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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (7,845)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (1,920)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of minimum thickness and terraced free-standing films of block copolymers (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 3081-3093 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: block copolymers ; thin films ; cross-sectional TEM ; terraces ; defects ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The morphologies of thin, substrate-free block copolymer films have been examined by cross-sectional TEM. Two poly(styrene-b-butadiene) diblock copolymers were studied: one that forms PS cylinders and the other that forms PB cylinders in the bulk. Films were annealed while supported by metal TEM grids, embedded, and ultramicrotomed in crosssection. We find that at the metal support the film forms a meniscus-like region, or Plateau border, which exhibits the bulk morphology. Away from the border, the film thickness decreases and regions of terraced in-plane cylinder domains occur until a minimum thickness is reached. The minimum thickness region of the PB majority copolymer in cross-section shows a PS interlayer penetrated by a hexagonal array of circular PB channels that connect upper and lower PB surface layers, and a total thickness of 25-27 nm. The minimum thickness region of the PS majority copolymer in plan view shows no image contrast, but in cross-section reveals a continuous PS interlayer covered by layers of PB, and a total thickness of 20 nm. Comparisons with the chain dimensions suggest a bilayer arrangement for both morphologies with strongly perturbed chain conformations in the surface layers. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copper speciation by analytical electron spectroscopies: Case of the intercalation phase Cu0.5V2O5 · 0.5H2O (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 19 (1992), S. 513-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Octahedral-Cu(II) and Cu(I) species have been found on the surface of the intercalation phase Cu0.5V2O5 · 0.5H2O by XPS and x-ray-excited Auger Electron Spectroscopy (XAES). The reduced species appears more abundant in the surface region, as indicated by variable-angle XPS measurements. Reduction or dehydration of the substance preserve its qualitative composition, confirming Cu speciation and showing that water is not Cu-bonded. Vanadium chemistry is in good agreement with results obtained on copper speciation, which consider an intermediate electronic strucure between VO2 and V2O5 for the intercalation phase.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740190195
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methods of calculating the physical acation of flame retardants (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 1 (1976), S. 85-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The chemical mechanisms for the action of flame retardants are often mentioned in the literature but the physical modes of action are seldom. Discussed. This article presents one way to quantify their efficiency. The technique is based on literature data for the physical and thermal properties of flams retardants for temperatures from 25°C up to 1000°C. The prolongation of the time to ignition by heat absorption by the retardant and the amount of inert gas evolved by the retardant are calculated at a given radiation for a material flame-proofed with a given amount of the flame retardant. The ability to form an insulating surface layer is considered but not quantified. It is assumed that a medium density wood fibre building boards is treated with 2 kg of flame retardant per m2. The flame retardants included are borates, boric acid, phosphates and silicates. The board is assumed to be irradiated with an intensity of 15 k W m-2. Under these conditions an untreated board ignites after 6-7 min. The time to ignition is prolonged by 1-5 min through heat absorption by the different retardants, and the amount of inert gases evolved may be as high as 2.6 m3 per m2 board. The formation of an insulating surface layer is more difficult to quantify. The results confirm the importance of the physical modes of action of flame retardants and the technique could form the basis for evaluating materials in simulated fire situations.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810010302
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low energy electron loss studies of cuInSe2 surfaces (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 4 (1982), S. 227-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The low energy loss spectra (LELS) of clean and oxygen contaminated (111) p-type CuInSe 2 single crystals are reported. Losses due to interband transitions and plasmon excitations are observed. By varying the primary electron energy (100-500 eV) both surface and bulk features of the conduction bands are probed. As oxygen is adsorbed on the surface of the CuInSe 2 (at room temperature), the In and Se atoms seem to associate with themselves and with oxygen, whereas the Cu atoms do not seem to play a direct role in the oxidation process. LELS Spectra are presented as a function of primary beam energy and oxygen absorption.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740040602
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface structure and NiO dispersion for NiO/γ-Al2O3 catalysts (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 4 (1982), S. 234-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Chemisorption of CO at temperatures below 100°C has been used to evaluate the dispersion of NiO in a series of NiO/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. CO adsorption measurements were supplemented by i.r. spectroscopy to establish the CO/NiO stoichiometry. From monolayer coverage data derived from Freundlich's equation, the percentage of NiO dispersion and the average NiO crystallite size were calculated. The crystallite size of supported NiO was found to be practically constant for NiO loadings from 1 to 8 wt%, experimenting an abrupt increase for higher NiO contents. These results were consistent with additional information on the surface structure of the catalysts obtained by IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, and reduction with H2.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740040604
