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  • GEOPHYSICS  (184)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (164)
  • 1980-1984  (348)
  • 1981  (348)
  • 11
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    Comparison of stratospheric aerosol measurements over Poker Flat, Alaska, July, 1979 (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Stratospheric aerosols were collected at Poker Flat, Alaska, in July, 1979, to determine particle properties, confirm coincident satellite SAGE measurements, and compare similar results obtained with different airborne samplers. Because of the steep slopes in size-distribution curves for larger particles, it is found that properties such as concentrations, aerosol mass, and optical extinction are very sensitive to small errors in radii. It is calculated that the concentration measurements agree with photoelectric particle counter results when a 16% radius change is introduced. An 8% radius change matches our calculated sulfate mass with filter mass measurements. And a 13% radius change results in agreement between the calculated optical extinction and coincident SAGE satellite results. Recognizing that different instruments can produce 10-20% differences in measured sizes, it is believed the results of these comparative measurements of SAGE and in situ instruments are essentially in agreement.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 8; Jan. 198
    Format: text
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  • 12
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    Impulsive radio discharges near Saturn (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Nonthermal radio emissions from the Saturn system were first detected by the Voyager planetary radio astronomy (PRA) experiment on board Voyager 1 in January 1980. Since then emission between 100 kHz and 1 MHz from the planet, termed Saturn kilometric radiation (SKR), has been received almost continuously. A description is presented of eight characteristics which have been fairly well defined by the Voyager 1 encounter. These include a very flat broadband frequency spectrum, a period of approximately 10 h 10 min, a change in the envelope shape of episodes between pre and postencounter, an intensity population structure typical of plural populations, and an episodic structure of a width of approximately 180 deg. It was found that postencounter episodes continue for about three times as long as preencounter ones, and that postencounter bursts are left-circularly polarized at high frequencies. At least one episode shows the onset of high frequency events some time before that of lower frequency ones.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature; 292; Aug. 20
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  • 13
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    Study of the ammonia ice cloud layer in the Equatorial Region of Jupiter from the infrared interferometric experiment on Voyager (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Spectra from the Voyager 1 infrared interferometer spectrometer (IRIS) obtained near the time of closest approach to Jupiter were analyzed for the purpose of inferring ammonia cloud properties associated with the Equatorial Region. Comparisons of observed spectra with synthetic spectra computed from a radiative transfer formulation, that includes multiple scattering, yielded the following conclusions: (1) very few NH3 ice particles with radii less than 3 microns contribute to the cloud opacity; (2) the major source of cloud opacity arises from particles with radii in excess of 30 microns; (3) column particle densities are between 1 and 2 orders of magnitude smaller than those derived from thermochemical considerations alone, implying the presence of important atmospheric motion; and (4) another cloud system is confirmed to exist deeper in the Jovian troposphere.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 46; May 1981
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  • 14
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    The use of the Eliassen-Palm flux as a diagnostic of wave, mean-flow interaction in a general circulation model (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Illinois Univ. Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP. Volume 2: (NASA-CR-175509); p 99-100
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  • 15
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    Ion streams in the magnetotail (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Ion mass spectrometer observations of low-temperature streaming plasmas in the earth's magnetotail are reported. Measurements in the energy per charge range 0 to 17 keV/e were made at geocentric radial distances less than 23 earth radii from the ISEE 1 spacecraft. Ion streams of solar wind origin in the magnetotail boundary layer and of ionospheric origin in the tail lobes and plasma sheet are described. A statistical study of some of the characteristics of the streams allows the inference that the central tail lobe plasmas are primarily constituted of ion streams of ionospheric origin and that the ionosphere is a significant contributor to the hot plasmas that form the plasma sheet.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; June 1
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  • 16
