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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complete surfaces of at most quadratic area growth (1997)
    Springer
    Commentarii mathematici Helvetici 72 (1997), S. 67-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8946
    Keywords: Key words. Riemannian manifold, Gaussian curvature, total curvature, finite topological type.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. In this article, we study complete surfaces with finite topological type and has at most quadratic area growth. In particular, we show that if the curvature of such a surface does not change sign, then it must be of finite total curvature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00000367
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depressurization of natural gas hydrates in berea sandstone cores (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 8 (1990), S. 71-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Depressurization ; dissociation ; gas hydrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract D. W. Davidsonet al. [7] were among the first to recognize significant deposits of natural gas clathrate hydrates in the Western Hemisphere. This work discusses the recovery of gas from such deposits, through laboratory measurement and modeling of a depressurization scheme. The work provides a determination of the volume of gas produced and the position of the hydrate interface, as a function of time when a hydrate-containing core is depressurized. A moving boundary model is shown to provide a satisfactory fit to hydrate dissociation measurements. Qualitative information is provided concerning hydrate formation in Berea Sandstone cores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01131289
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical Modelling Of Turbulent Airflow Over Water Waves (2000)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 95 (2000), S. 397-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Keywords: NLMSFD ; Wind waves ; Second-order closure schemes ; Wave age ; Growth rate parameter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A nonlinear numerical model is developed for turbulent boundary-layer flowover a train of water waves of finite amplitude or slope. The airflow isassumed to be steady, two-dimensional, and neutrally-stratified. The wavesurface is assumed to be aerodynamically rough and flow conditions at thewave surface are prescribed. The numerical model used in this study adoptsthree turbulence closure schemes with different degrees of physicalcompleteness. Two of these are second-order schemes, whichare believed to describe turbulent flow more completely than thesimpler closures used in most previous studies. Although models with all turbulence closures agree qualitatively in the prediction of the amplitude of the surface normal stress perturbation, the lower- and higher-order closures differ significantly in predictions of phase, and hence the form drag and energy transfer rate between wind and waves. Our model results are in reasonable agreement with field and laboratory measurements, although predicted energy transfer rates are generally at the low end of the range of experimental values. Cases with airflow at various angles to the wave direction are also considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002677312259
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Fe3O4/poly(styrene-co-N-isopropylacrylamide) magnetic particles with temperature sensitivity (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 459-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Thermosensitive ; Magnetic ; Particle ; Characterization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The average diameter, diameter distribution and surface morphology of Fe3O4/poly(styrene-co-N-isopropylacrylamide)[P(St-NIPAM)] particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The copolymer structure was confirmed by IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and elemental analysis. The content of Fe3O4 entrapped in the particles was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. A coarse structure was observed on the surface of the Fe3O4/P(St-NIPAM) particles. The hydrodynamic diameter of the Fe3O4/P(St-NIPAM) particles was found to exhibit about a 15% decrease in diameter on changing the temperature from 25 to 40 °C. The results also showed that Fe3O4/P(St-NIPAM) an advantage of exploited magnetic separation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050539
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of nonautonomous Tc1-like transposable elements of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) (1999)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 21 (1999), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: cloning ; gene evolution ; genomic architecture ; Tc1 element ; transposase ; transposon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Putative nonautonomous transposable elements from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were identified. They were named Tipnon elements for Tc1-like transposable elements from channel catfish that are nonautonomous. These elements were defined by their terminal repeats that share identity to members of the known Tc1/mariner transposon superfamily. They show structural similarities to Tc1-like elements, but share little sequence identity beyond the terminal inverted repeats. They do not harbor any amino acid blocks that show similarities to the Tc1-like or other transposases and thus may represent truly nonautonomous transposons in channel catfish. They are abundant in the channel catfish genome with a copy number of 32 000, having 500 base pair per copy, this family of nonautonomous transposon-like elements account for 1.6% of the channel catfish genomic DNA. Their high abundance and transposon-like terminal repeats indicate that they may play important roles in gene evolution and in genomic architecture of catfish. Similarity search for potential coding capacity of the Tipnon elements revealed that they contain sequence blocks that can potentially encode amino acid blocks similar to the para-type sodium channel proteins in cockroaches or house flies, proteins that function in the central nervous system as voltage-gated sodium transporters. Sequences surrounding the terminal inverted repeats are divergent from those used by the reconstructed Sleeping Beauty fish transposase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007710212254
