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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 3 (1931), S. 197-204 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 1 (1929), S. 33-40 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 3 (1931), S. 15-28 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 58 (1931), S. 422-433 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 13 (1964), S. 303-351 
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Climatic variations, primarily within the past 100 years, are investigated by means of the deviations from running 10-year means of atmospheric pressure, temperature, precipitation, and duration of sunshine. Since the beginning of observations in 1755, the years between 1941 and 1952 appear as the climatic optimum, with least precipitation, highest temperature, and greatest duration of sunshine. The Swiss glaciers have shown their greatest recession during the decade 1945–1954. Since then, atmospheric pressure and temperature have tended to return towards their secular averages, precipitation has appreciably surpassed its average, and duration of sunshine has dropped below its normal value. Hence, the last period had predominantly maritime character. Some of the smaller glaciers have shown advances.
    Abstract: Résumé On examine les fluctuations du climat de ces 100 dernières années au moyen des moyennes glissantes décennales des variations des éléments météorologiques suivants: pression, température, précipitations et durée d'insolation. L'optimum du climat de la période séparant le début des observations (1755) à nos jours semble se situer entre 1941 et 1952. Durant ces années-là, on a eu le moins de précipitations, les plus hautes températures et la plus grande insolation. Le retrait des glaciers suisses fut le plus prononcé durant la décennie 1945 à 1954. Depuis lors, la pression et la température se rapprochent de nouveau de la moyenne longue. Les précipitations sont de nouveau plus abondantes que la normale, et cela de façon sensible, alors que la durée d'insolation est inférieure à la normale. La dernière période a présenté un caractère essentiellement maritime. Les petits glaciers recommencent à croître.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Anhand von zehnjährig übergreifend gemittelten Abweichungen der Klimaelemente Luftdruck, Temperatur, Niederschlag und Sonnenschein werden die Klimaschwankungen vornehmlich der letzten hundert Jahre untersucht. Als Klima-Optimum der gesamten Periode seit Beginn der Messungen (ab 1755) erscheint die Epoche 1941–1952. Während dieser Zeit herrschten bei geringstem Niederschlag die höchsten Temperaturen und die größte Sonnenscheindauer. Die schweizerischen Gletscher erlitten während des Dezenniums 1945–1954 ihren stärksten Schwund. Seither streben Luftdruck und Temperatur wieder den langjährigen Durchschnittswerten zu. Die Niederschlagsmengen überschritten die Mittelwerte wieder nennenswert, die Sonnenscheindauer sank unter die Normalwerte ab. Die letzte Periode trug damit vorwiegend maritime Merkmale. Bei den kleinen Gletschern wurden wieder Vorstöße beobachtet.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 16 (1963), S. 76-85 
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The variations in the length of the day are found to be equal in phase to the oscillation of the atmospheric pressure gradient occurring between 45 and 65 degrees south. This rhythm manifests itself in the annual mean as well as in the course of the 60 months of the years 1957 to 1961. The rhythm that seems to be overaccidental may be explained with regard to phase and amplitude in the following way: The variations in the length of the day are produced by the pushing or braking of the lithosphere on which the atmosphere is acting by its monsoons or trade winds. The outertropical westerlies that are blowing parallel to the tropical wind would be able to compensate the pushing and braking effects if they, too, were directly acting on the lithosphere. As, however, in the region of the westerlies the hydrosphere assumes all angular momentum and apparently passes it on to the lithosphere after considerable delay, the variations in the length of the day are caused which essentially consist of the second and first harmonics.