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    Plasma rest frame distributions of suprathermal ions in the earth's foreshock region (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The paper presents rest frame ion distributions computed from three-dimensional observations of upstream suprathermal ions made by the University of Iowa Quadrispherical Lepedea on ISEE-1. The observations are for a single inbound midmorning pass starting upstream from the ion foreshock and continuing across the quasi-spherical bow shock into the magnetosheath. The crossing of the ion foreshock boundary is marked by a several-minute burst of ions of temperature 100-200 eV moving along the IMF away from the bow shock at 500 km/s relative to the solar wind. The observation of these reflected ions is followed by an extended interval of diffuse ions of temperatures 2-3 keV flowing at about 250 km/s relative to the solar wind and persisting until the bow shock is crossed. Both types of suprathermal ions constitute roughly 2% of the total ion density and carry a parallel heat flux of 0.01 ergs/sq cm-s.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 17
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    Saturn gravity results obtained from Pioneer 11 tracking data and earth-based Saturn satellite data (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Improved gravity coefficients for Saturn, its satellites and rings are calculated on the basis of a combination of Pioneer 11 spacecraft Doppler tracking data and earth-based determinations of Saturn natural satellite apse and node rates. Solutions are first obtained separately from the coherent Doppler tracking data obtained for the interval from August 20 to September 4, surrounding the time of closest approach, with the effects of solar plasma on radio signal propagation taken into account, and from secular rates for Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea and Titan determined from astrometric data by Kozai (1957, 1976) and Garcia (1972). Combination of the data by the use of the Pioneer solution and corresponding unadjusted covariance matrix as a priori information for a secular rate analysis results in values for the total ring mass of essentially zero at a standard error level of 1.7 x 10 to the -6th Saturn masses, a ratio of solar mass to that of the Saturn system of 3498.09 + or - 0.22, masses of Rhea, Titan and Iapetus of 4.0 + or - 0.9, 238.8 + or - 3, and 3.4 + or - 1.3 x 10 to the -6th Saturn masses, respectively, and second and fourth zonal harmonics of 16,479 + or - 18 and -937 + or - 38, respectively. The harmonic coefficients are noted to be important as boundary conditions in the modeling of the Saturn interior.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astronomical Journal; 86; Mar. 198
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  • 18
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    Fermi-Compton scattering due to magnetopause surface fluctuations in Jupiter's magnetospheric cavity (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The effects of boundary surface fluctuations on a spectrum of electromagnetic radiation trapped in a high Q (quality) cavity are considered. Undulating walls introduce small frequency shifts at reflection to the radiation, and it is argued that the process is entirely analogous to both Fermi (particle) acceleration and inverse Compton scattering. A Fokker-Planck formalism is pursued; it yields a diffusion equation in frequency for which the Green's function and steady-state solutions are found. Applying this analysis to the Jovian continuum radiation discovered by Voyager spacecraft, it is suggested that characteristic diffusion times are greater than 1 year, and that in order to account for the steep frequency spectra observed, an unidentified loss mechanism must operate in the cavity with a decay time constant approximately equal to the characteristic diffusion time divided by 28. A radiator-reactor model of the cavity is investigated to provide an estimate for the intrinsic luminosity of the low frequency (approximately 100 Hz) continuum source whose power is approximately 7 x 10 to the 6th W.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 243
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  • 19
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    Cosmic-ray-produced Cl-36 and Mn-53 in Allan Hills-77 meteorites (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Cosmic-ray-produced Mn-53 has been determined by neutron activation in nine Allan Hills-77 meteorites. Additionally, Cl-36 has been measured in seven of these objects using tandem accelerator mass spectrometry. These results, along with C-14 and Al-26 concentrations determined elsewhere, yield terrestrial ages ranging from 10,000 to 700,000 years. Weathering was not found to result in Mn-53 loss.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 52; 1, Ja; Jan. 198
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  • 20
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    Jupiter tail phenomena upstream from Saturn (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Plasma wave and plasma probe measurements from Voyager 2 for February 1981 suggest the detection of phenomena associated with a well defined Jupiter tail, at a distance of about 6,200 Jovian radii. This is held to imply that the Saturn magnetosphere will be affected by the Jovian tail, and that insight into the physics of Saturn's magnetosphere may be obtained through comparisons of Voyager 1 and 2 data. Among the effects that can be sought in Voyager 2 data are magnetosphere size variations, bow shock location, radio emission strength and trapped radiation belt population.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature; 292; Aug. 13
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