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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The CNRS and materials science policy in France (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 8 (1996), S. 381-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19960080502
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anodic Oxidation of Norcamphor in Aqueous Electrolytes (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 334 (1992), S. 37-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Norcamphor (1) was anodically oxidized at Pb/PbO2 anodes in 1 M · H2SO4, MeCN/H2O (V/V = 1/1). 3-Oxocyclopentaneacetic acid (3) and oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one (4) were obtained with material yields up to 76% and 42%, respectively. The effects of electrode materials, current densities and concentrations were studied. A possible anodic oxidation mechanism was proposed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19923340107
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New 2,5-dihydroimidazole-1-oxyls with functional side groups (N, O, S donors) (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1995 (1995), S. 2189-2194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Nitroxide radicals ; 2,5-Dihydroimidazoles ; Hydroxylamines, secondary ; α-Keto hydroxylamines ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of functionalized 2,5-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-R1-2-R2-4-R3-imidazoles were prepared by cyclocondensation of α-oxo hydroxylamines with ketones R1R2C = O in the presence of ammonia (R1 = R2 = 2-pyridyl, 4,5-diazafluoren-9-ylene, R3 = Me; R1 = CH2OCOMe, CH2OCOPh, 2-thienyl, CH2OH, CO2K, R2 = R3 = Me; R1 = Py, R2 = Me, R3 = Ph; R1 = R2 = CH2OCOPh, CH2OH, R3 = Me) and oxidized to the corresponding nitroxide radicals. The structures of 2′,5′-dihydro-1′-hydroxy-4′,5′,5′-trimethylspiro[4,5-diazafluoren-9,2′-imidazole] (2) and of 2-(acetoxymethyl)-2,5-dihydro-2,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazole-1-oxyl (14) were determined by X-ray diffraction. In the crystal 2 forms one-dimensional chains through hydrogen bonding between N atoms of the hydroxylamine and imidazoline groups.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.1995199512304
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lambda-carrageenan: A novel chiral selector for capillary electrophoresis (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 8 (1996), S. 503-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: enantioseparations ; carrageenans ; sulfated polysaccharides ; beta blockers ; tryptophan and derivatives ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Lambda-carrageenan, a linear high molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide, has been employed as a chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis for the separation of enantiomers of weakly basic pharmaceutical compounds. The racemic compounds that were enantioresolved included propranolol, pindolol, tryptophanol, laudanosine and laudanosoline. In addition, the diastereomeric pair of cinchonine and cinchonidine were also resolved. Method conditions such as buffer pH, electrolyte concentration, column temperature, and chiral selector concentration were found to be important for improvement of enantioselectivity. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers in dogs (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 3 (1991), S. 165-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: ibuprofen ; enantiomer ; stereoselectivity ; chiral inversion ; pharmacokinetics ; dog ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Inversion of inactive (R)-ibuprofen to active (S)-ibuprofen has been suggested to occur presystemically only. In order to investigate the site of inversion in dogs we administered both enantiomers either intravenously or intraduodenally (10 mg/kg) to adult, male beagle dogs (n = 3) in a crossover design. Plasma, urine, and bile were collected for up to 6 h and analyzed stereospecifically by HPLC, according to a previously published method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a linear computer program. Absorption after intraduodenal administration occurred rapidly, resulting in maximum plasma concentrations 0.2 h after giving the enantiomer. Approximately 70% of the (R)-enantiomer (according to AUC) was inverted to the S-enantiomer independent of route of administration. No R-ibuprofen could be detected in plasma after (S)-ibuprofen administration. Mean residence time was found to be 2 to 3 times longer for (S)-than for (R)-ibuprofen. Total systemic clearance from plasma was twice as high for (R)- than for (S)-ibuprofen. There were no differences between plasma clearances after intravenous and intraduodenal administration. Between 8 and 17% of dose was recovered in bile [especially as free and conjugated (S)-ibuprofen] and 3-12% in urine [as (S)-ibuprofen, hydroxy- and carboxyibuprofen, free and conjugated forms]. Small amounts of (R)-ibuprofen were detected in bile after intraduodenal administration of (R)-ibuprofen only (1.8% of dose). In short, the unidirectional inversion of R-ibuprofen appears to occur systemically rather than presystemically in dogs.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530030304