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic breakdown in zinc (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 12 (1973), S. 255-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The magnetic breakdown field between the second and third zones in zinc has been determined from measurements of the absolute amplitude of the de Haas-van Alphen oscillations of the needles by a torque method. By taking the measurements to lower magnetic field and by calculating the curvature of the needles we are able to determine the value of the breakdown field with much greater certainty than previously. With the external field along thec axis, the breakdown field is found to be 3.5±0.3 kG. As the external field is tipped away from thec axis, the breakdown field is found to vary with angle as though the energy gap between the zones were 6.75(1+2.28 cos ϑ) meV for ϑ from 0 to 80°. The Dingle temperature was found to be isotropic within 0.1 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00654863
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of scattering on magnetic breakdown (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 22 (1976), S. 535-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A study of magnetic breakdown between the third zone needles and second zone monster surfaces in the three zinc alloy systemsZnMn,ZnCr, andZnFe shows that the tunneling probability is strongly reduced by electron scattering and that the breakdown fieldH 0 increases linearly with the Dingle temperatureX with a scaling factor of 0.36 kG/K for all alloys. This phenomenon may be understood if we allow the electrons to be scattered during their tunneling through the forbidden region ofk space. A simple semiclassical calculation of this effect yields an expression for the breakdown probability corrected from the conventional expression toP=exp[−(1/H)(H0+αX)], where α is a constant dependent only on the band structure of the solvent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00659059
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations of electric dipole fields in type II superconductors during flux flow (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 43 (1981), S. 165-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electric dipole fields in the mixed state of rectangular superconducting foils are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. These fields are generated by imposing an ac current to a contact pair during steady flux flow driven by a transport current and are measured using a second, movable contact pair. Theory predicts that the electric dipole field can be described by an anisotropic flux flow conductivity, whose components Σ x and Σ y are related by Σ x /Σ y =1−(j c /j∥) cos2 γ, where j∥ is the dc current density, j c is the dynamic critical current density, and γ is the field angle. Except for low j∥ values at the threshold of flux flow, good agreement with experiment is found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00118629
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sol-gel processing of lithium disilicate (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 4076-4086 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Lithium silicate powders were prepared by several sol-gel routes. Starting solutions contained equimolar amounts of lithium and silicon, but single-phase lithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5) formed only when local stoichiometry was maintained through gelation and drying. Gels prepared from solutions containing LiNO3, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), water and ethanol were visibly homogeneous, but on drying the local stoichiometry was upset by the recrystallization of LiNO3. Consequently, a lithium-rich phase (Li2SiO3) was the first to crystallize on heating with a lesser amount of Li2Si2O5 forming at a higher temperature. Solutions containing TEOS and lithium methoxide formed a precipitate when combined with a water/ethanol hydrolysis solution. The precipitate dissolved before gelation, but the resulting powders crystallized into a mixture of Li2SiO3 and Li2Si2O5. The relative amount of Li2Si2O5 could be increased by adding HNO3 to the hydrolysis solution and using lower water contents. Precipitation was avoided by partially hydrolysing TEOS before adding the lithium alkoxide; these powders crystallized directly into Li2Si2O5 after heating at 550 °C. Gel-derived powders prepared using an Li-Si methoxyethoxide solution also crystallized directly into Li2Si2O5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00360711
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creep crack propagation at elevated temperature in a heat-resistant steel (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 3692-3697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The creep crack propagation behaviour of a 25 Cr-20 Ni heat-resistant steel at 1103 to 1163 K has been studied using a CT-specimen with a thickness of 3 to 9 mm. With increasing specimen thickness, the crack growth rates increase in the thickness range 6 to 9 mm but remain almost constant in the range 3 to 6 mm. The temperature dependence of crack growth rates can be related to a thermally activated process of creep crack propagation. A creep mechanism is suggested to be the rate controlling process of creep crack propagation. The activation energy of creep crack propagation increases with increasing stress intensity factor. The effect of microstructure on crack growth rates shows that the as-cast specimen has a much higher crack growth rate than specimens pre-aged for 1500 to 8000 h and the specimen aged for 5000 h has the optimum crack propagation resistance. The characteristics of creep crack propagation are explained by the variation of microstructure with ageing, especially the size, distribution and stability of secondary carbides and the morphology of eutectic carbides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540516
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