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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (7,845)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (2,809)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on VOCl3/MgCl2/NaY/Al2Et3Cl3 complex support catalysts for the copolymerization of ethylene and propyleneThe work was financed by National Natural Science Foundation of China. (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 54 (1994), S. 1403-1408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Using VO2+ as a spin probe, a new method to obtain microenvironmental information on supports was developed which can be used in the choice of supports for coordination catalysts. Utilizing the above method, NaY was chosen as second support component. A complex support catalyst VOCl3/MgCl2/NaY/Al2Et3Cl3 was prepared and used in ethylene-propylene copolymerization. Higher polymerization activity was obtained with this catalytic system. Alternating the ratio of two kinds of supports, the composition and sequence structure of copolymers could be controlled, which showed that NaY participated in the active species, affected the insertion of monomer, and changed the composition and sequence structure of copolymers. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070541003
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of minimum thickness and terraced free-standing films of block copolymers (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 3081-3093 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: block copolymers ; thin films ; cross-sectional TEM ; terraces ; defects ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The morphologies of thin, substrate-free block copolymer films have been examined by cross-sectional TEM. Two poly(styrene-b-butadiene) diblock copolymers were studied: one that forms PS cylinders and the other that forms PB cylinders in the bulk. Films were annealed while supported by metal TEM grids, embedded, and ultramicrotomed in crosssection. We find that at the metal support the film forms a meniscus-like region, or Plateau border, which exhibits the bulk morphology. Away from the border, the film thickness decreases and regions of terraced in-plane cylinder domains occur until a minimum thickness is reached. The minimum thickness region of the PB majority copolymer in cross-section shows a PS interlayer penetrated by a hexagonal array of circular PB channels that connect upper and lower PB surface layers, and a total thickness of 25-27 nm. The minimum thickness region of the PS majority copolymer in plan view shows no image contrast, but in cross-section reveals a continuous PS interlayer covered by layers of PB, and a total thickness of 20 nm. Comparisons with the chain dimensions suggest a bilayer arrangement for both morphologies with strongly perturbed chain conformations in the surface layers. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-assembled structures of azobenzene amphiphiles: A new photorecording medium (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53 (1994), S. 687-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The self-assembly of azobenzene amphiphiles by themselves and in the presence of a nonionic polymer has been studied. The conditions that yield homeotropic and uniaxial films, i.e., the optical properties of a single crystal, by spin-coating were identified. It is shown that these films constitute a very sensitive write and erase recording medium. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070530519
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of hard segments of polyurethane on cell growth (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 41 (1996), S. 419-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: polyurethane ; cell growth ; phase separation ; hydrogen bonding index ; cytotoxicity ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyurethanes (PU) with suitable soft segments have been found to be good blood-compatible polymers and have attracted much attention recently. In this study, various molar amounts of 4,4′-methylene bisphenyl isocyanate reacted with poly(tetramethylene oxide) were synthesized to explore the optimal ratio of hard/soft segments for cell attachment and proliferation in in vitro systems. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to determine the physical properties, hydrogen bonding index (HBI) and transmission electron microscopy to observe the phase-separation phenomena in the materials, and 3T3 fibroblast to evaluate the dependence of the cell proliferation at 37°C on the material properties. Our results show that cell attachment and proliferation are closely related to the cell growth surface, which in turn is controlled by (1) the ratio of hard to total segment concentration and (2) the recrystallization temperature (Tc) of PU. To obtain a good cell growth surface, the ratio of hard to total segment concentration is found to be between 0.4 and 0.6, and HBI is between 1.5 and 2.1. Furthermore, when the Tc of PU is near the physiology temperature, a stable surface for cell growth can be provided. The shorter molecules in the soft segment region can rearrange the molecular chain at 37°C.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Terpene-anhydride resins as coating materials (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Low to moderate molecular weight terpene-anhydride resins were synthesized and evaluated in coatings applications. The terpenes used were terepinolene, β-pinene, and alloocimene. The comononmers used were maleic or itaconic anhydride. The terpene-anhydride resins were used to formulate solvent-borne coatings with an epoxy or diol as a coreactant. The coatings were evaluated as films over aluminum or steel panels. When a diol was used as a coreactant, the film properties were relatively poor. When epoxy was used as a coreactant, the properties of the films were much improved in terms of resistance to solvent and hardness. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580107