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organometallic polymers. XXV. Preparation of polyvinylferrocene (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 1213-1224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthetic details of solution polymerization in benzene and bulk polymerization of vinylferrocene are reported. In benzene solutions, with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator, small yields of low-polydispersity low molecular weight (M̄n ≃ 5000) polyvinylferrocene is obtained. However, high yields can be obtained by continuous or multiple AIBN addition. Higher molecular weight polymers and binodal polymers can be obtained as the monomer concentration is increased. In bulk polymerizations, yields of 80% can be obtained. The molecular weight increases as temperature decreases from 80 to 60°C in bulk polymerizations, and an increasing amount of insoluble polymer results. The soluble portion is often binodal, the higher molecular weight node consisting of an increasingly branched structure. Lower molecular weight polymer was readily fractionated into narrow fractions from benzene-methanol systems, but higher molecular weight polymer proved impossible to fractionate into narrow fractions due to branching.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1973.170110609
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cationic starch-polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer latexesPresented at the 8th Great Lakes Regional Meeting, American Chemical Society, West Lafayette, Indiana, June 3-5, 1974. (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 12 (1974), S. 2683-2692 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Acrylonitrile (AN) was graft-polymerized onto gelatinized cationic starch (CS) possessing diethylaminoethyl ether groups by cerium (IV) initiation to give stable latexlike copolymer dispersions. Dispersions of the latex copolymers, having up to 50% grafted polyacrylonitrile (PAN), air- and heat-dry on glass to clear, adhesive films. Sonification of up to 8% dispersions at 20 Khz reduced their viscosities from 1500-3000 cP to 15-40 cP. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that both nonsonified and sonified dispersions consist of ball-like particles measuring about 0.05-0.15 μ in diameter when dry. The films are formed by coalescence of these particles. The degree to which AN grafts onto CS at ambient temperature is related to the nitrogen content of CS, gelatinization time of CS at 95°C, sequence of AN and cerium(IV) addition, concentration of cerium (IV), concentration of AN, and severity of reaction agitation. Number-average molecular weight values of PAN were about 106 when grafting was conducted under stirring and about 5 × 105 when conducted under shaking action.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.170121122
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of epoxy resin synthesis on the basis of GPC measurements (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 2783-2786 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260827
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of water vapor plasma-modified polyimide (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 2189-2202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: To enhance polyimide-to-polyimide adhesion, we have investigated the effect of surface modification in water vapor plasma. The use of a water vapor plasma to treat a fully cured polyimide (PMDA-ODA) surface before subsequent layers of polyimide are applied results in dramatically enhanced interfacial adhesion. The polyimide-to-polyimide interfacial adhesion strength attained following water vapor plasma treatment exceeds the cohesive strength of the applied polyimide layer. The effect of surface modification in water vapor plasma on metal-to-polyimide adhesion has also been investigated. The use of a water vapor plasma to treat a fully cured polyimide (PMDA-ODA) surface prior to metallization results in increased metal-to-polymer interfacial adhesion. A study of both electroless and vacuum-deposited metal was conducted. The use of contact-angle measurements, peel tests, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, optical emission spectroscopy, nuclear forward scattering, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has led us to a preliminary understanding of the resulting surface modification and the subsequent effect of adhesion promotion. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070461216
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Storage hardening and “abnormal” groups in guayule rubberThis article was presented at the 27th IUPAC Congress, Helsinki, Finland, August 1979. (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 1511-1517 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The hardening process of natural (Hevea brasiliensis) rubber, that takes place when this rubber is stored in dry conditions over long periods of time, has been correlated with the presence of reactive “abnormal” groups directly grafted on the polymeric chain and in the serum of the latex. In the present work, natural Hevea (HR) and Guayule (Parthenium argentatum) rubber (GR) were stored under accelerated conditions and the changes in Mooney viscosity and molecular weight measured. The results showed that while HR undergoes hardening, GR keeps its Mooney viscosity constant, as does a constant viscosity (CV) Hevea rubber. These results are explained by the absence of functional “abnormal” groups that sustain the hardening reactions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260508
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