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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (36)
  • 1
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    Field spectroscopy of agricultural crops (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The development of the full potential of multispectral data acquired from satellites, requires quantitative knowledge, and physical models of the spectral properties of specific earth surface features. Knowledge of the relationships between spectral-radiometric characteristics and important biophysical parameters of agricultural crops and soils can best be obtained by carefully controlled studies of fields or plots. It is important to select plots where data describing the agronomic-biophysical properties of the crop canopies and soil background are attainable, taking into account also the feasibility of frequent timely calibrated spectral measurements. The term 'field spectroscopy' is employed for this research. The present paper is concerned with field research which was sponsored by NASA as part of the AgRISTARS Supporting Research Project. Attention is given to field research objectives, field research instrumentation, measurement procedures, spectral-temporal profile modeling, and the effects of cultural and environmental factors on crop reflectance.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); GE-24; 65-75
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  • 2
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    Microwave and optical remote sensing of forest vegetation (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The objectives and anticipated results of a study to define the strengths and limitations of microwave (SIR-B) and optical (thematic Mapper) data, singly and in combination, for the purpose of characterizing forest cover types and condition classes are described. Other specific objectives include: (1) the assessment of the effectiveness of a contextual classification algorithm (SECHO); (2) evaluation of the utility of different look angles of SAR data in determining differences in stand density of commercial forests; and (3) the determination of the effectiveness of the L-band HH polarized SIR-B data in differentiating forest-stand densities.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: JPL The SIR-B Sci. Invest. Plan; 3 p
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  • 3
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    Field measurements research in remote sensing (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Ann. Res. Sum., 1 Jul. 1982 - 30 Jun. 1983; p 26-27
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  • 4
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    Vegetation and soils field research data base: Experiment summaries (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Understanding of the relationships between the optical, spectral characteristics and important biological-physical parameters of earth-surface features can best be obtained by carefully controlled studies over fields and plots where complete data describing the condition of targets are attainable and where frequent, timely spectral measurement can be obtained. Development of a vegetation and soils field research data base was initiated in 1972 at Purdue University's Laboratory for Applications of Remote Sensing and expanded in the fall of 1974 by NASA as part of LACIE. Since then, over 250,000 truck-mounted and helicopter-borne spectrometer/multiband radiometer observations have been obtained of more than 50 soil series and 20 species of crops, grasses, and trees. These data are supplemented by an extensive set of biophysical and meteorological data acquired during each mission. The field research data form one of the most complete and best-documented data sets acquired for agricultural remote sensing research. Thus, they are well-suited to serve as a data base for research to: (1) quantiatively determine the relationships of spectral and biophysical characteristics of vegetation, (2) define future sensor systems, and (3) develop advanced data analysis techniques.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E86-10010 , NASA-CR-171894 , NAS 1.26:171894 , LARS-TR-042382
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  • 5
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    Specular, diffuse, and polarized light scattered by two wheat canopies (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Using polarization measurements, the reflectance factor of two wheat canopies is divided into components due to specularly and diffusely reflected light. The data show that two key angles may be predicted, the angle of the polarizer for minimum flux and the angle of incidence of sunlight specularly reflected by a leaf to a sensor. The results show that specular reflection is a key aspect to radiation transfer by two canopies. Results suggest that the advent of heading in wheat may be remotely sensed from polarization measurements of the canopy reflectance.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 24; 2408-241
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  • 6
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    Changes in spectral properties of detached birch leaves (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A study conducted in order to determine the rate of changes in spectral properties of detached leaves and to evaluate the effectiveness of low temperature and cytokinins for delaying the changes, is examined. For five minutes, leaves from red birch are immersed in water or 0.001 M BAP, and then stored in plastic bags in the dark at either 5 or 25 C. Using a spectroradiometer and an integrating sphere, total directional-hemispherical reflectance and transmittance of the adaxial surface of the leaves are measured over the 400-1100 nm wavelength region. The results indicate that for leaves stored at 5 C for one week, the changes in the spectral properties are less than 5 percent of the initial values, whereas storage at 25 C promotes rapid senescence and large changes in the spectral properties. It is shown that low temperature is more effective than BAP in delaying senescence.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment (ISSN 0034-4257); 17; 281-289
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  • 7
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    Changes in spectral properties of detached leaves (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: If leaf senescence can be delayed for several days without significant changes in spectral properties, then samples of leaves at remote test sites could be prepared and shipped to laboratories to measure spectral properties. The changes in spectral properties of detached leaves were determined. Leaves from red birch and red pine were immersed in water or 0.001 M benzylaminopurine (BAP) and stored in plastic bags in the dark at either 5 or 25 C. Total directional-hemispherical reflectance and transmittance of the adaxial surface of birch leaves were measured over the 400 to 1100 nm wavelength region with a spectroradiometer and integrating sphere. Pine needles were taped together and reflectance of the mat of needles was measured. Spectral properties changed less than 5% of initial values during the first week when leaves were stored at 5 C. Storage at 25 C promoted rapid senescence and large changes in spectral properties. BAP delayed, but did not stop, senescence at 25 C.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E85-10042 , NASA-CR-171818 , NAS 1.26:171818 , LARS-TR-061584
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  • 8
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    Atlas of soil reflectance properties (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A compendium of soil spectral reflectance curves together with soil test results and site information is presented in an abbreviated manner listing those soil properties most important in influencing soil reflectance. Results are presented for 251 soils from 39 states and Brazil. A narrative key describes relationships between soil parameters and reflectance curves. All soils are classified according to the U.S. soil taxonomy and soil series name for ease of identification.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-160446 , LARS-TR-111579
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  • 9
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    Extension of laboratory-measured soil spectra to field conditions (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Spectral responses of two glaciated soils, Chalmers silty clay loam and Fincastle silt loam, formed under prairie grass and forest vegetation, respectively, were measured in the laboratory under controlled moisture equilibria using an Exotech Model 20C spectroradiometer to obtain spectral data in the laboratory under artificial illumination. The same spectroradiometer was used outdoors under solar illumination to obtain spectral response from dry and moistened field plots with and without corn residue cover, representing the two different soils. Results indicate that laboratory-measured spectra of moist soil are directly proportional to the spectral response of that same field-measured moist bare soil over the 0.52 micrometer to 1.75 micrometer wavelength range. The magnitudes of difference in spectral response between identically treated Chalmers and Fincastle soils are greatest in the 0.6 micrometers to 0.8 micrometer transition region between the visible and near infrared, regardless of field condition or laboratory preparation studied.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E83-10021 , NASA-CR-167722 , SR-P2-04326 , LARS-052680 , NAS 1.26:167722
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  • 10
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    Soybean canopy reflectance as a function of view and illumination geometry (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The results of an experiment designed to characterize a soybean field by its reflectance at various view and illumination angles and by its physical and agronomic attributes are presented. Reflectances were calculated from measurements at four wavelength bands through eight view azimuth and seven view zenith directions for various solar zenith and azimuth angles during portions of three days. An ancillary data set consisting of the agronomic and physical characteristics of the soybean field is described. The results indicate that the distribution of reflectance from a soybean field is a function of the solar illumination and viewing geometry, wavelength and row direction, as well as the state of development of the canopy. Shadows between rows greatly affected the reflectance in the visible wavelength bands and to a lesser extent in the near infrared wavelengths. A model is proposed that describes the reflectance variation as a function of projected solar and projected viewing angles. The model appears to approximate the reflectance variations in the visible wavelength bands from a canopy with well defined row structure.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E82-10394 , NASA-CR-167644 , SR-P2-04278 , NAS 1.26:167644 , LARS-042182
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