    Abstract: Résumé Les variations de la longueur du jour sidéral suivent le rythme du gradient de pression atmosphérique rencontré entre le 45e et 65e degré de latitude Sud. Elles se manifestent dans la moyenne annuelle aussi bien que dans la période des soixants mois des années de 1957 à 1961. Cette homogénéité super-aléatoire du rythme qui se montre également dans la phase et dans l'amplitude pourrait être expliquée par le fait que les variations de la longueur du jour sidéral sont directement produites par la poussée et le freinage de la lithosphère sur lequel agit l'atmosphère par ses moussons et ses vents alizés. Les vents extra-tropicaux d'ouest qui soufflent parallèlement aux vents tropicaux seraient à même de compenser les effets de la poussée et du freinage des vents tropicaux pourvu qu'ils agissent de même immédiatement sur la lithosphère. Comme, cependant, dans la région des braves vents d'ouest l'hydrosphère attire tout le moment angulaire et le passe, probablement après un long délai, au lithosphère, il se produit les variations de longueur du jour sidéral, qui se composent essentiellement d'une oscillation harmonique semestrielle et annuelle.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Änderung der Sterntaglänge schwankt im Rhythmus des Luftdruckgefälles zwischen 45 und 65° Süd sowohl im mittleren Jahresgang als auch im Ablauf der sechzig Monate der Jahre 1957–1961. Dieser überzufällige Gleichgang in Phase und Amplitude läßt sich so erklären, daß die Schwankungen der Tageslänge direkt durch den Schub oder die Bremsung der Lithosphäre, auf welche die Atmosphäre mit ihren Monsunen oder Passaten wirkt, erzeugt werden. Die den schwankenden Tropenwinden parallel gehenden außertropischen Westwinde würden voll die schiebende oder bremsende Wirkung der Tropenwinde kompensieren, wenn sie auch direkt die Lithosphäre erfaßten. Da nun aber im Gebiet der braven Westwinde die Hydrosphäre den gesamten Drehimpuls übernimmt und ihn wohl erst mit großer Verzögerung an die Lithosphäre weiterreicht, tritt die Änderung der Tageslänge auf, die sich im wesentlichen harmonisch aus einer halbjährlichen und einer jährlichen Welle zusammensetzt.
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2015-09-25
    Description: Background: There are no commercially available vaccines against human protozoan parasitic diseases, despite the success of vaccination-induced long-term protection against infectious diseases. East Coast fever, caused by the protist Theileria parva, kills one million cattle each year in sub-Saharan Africa, and contributes significantly to hunger and poverty in the region. A highly effective, live, multi-isolate vaccine against T. parva exists, but its component isolates have not been characterized. Here we sequence and compare the three component T. parva stocks within this vaccine, the Muguga Cocktail, namely Muguga, Kiambu5 and Serengeti-transformed, aiming to identify genomic features that contribute to vaccine efficacy. Results: We find that Serengeti-transformed, originally isolated from the wildlife carrier, the African Cape buffalo, is remarkably and unexpectedly similar to the Muguga isolate. The 420 detectable non-synonymous SNPs were distributed among only 53 genes, primarily subtelomeric antigens and antigenic families. The Kiambu5 isolate is considerably more divergent, with close to 40,000 SNPs relative to Muguga, including 〉8,500 non-synonymous mutations distributed among 〉1,700 (42.5 %) of the predicted genes. These genetic markers of the component stocks can be used to characterize the composition of new batches of the Muguga Cocktail. Conclusions: Differences among these three isolates, while extensive, represent only a small proportion of the genetic variation in the entire species. Given the efficacy of the Muguga Cocktail in inducing long-lasting protection against infections in the field, our results suggest that whole-organism vaccines against parasitic diseases can be highly efficacious despite considerable genome-wide differences relative to the isolates against which they protect.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2164
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2016-05-12
    Description: Analytical Chemistry DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00373
    Print ISSN: 0003-2700
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6882
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2015-10-13