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanistic aspects of the biogenesis of rose oxide in Pelargonium graveolens L'Héritier (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 10 (1998), S. 229-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: deuterium labelling ; menthocitronellol ; citronellol ; enantioselective multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (enantio-MDGC-MS) ; dynamic headspace analysis ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mechanistic aspects of the biogenesis of the chiral monoterpenoid rose oxide in Pelargonium graveolens L'Héritier are investigated using deuterium-labelled precursors. After administration of the precursors using the cut-stem method, the dynamic headspace extracts of the plants are analysed using multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (enantio-MDGC-MS). It is unequivocally shown that this plant is able to convert citronellol and menthocitronellol into cis-/trans-rose oxide. Menthocitronellol is converted into rose oxide with a clearly detectable enantiodiscrimination. These facts may be explained with the presence of an oxidase, which is able to oxidize citronellol and menthocitronellol in allylic position. A photooxygenation mechanism including singlet oxygen as the oxidizing agent is rather unlikely. Chirality 10:229-237, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anodic dehalogenation of 1,2-dichloroethane in aqueous electrolytesDedicated to Professor Dr. Karl-Hans Simmrock on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 371-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A solution of 0.1 M 1,2-dichloroethane in 1 M H2SO4 was anodically converted to CO2, Cl2 and HCIO4 as the main products at smooth platinum. The current efficiency for CO2 exceeds 60% at low current densities, while HClO4 is obtained with about 20% current efficiency. Chlorinated products such as 1,2′,2-trichloroethane are formed in negligible amounts. Platinum plays a distinctive role as anode material and shows a reaction limited anodic prewave. Our experimental findings lead to a mechanism, whereby DCE is initially hydroxylated to form chloroacetaldehyde chlorohydrin which releases HCl and becomes rapidly further oxidized to monochloroacetic acid. The cleavage of the C—C bond proceeds via its anodic decarboxylation. Possible practical applications in the field of anodic water purification and in the direct electrosynthesis of vinyl chloride are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130150
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic characteristics of spinel type manganese mixed oxide/titanium composite anodes for electroorganic redox catalysisDedicated to Professor Dr. Hartmut Wendt on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 17 (1994), S. 338-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Manganese mixed oxide composite layers of about 1 μm thickness on titanium sheet as substrate were fabricated by firing of the corresponding nitrates at a typical temperature of 400°C in air. The activity of these anodes was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (10 mV/s) and the stability was determined by chronopotentiometry (2.5 mA/cm2) in 1M H2SO4. The oxidation of 2-propanol was examined as a simple electroorganic model reaction. The quality of a first category of mixed oxides with general composition MnMe2O4 decresed in the order Me = Co, Ni, Fe. In a second group with the general formula MeMn2O4 a decrease in the order Me = Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Ti, Zn, Cd, Ca, Mg, (Zn, Ge), Li was observed. The corresponding candidates of the second group were superior to those of the first. The anode service life τ of the optimum spinel anode CoMn2O4/Ti is dependent on the current density, according to jλ τ = const. (λ = 1.7). Thus high current densities are precluded. The mechanism has been discussed in terms of a heterogeneous redox catalysis: surface Mn(VII) states are formed in a slow electrochemical step. In a subsequent fast chemical oxidation of the organic molecule the original reduced state is regenerated. This also explains the comparatively good service life of these anodes.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270170508
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneous nucleating agents for polypropylene crystallization (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 673-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A model nucleating agent for polypropylene crystallization is described. A series of compounds consisting mainly of organocarboxylic acid salts is evaluated as heterogeneous nucleating agent for polypropylene crystallization by measuring their effect upon the polymer supercooling. Sodium benzoate and basic aluminium dibenzoate were among the best nucleating agents found. The nucleating abilities of the various compounds are discussed in terms of their structural features.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110505
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of halogenated compounds in the white rot fungus Bjerkandera adusta studied by membrane inlet mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 51 (1996), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: halogenated compounds ; basidiomycetes ; Bjerkander adusta ; flavors ; membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Membrane inlet mass spectrometry has been used for the characterization of halogenated organic compounds produced by the fungus Bjerkandera adusta. Using this technique we obtained electron impact-, chemical ionization-, electron capture negative chemical ionization-mass spectra and tandem mass spectra directly from the growth medium. Through this direct analysis of the samples we identified novel bioconversion products and confirmed recently published data on the production of both chlorinated and brominated methoxybenzaldehyde metabolites. Growth profiles of the culture grown on a defined medium showed that the production of secondary metabolites starts after approximately 6 days and reaches maximal concentrations of 25-250 μM after 15-20 days. Although delayed, the production of secondary metabolites paralleled a depletion of glucose from the medium and stopped shortly after all glucose had been consumed. Experiments in which fluoro- and bromo-labeled 4-methoxybenzaldehydes were added to the medium at day 8 showed biotransformation of these compounds into chloro-3-fluoro-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde and chloro-3-bromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, respectively. No dichlorinated products were observed, suggesting that halogenation takes place only at the meta position on the 4-methoxybenzaldehydes. These experiments are the first to bring direct evidence of a halogenation mechanism, where the enzymatic attack takes place directly on the 4-methoxybenzaldehyde intermediates. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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