results, obtained with nine land use classes were 87% correct classification using the 'best' 4 channels of the Skylab multispectral scanner, 80% for the channels on the Skylab multispectra scanner, which are spectrally comparable to the ERTS multispectral scanner, 88% for the ERTS multispectral scanner, 83% for the digitized color IR photography, and 76% for the digitized black and white multiband photography. The results indicate that the Skylab multispectral scanner may yield even higher classification accuracies when a noise filtered multispectral scanner data set becomes available in the near future.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Journal of the Astronautical Sciences; 23; Apr
    Format: text
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  • 17
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    A multilevel multispectral data set analysis in the visible and infrared wavelength regions (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Skylab multispectral scanner data, digitized Skylab color infrared (IR) photography, digitized Skylab black and white multiband photography, and Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) multispectral scanner data collected within a 24-hr time period over an area in south-central Indiana near Bloomington on June 9 and 10, 1973, were compared in a machine-aided land use analysis of the area. The overall classification performance results, obtained with nine land use classes, were 87% correct classification using the 'best' 4 channels of the Skylab multispectral scanner, 80% for the channels on the Skylab multispectral scanner which are spectrally comparable to the ERTS multispectral scanner, 88% for the ERTS multispectral scanner, 83% for the digitized color IR photography, and 76% for the digitized black and white multiband photography. The results indicate that the Skylab multispectral scanner may yield even higher classification accuracies when a noise-filtered multispectral scanner data set becomes available in the near future.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IEEE; vol. 63
    Format: text
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  • 18
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    Linear polarization of light by two wheat canopies measured at many view angles (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The linear polarization and reflection of visible light by wheat as a function of sun-view directions, crop development stage, and wavelength were examined. Two-hundred spectra were taken continuously in wave-lengths from 0.45 to 0.72 Micron in 33 view directions using an Exotech model 20C spectroradiometer six meters above two wheat canopies in the boot and fully headed maturity stages. The analysis results show that the amount of linearly polarized light from the wheat canopies is greatest in the blue spectral region and decreases gradually with increasing wavelength. The results also show that the linearly polarized light from the canopies is generally greatest in the azimuth direction of the Sun and tends toward zero as the view direction tends toward the direction of the hot spot or anti-solar point. It is demonstrated that the single, angle of incidence of sunlight on the leaf, explains almost all of the variation of the amount of polarized light with Sun-view direction.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E82-10229 , NASA-CR-167419 , NAS 1.26:167419 , LARS-TR-090981 , SR-P1-04139
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 19
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    A multilevel, multispectral data set analysis in the visible and infrared wavelength regions (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: E74-10571 , NASA-CR-138646
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  • 20
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    Overview of remote sensing field research - Requirements and status (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The history of the development of remote sensing is briefly discussed, taking into account the study of the optical spectral properties of plants in the early 1950s, the concept of 'spectral signature', the multispectral scanner, and the Thematic Mapper scanner. The present state of development of remote sensing is examined. It is found that the requirements for field measurements for remote sensing field research are the same as the requirements envisioned in the 1960s. However, improved models for predicting scene reflectance and considerable field experience have clarified the aims and procedures. Information related to the status of optical measurements for crops and soils research is presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Format: text
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