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  • 11
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    Evidence for slow-mode shocks in the deep geomagnetic tail (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Plasma and field data from the ISEE-3 space probe provide evidence that the lobe-plasma sheet boundary is the central part of the distant geomagnetic tail is often a slow-mode shock. Such shocks are predicted by Petchek's (1964) model of the reconnection. If this model applies, then the ISEE-3 observations place the general location of the reconnection diffusion region closer to the earth than x of about -100 earth radii.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 11; 599-602
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  • 12
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    Relationships between mineralization and silicic volcanism in the central Andes (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Existing models for the genesis of porphyry copper deposits indicate that they formed in granodioritic stocks located in the infrastructure of andesitic stratovolcanoes. It is noted that sites of porphyry-type subvolcanic tin mineralization in the Eastern Cordillera of Bolivia are distinguished by the absence of such andesitic structures. The surface expression of a typical subvolcanic porphyry tin deposit is thought to be an extrusive dome of quartz latite porphyry, sometimes related to a larger caldera structure. Evidence from the El Salvador porphyry copper deposit in the Eocene magmatic belt in Chile indicates that it too may be more closely related to a silicic volcanic structure than to an andesitic stratovolcano. The dome of La Soufriere, Guadeloupe is offered as a modern analog for the surface expression of subvolcanic mineralization processes, with the phreatic eruptions there indicating the formation of hydrothermal breccia bodies in depths. It is pointed out that the occurrence of mineralized porphyries, millions of years after caldera formation, does not necessarily indicate that tin intrusions and mineralization are not genetically related to the subcaldera pluton, but may be a consequence of the long thermal histories (1-10 million years) of the lowermost parts of large plutons.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (ISSN 0377-0273); 18; 165-190
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  • 13
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    Power dissipation at slow-mode shocks in the distant geomagnetic tail (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An estimate is made of the decreases in Poynting flux across slow shocks in the geomagnetic tail detected by the ISEE-3 spacecraft. An electron analyzer and a magnetometer recorded 26 of the events in January-February 1983. Two-dimensional electron velocity distributions parallel to the magnetic field across the shock transition characterized the data. The shocks were of relatively high strength, close to the switch-off limit, and displayed a large upstream Alfven Mach number. The Poynting flux decreased an average of 0.0018-0.0166 ergs/sq cm per sec. The power dissipated from lobe-magnetic energy density to plasma sheet convection across the shocks is estimated to be 5 x 10 to the 18th ergs/sec.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 11; 1058-106
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  • 14
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    Direct observations of passages of the distant neutral line (80-140 RE) following substorm onsets - ISEE-3 (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Specific events recorded by ISEE-3 passage through the earth magnetotail at 80-140 earth radii are discussed. The data were taken during March 20-28, 1983, when Kp ranged from +6 to -40, and included both plasma and magnetic field signatures. Magnetic field polar angle reversals from N-S flows were detected, along with alteration in the bulk plasma flow from tailward to stagnation. Tailward flow was associated with negative field values, while stagnation was mainly present with positive field values. The tail plasma at 100 radii exhibited changes shortly after a substorm event which featured particle ejection at 6.6 earth radii. The plasma sheet swept by the events could have a 25-50 radii length scale.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 11; 1042-104
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  • 15
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    Detailed examination of a plasmoid in the distant magnetotail with ISEE 3 (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Details of an investigation of a lone plasmoid encountered by the ISEE-3 spacecraft in February 1983 are reported. ISEE-3 was then at 217 earth radii distance, in the magnetosheath, and had entered the magnetotail. Intense energetic particle, plasma and magnetic field fluctuations were detected, indicating a large electron flux moving tailward, a suprathermal proton flux, a jump in electron temperature, and inverse signatures of an increasing magnetic field. Closed magnetic field lines were also detected as were IMF field lines around the plasmoid and open field lines connecting the earth with space. The hot particles in the plasmoid are concluded to have been magnetically confined in a boundary one earth radius thick. An earthward directed beam was also detected and was found to balance the tailward flux. The origin and characteristics of the beam were not discerned.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 11; 1046-104
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  • 16
