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  • 11
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    Fluctuations in the microwave background at large angular scale (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The measurements of fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background are shown to be consistent with the first order anisotropy at the level of about one part in a thousand and the limits of about one part in three thousand for fluctuations on any other scale. It is suggested that the first order anisotropy is due to the motion of the solar system relative to the radiation. This interpretation is evidence supporting the Cosmological Principle. The observed isotropy of the cosmic microwave background contradicts the concept of an indefinite hierarchy of clustering in the universe.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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  • 12
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    Search for cosmic-ray antimatter (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: It appears probable that some fraction of the cosmic rays has extragalactic origin. A search for antimatter nuclei was conducted with the aid of a balloon-borne superconducting magnetic spectrometer. The investigation made use of the fact that matter and antimatter nuclei, because of their opposite signs of charge, would be deflected in opposite directions when passing through a magnetic field. The antimatter flux limits set by the experiments are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Physical Review Letters; 35; July 28
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  • 13
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    Measurement of the positron-electron ratio in the primary cosmic rays from 5 to 50 GeV (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Physical Review Letters; 33; July 1
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  • 14
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    Abundances and spectra for cosmic-ray nuclei from lithium to iron for 2 to 150 GeV per nucleon (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Measurements of primary cosmic-ray composition and energy spectra made with a balloon-borne superconducting magnetic spectrometer are described. Results for both 6.7 g/sq cm equivalent vertical atmospheric depth and the top of the atmosphere are presented for the absolute and relative integral abundances, the differential energy spectra, and the spectral indices for cosmic-ray nuclei from Li to Fe and energies of 2 to 50 GeV/n. It is found that propagation effects can explain essentially all the elemental abundances, that the abundances of Li, Be, and B for rigidities below 10 GV/c are consistent with an energy-independent mean interstellar path length of 4.5 + or - 0.5 g/sq cm for the 'leaky box' propagation model, that the abundances of all elements above 10 GV/c are consistent with a path length that decreases as the inverse n-th power of rigidity, and that n equals 0.6 (+0.4, -0.3) for the simplest assumptions made in fitting the source spectra.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 226
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  • 15
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    A Bremsstrahlung-identification technique for cosmic ray electrons and positrons (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Res. in the Space Sci., vol. 1, no. 3,; 32 p
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  • 16
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    Structure in the COBE differential microwave radiometer first-year maps (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Results of the first year of data from the differential microwave radiometers on the Cosmic Background Explorer are presented. Statistically significant structure that is well described as scale-invariant fluctuations with a Gaussian distribution is shown. The rms sky variation, smoothed to a total 10-deg FWHM Gaussian, is 30 +/-5 micro-K for Galactic latitude greater than 20-deg data with the dipole anisotropy removed. The rms cosmic quadrupole amplitude is 13 +/-4 micro-K. The angular autocorrelation of the signal in each radiometer channel and cross-correlation between channels are consistent and give a primordial fluctuation power-law spectrum with index of 1.1 +/-0.5, and an rms-quadrupole-normalized amplitude of 16 +/-4 micro-K. These features are in accord with the Harrison-Zel'dovich spectrum predicted by models of inflationary cosmology.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 396; 1, Se; L1-L5
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  • 17
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    Preliminary DMR measurements of the CMB isotropy (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The COBE Differential Microwave Radiometers (DMR) instrument has produced preliminary full-sky maps at frequencies 31.5, 53, and 90 GHz. The redundant channels and matched beams at three frequencies distinguish the DMR from previous large-scale surveys. Galactic emission is seen unambiguously at all three frequencies. The only large-scale anisotropy detected in the cosmic microwave background is the dipole anisotropy. There is no clear evidence for any other large-angular-scale feature in the maps. Without correcting for any systematic effects, we are able to place limits DeltaT/T sub 0 less than 3 x 10 exp -5 for the rms quadrupole amplitude, DeltaT/T sub 0 less than 4 x 10 exp -5 for monochromatic fluctuations, and DeltaT/T sub 0 less than 4 x 10 exp -5 for Gaussian fluctuations (all limits are 95 percent C.L. with TO = 2.735 K). The data limit DeltaT/T sub 0 less than 10 exp -4 for any feature larger than 7 deg. We briefly review the DMR and discuss some implications of these results in cosmology.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: In: After the first three minutes; Proceedings of the 1st Astrophysics Workshop, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, Oct. 15-17, 1990 (A93-23605 07-90); p. 95-106.
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  • 18
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    Measurement of separate electron and positron spectra in the primary cosmic rays from 5 to 50 GeV (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A magnetic spectrometer and lead-plate spark chamber have been used to measure separate primary cosmic-ray electrons and positrons up to 50 GeV. Separation of these particles from the background was accomplished with a new technique combining both selective trigger and observation, in the lead-plate chamber, of bremsstrahlung photons that were created in a thin radiator placed above the spectrometer. The results of efficiency and rejection calibrations with accelerator tests and Monte Carlo calculations are presented, as well as preliminary data from a balloon-flight exposure of the apparatus.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Aug 17, 1973 - Aug 30, 1973; Denver, CO
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  • 19
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    Search for antinuclei in the primary cosmic rays (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Results of a search for primary cosmic-ray antinuclei with charges 2 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 26 with rigidities above 5 GV/c using a second-generation superconducting magnetic spectrometer with an average bending power of 5.1 kG-m. The addition of new data doubles the sample of cosmic-ray nuclei previously reported and greatly increases the percentage of the more highly charged nuclei.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Aug 17, 1973 - Aug 30, 1973; Denver, CO
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  • 20
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    Interpretation of the cosmic microwave background radiation anisotropy detected by the COBE Differential Microwave Radiometer (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The large-scale cosmic background anisotropy detected by the COBE Differential Microwave Radiometer (DMR) instrument is compared to the sensitive previous measurements on various angular scales, and to the predictions of a wide variety of models of structure formation driven by gravitational instability. The observed anisotropy is consistent with all previously measured upper limits and with a number of dynamical models of structure formation. For example, the data agree with an unbiased cold dark matter (CDM) model with H0 = 50 km/s Mpc and Delta-M/M = 1 in a 16 Mpc radius sphere. Other models, such as CDM plus massive neutrinos (hot dark matter (HDM)), or CDM with a nonzero cosmological constant are also consistent with the COBE detection and can provide the extra power seen on 5-10,000 km/s scales.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 396; 1, Se; L13-L18
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