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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Letters 7 (1971), S. 1077-1079 
    ISSN: 0020-1650
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Marine Policy 11 (1987), S. 313-315 
    ISSN: 0308-597X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 39 (1995), S. 81-86 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Food poisoning ; Climate change temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In recent years there have been several spells of high temperatures providing analogues for the conditions that might become more common as a result of the enhanced greenhouse effect. Statistical models were developed of the relationship between the monthly incidence of food poisoning and temperatures and these were then used to provide estimates of the possible effects of future warmer summers. Routinely collected data on the number of reported cases of food poisoning were analysed for the years 1982–1991. Regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between the monthly incidence of food poisoning and temperatures of the same and the previous month. Published scenarios for future temperatures were applied to these statistical models to provide estimates of the possible impacts of warmer conditions. The monthly incidence of food poisoning was found to be significantly associated with the temperature of the same and of the previous month with the latter having the stronger effect. Using published data on the relationship between reported and actual numbers of cases of food poisoning, it is estimated that annually there might be an additional 179 000 cases of food poisoning by the year 2050 as a result of climate change. The observed relationship with the same month's temperature underlines the need for improvements in storage, preparation and hygiene close to the point of consumption. However, there was a much stronger relationship with the temperature of the previous month, indicating the importance of conditions earlier in the food production process. Improvements in areas such as animal husbandry and slaughtering may also be necessary to avoid the adverse effects of a warmer climate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 38 (1995), S. 141-147 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Climate change ; Winter mortality ; Temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In Britain death rates from several important causes, particularly circulatory and respiratory diseases, rise markedly during the colder winter months. This close association between temperature and mortality suggests that climate change as a result of global warming may lead to a future reduction in excess winter deaths. This paper gives a brief introductory review of the literature on the links between cold conditions and health, and statistical models are subsequently developed of the associations between temperature and monthly mortality rates for the years 1968 to 1988 for England and Wales. Other factors, particularly the occurrence of influenza epidemics, are also taken into account. Highly significant negative associations were found between temperature and death rates from all causes and from chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. The statistical models developed from this analysis were used to compare death rates for current conditions with those that might be expected to occur in a future warmer climate. The results indicate that the higher temperatures predicted for 2050 might result in nearly 9000 fewer winter deaths each year with the largest contribution being from mortality from ischaemic heart disease. However, these preliminary estimates might change when further research is able to make into account a number of additional factors affecting the relationship between mortality and climate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 329 (1987), S. 386-386 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-The University Grants Committee's Report of the Earth Sciences Review concludes that resources in this area in the United Kingdom are too thinly spread and that significant benefits would result from their concentration into a smaller number of large departments. Although several reasons are ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 7 (1872), S. 26-26 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IT is with as much pain as surprise that I notice in your impression of last Thursday a most unfair as well as ungenerous attack upon the botanical establishment at Kew under Dr. Hooker. It is not within my province to discuss the inaccuracies upon which the insinuations of bad cultivation are ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 272 (1994), S. 1175-1189 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Sodium-polyacrylate ; calcite-dispersion ; colloidal-stability ; slurry-viscosity ; paper
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The stabilising action of sodium polyacrylate on colloidal dispersions of calcite has been investigated through measurement of viscosity, ion concentration and electrophoretic mobility. The dose of sodium polyacrylate was in the range 0 to 28 mg per g of calcite and the dispersions were prepared at a sodids content of 70% (by weight). The ionic strength of the dispersions, ca. 0.005 to 0.5, increased with dose. An increase in divalent ion concentration with dose was attributed to sodium polyacrylate-ion exchange. The stabilising action of sodium polyacrylate was evident from the sharp fall in viscosity observed at low levels of addition, and the invariance of this low viscosity throughout the remainder of the dose range. The stability of the dispersions at low doses was quantified by DLVO theory and attributed to electric double layer (EDL) repulsion. However, at higher doses, and with the resultant EDL compression, DLVO theory was found inadequate. Instead, recourse was made to steric stabilisation theories in order to explain the observed stability. A model was formulated to characterise the observed multilayer uptake of polyacrylate at higher doses. The steric repulsion evaluated using this model increased with dose and explained the observed higher dose stability. The stability over the dose ranges 〈2, 2 to 6, and 〉6 mg per g is best described as arising from, respectively, electrostatic, electrosteric and steric repulsions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    GeoJournal 26 (1992), S. 7-12 
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Abstract Predicted changes in temperature during the next century and the possibility of substantial depletion of stratospheric ozone would represent an unprecedently rapid change in the global environment with enormous effects including important impacts on human health. These are likely to be most obvious in the Third World where some areas can expect an intensification of existing major health hazards: an increased frequency of floods and storms; changes to the availability of food and good quality domestic water supplies and climate-related changes in the ecology of insect vectors for diseases such as malaria. In developed countries significant impacts can also be anticipated. More frequent episodes of hot weather could be associated with more food poisoning and with increases in deaths from circulatory diseases. These might be offset by lower mortality rates in warmer winters. Exposure to photochemical atmospheric pollution is likely to increase. Stratospheric ozone depletion together with more exposure to sun in warmer weather could accelerate the existing rise in the incidence of skin cancer and increase the risk of cataracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This study assesses selected impacts on tertiary activities of the anomalously hot summer of 1995 and warm period from November 1994 through October 1995 in the U.K. Over this period, the mean Central England temperature was 1.6 °C above the 1961–1990 normal, representing the highest mean 12-month temperature since the start of the Central England temperature record in 1659. The study is distinguished by its breadth of coverage, for it includes tertiary sectors and activities. Although impacts in tertiary activities are often not included in assessments of the potential impacts of climatic change, many of these activities are very important to the U.K. economy, and therefore even a small perturbation in output due to a weather extreme can have significant implications for the economy as a whole. The activities and sectors studied include energy consumption, retailing and manufacturing, construction and buildings, tourism, health, human behaviour, and fires. Both negative and positive impacts were incurred within most sectors. Net positive impacts (to the general public) were found convincingly for energy consumption and health, and clear negative impacts for buildings insurance and fires. Sectors which show clear differences in their response to winter and summer warm anomalies are energy consumption, tourism and health (greater sensitivity to winter anomalies) and buildings insurance and fires (greater sensitivity to summer anomalies). Changes in sensitivity to climate extremes may have occurred over time, and a comparison of impacts of the 1995 anomalous weather with the unusually warm dry period of 1975–1976 is approached for several series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 984-994 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The use of microporous membranes has been examined for the recovery of precipitated protein suspensions and related soluble protein. Membrane flux rates and soluble protein transmissions are reported for unstirred batch-cell studies and cross-flow experiments. The unstirred batch-cell gave soluble protein transmissions in the range 80-100% for feeds containing either soluble protein or a mix of soluble and isoelectrically precipitated protein. In all cases a sharp decline in flux was observed which was, for example, considerably greater for soluble protein at its isoelectric point, pH 4.6, than at pH 8.8. The presence of precipitated protein led to a further decrease in flux rate. In cross-flow studies, flux decline was eventually accompanied by a significant decline in soluble protein transmission. The flux protein-transmission characteristics of microporous membranes are discussed in terms of the interaction of the soluble and precipitated protein with the membrane.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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