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    Simultaneous observation of the plasma sheet in the near earth and distant magnetotail - ISEE-1 and ISEE-3 (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Particle data have been acquired by the 1981-025 and 1982-019 spacecraft at geosynchronous orbit, as well as ISEE-1 in the near earth geomagnetic tail, and ISEE-3 in the distant geomagnetic tail. These observations are supplemented by ground-based magnetograms from near local midnight stations. Attention is given to a substorm recovery phase, and to observations of ion beams at the plasma sheet boundary in the near earth and distant tail, respectively, which are found to flow in opposite directions.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 11; 1034-103
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  • 17
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    Olivine flotation and settling experiments on the join Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4 (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Results are presented of a study of some unusual density relations between olivine and coexisting liquid in the system fosterite-fayalite. At 1 atmosphere pressure it is found that olivine floats on its coexisting liquid for intermediate compositions on this binary because of extreme partitioning of Fe into the melt phase. At 20 kilobars, the usual behavior of olivine settling is found to occur because the partitioning of Fe in the melt is reduced, aided possibly by the dissolution of CO2 in the melt from the use of a graphite container. It is determined that olivine flotation and settling are rapid in a time period of only a few hours because viscosities are slightly greater than that of paraffin oil at room temperature. Some adcumulate textures with good triple junction grain boundaries are found to be developed. Observations of differentiated magmatic systems suggest that the mechanisms by which magmas can differentiate vary considerably in the ultramafic to tholeiitic compositional range.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (ISSN 0010-7999); 80; 1982
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  • 18
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    An ISEE 3 high time resolution study of interplanetary parameter correlations with magnetospheric activity (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The coupling between the solar wind and the geomagnetic disturbances was examined using data from the ISEE-3 spacecraft at an earth-sun libration point and ground-based data. One minute data were used to avoid aliasing in determining the internal magnetospheric response to solar wind conditions. Attention was given to the cross-correlations between the geomagnetic index (AE), the total energy dissipation rate (UT), and the solar wind parameters, as well as the spatial and temporal scales on which the magnetosphere reacts to the solar wind conditions. It was considered necessary to characterize the physics of the solar wind-magnetosphere coupling in order to define the requirements for a spacecraft like the ISEE-3 that could be used as a real time monitoring system for predicting storms and substorms. The correlations among all but one parameter were lower during disturbance intervals; UT was highly correlated with all parameters during the disturbed times. An intrinsic 25-40 min delay was detected between interplanetary activity and magnetospheric response in quite times, diminishing to no more than 15 min during disturbed times.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; Aug. 1
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  • 19
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    Lion roars and nonoscillatory drift mirror waves in the magnetosheath (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: It is shown that Extremely Low Frequency, or 'lion' roars are closely coupled to quasi-periodic, large scale magnetosheath structures. Because the latter are waves generated by the drift mirror instability, an attempt is made to identify and describe the magnetic and plasma features associated with this instability. Observations and analyses of the large scale structures using ISEE 1 and 2 data for the earth's magnetosheath and Pioneer 11 data for Jupiter and Saturn are presented, along with the background of the drift mirror waves. The cyclotron and drift mirror instabilities occurring in the magnetosheath are natural relaxation processes which reduce the plasma pressure anisotropies created by preferential heating of the solar wind plasma as it passes through the bow shock, as well as the compression occurring when the plasma and fields approach the near-subsolar magnetopause.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Aug. 1
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  • 20
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    Observation and modeling of energetic particles at synchronous orbit on July 29, 1977 (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In the 12 hours immediately after a worldwide storm sudden commencement at 0027 UT on July 29, there was a series of at least four magnetospheric substorms, the last and largest of which exhibited an expansion phase onset at approximately 1200 UT. Data from six spacecraft in three general local time groupings (0300, 0700, and 1300 LT) are examined, and vector magnetic field data and energetic electron and ion data from approximately 15 keV to more than 2MeV are employed. Four primary types of studies are carried out: (1) timing and morphology of energetic particle injections; (2) variation of particle phase space densities, using local magnetic field and particle flux data; (3) measurement of boundary motions, using high-energy ion gradient anisotropies; and (4) adiabatic modeling, which included injection, large-scale convection, corotation, and gradient drifts. For the 1200 UT substorms, it is concluded that there was a substantial flux dropout in a broad sector near local midnight because of a large-scale boundary motion, followed by a recovery to a predropout configuration.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Aug. 1
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