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of water vapor plasma-modified polyimide (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 2189-2202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: To enhance polyimide-to-polyimide adhesion, we have investigated the effect of surface modification in water vapor plasma. The use of a water vapor plasma to treat a fully cured polyimide (PMDA-ODA) surface before subsequent layers of polyimide are applied results in dramatically enhanced interfacial adhesion. The polyimide-to-polyimide interfacial adhesion strength attained following water vapor plasma treatment exceeds the cohesive strength of the applied polyimide layer. The effect of surface modification in water vapor plasma on metal-to-polyimide adhesion has also been investigated. The use of a water vapor plasma to treat a fully cured polyimide (PMDA-ODA) surface prior to metallization results in increased metal-to-polymer interfacial adhesion. A study of both electroless and vacuum-deposited metal was conducted. The use of contact-angle measurements, peel tests, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, optical emission spectroscopy, nuclear forward scattering, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has led us to a preliminary understanding of the resulting surface modification and the subsequent effect of adhesion promotion. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070461216
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks composed of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and vernonia oil (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 48 (1993), S. 953-968 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Semi-interpenetrating networks have been synthesized from vernonia oil-sebacic acid polyester network and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Bond interchange reactions during mixing of the two materials led to the formation of a miscible copolymer mixture, in which the vernonia oil was then cross-linked with sebacic acid. The materials were phase-separated, exhibiting two glass transitions, when the network was synthesized at 160°C, below the crystallization temperature of PET: however, a single stable glass transition (Tg) results after the material is heated to above the melting temperature of PET and cooled. When the vernonia polyester network was completely formed at 250°C, above the crystallization temperature of PET, noncrystalline, single-Tg material was created. The two-phase semi-IPNs were much tougher than were their constituent materials, with the 50% semi-IPN over 15 times tougher than the PET from which it was made and over 50 times tougher than the neat vernonia oil elastomer, with tensile energy to break of 1780 kJ/m3. The single-Tg material was nearly 2.5 times as tough as the two-phase material, with energy to break of 4400 kJ/m3. The microstructure of the two-phase 50% semi-IPN was investigated by transmission electron microscopy, which showed regularly shaped spherulites of 10-20 μm in diameter, as compared to irregularly shaped spherulites observed in a similar 50/50 castor oil urethane/PET semi-IPN, in which the network formed simultaneously with PET crystallization. Scanning electron microscopy of the semi-IPN fracture surfaces showed microscopic fibrils several hundred nanometers in diameter in both the two-phase and single-Tg materials, although only the two-phase semi-IPN had a macroscopically rough surface. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070480603
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of different cross-linking systems on properties of highly saturated nitrile rubber compounds (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 54 (1994), S. 1073-1078 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The peroxide curing of highly saturated nitrile rubber was analyzed. Reactions such as chain scission occurred that account for the drop in physical properties. The results are compared with an alternative cross-linking that is currently being assessed. With a new curing agent the chain-scission reaction was not present and the properties of the compounds were improved. Finally, an estimation of the free volume of the materials tested was attempted by using the WLF equation. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070540809
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance of maleic anhydride copolymers and their half esters (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 12 (1968), S. 2191-2200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Infrared and NMR group-type methods for the analysis of the anhydride content of maleic anhydride copolymers such as poly(maleic anhydride-co-α-olefin) and the half ester content of their reaction products with alcohols are described. The infrared analyses are based on the integrated absorptivities of the anhydride carbonyl and the combination of the acid and ester carbonyl. The NMR method is based on the intensities of the various chemically shifted groups in the copolymer. The use of dimethyl sulfoxide as an auxiliary solvent has made the infrared analysis possible.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1968.070121001
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Storage hardening and “abnormal” groups in guayule rubberThis article was presented at the 27th IUPAC Congress, Helsinki, Finland, August 1979. (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 1511-1517 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The hardening process of natural (Hevea brasiliensis) rubber, that takes place when this rubber is stored in dry conditions over long periods of time, has been correlated with the presence of reactive “abnormal” groups directly grafted on the polymeric chain and in the serum of the latex. In the present work, natural Hevea (HR) and Guayule (Parthenium argentatum) rubber (GR) were stored under accelerated conditions and the changes in Mooney viscosity and molecular weight measured. The results showed that while HR undergoes hardening, GR keeps its Mooney viscosity constant, as does a constant viscosity (CV) Hevea rubber. These results are explained by the absence of functional “abnormal” groups that sustain the hardening reactions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260508
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