    Description: Background: The genus Brachyspira currently encompasses seven valid species that colonize the intestines of mammals and birds. In a previous study a group of strongly haemolytic isolates from pigs and mallards was provisionally described as a new species within genus Brachyspira, “B. suanatina”, and enteropathogenic properties were demonstrated in a porcine challenge model. Methods: In the current study characterization of B. suanatina was performed on the basis of cell morphology, growth characteristics, enzyme profiles, DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) and whole genome comparisons. The draft genome sequence of B. suanatina strain AN4859/03 was determined and compared with the available genomes of all valid species of Brachyspira. Results: According to morphological traits, growth characteristics and enzymatic profiles, B. suanatina was similar to the type strain of B. hyodysenteriae, but using the recommended threshold value of 70 % similarity by DDH it did not belong to any of the recognized Brachyspira species (range 16–64 % similarity). This was further supported by average nucleotide identity values. Phylogenetic analysis performed using housekeeping genes and core genomes of all valid Brachyspira sp. and “B. hampsonii” revealed that B. suanatina and B. intermedia formed a clade distinct from B. hyodysenteriae. By comparing the genomes of the three closely related species B. intermedia, B. hyodysenteriae and B. suanatina similar profiles of general genomic features and distribution of genes in different functional categories were obtained. However, the genome size of B. hyodysenteriae was smallest among the species, suggesting the possibility of reductive evolution in the divergence of this species. A bacteriophage region and a putative plasmid sequence were also found in the genome of B. suanatina strain AN4859/03. Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that despite being similar to B. hyodysenteriae phenotypically, B. suanatina should be regarded as a separate species based on its genetic characteristics. Based on characteristics presented in this report we propose that strains AN4859/03, AN1681:1/04, AN2384/04 and Dk12570-2 from pigs in Sweden and Denmark, and strains AN3949:2/02 and AN1418:2/01 isolated from mallards in Sweden, represent a unique species within genus Brachyspira. For this new species we propose the name B. suanatina for which the type strain is AN4859/03 T (=ATCC® BAA-2592™ = DSM 100974 T ).
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2180
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2018-04-24
    Description: Genes, Vol. 9, Pages 225: Genome-Guided Analysis of Clostridium ultunense and Comparative Genomics Reveal Different Strategies for Acetate Oxidation and Energy Conservation in Syntrophic Acetate-Oxidising Bacteria Genes doi: 10.3390/genes9040225 Authors: Shahid Manzoor Anna Schnürer Erik Bongcam-Rudloff Bettina Müller Syntrophic acetate oxidation operates close to the thermodynamic equilibrium and very little is known about the participating organisms and their metabolism. Clostridium ultunense is one of the most abundant syntrophic acetate-oxidising bacteria (SAOB) that are found in engineered biogas processes operating with high ammonia concentrations. It has been proven to oxidise acetate in cooperation with hydrogenotrophic methanogens. There is evidence that the Wood-Ljungdahl (WL) pathway plays an important role in acetate oxidation. In this study, we analysed the physiological and metabolic capacities of C. ultunense strain Esp and strain BST on genome scale and conducted a comparative study of all the known characterised SAOB, namely Syntrophaceticus schinkii, Thermacetogenium phaeum, Tepidanaerobacter acetatoxydans, and Pseudothermotoga lettingae. The results clearly indicated physiological robustness to be beneficial for anaerobic digestion environments and revealed unexpected metabolic diversity with respect to acetate oxidation and energy conservation systems. Unlike S. schinkii and Th. phaeum, C. ultunense clearly does not employ the oxidative WL pathway for acetate oxidation, as its genome (and that of P. lettingae) lack important key genes. In both of those species, a proton motive force is likely formed by chemical protons involving putative electron-bifurcating [Fe-Fe] hydrogenases rather than proton pumps. No genes encoding a respiratory Ech (energy-converting hydrogenase), as involved in energy conservation in Th. phaeum and S. schinkii, were identified in C. ultunense and P. lettingae. Moreover, two respiratory complexes sharing similarities to the proton-translocating ferredoxin:NAD+ oxidoreductase (Rnf) and the Na+ pumping NADH:quinone hydrogenase (NQR) were predicted. These might form a respiratory chain that is involved in the reduction of electron acceptors rather than protons. However, involvement of these complexes in acetate oxidation in C. ultunense and P. lettingae needs further study. This genome-based comparison provides a solid platform for future meta-proteomics and meta-transcriptomics studies and for metabolic engineering, control, and monitoring of SAOB.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4425
    Topics: Biology
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