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  • 1985-1989  (15)
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  • 11
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    Calculations of microwave brightness temperature of rough soil surfaces (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A model for simulating the brightness temperatures of soils with rough surfaces is developed. The surface emissivity of the soil media is obtained by the integration of the bistatic scattering coefficients for rough surfaces. The roughness of a soil surface is characterized by two parameters, the surface height standard deviation sigma and its horizontal correlation length l. The model calculations are compared to the measured angular variations of the polarized brightness temperatures at both 1.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequencies. A nonlinear least-squares fitting method is used to obtain the values of delta and l that best characterize the surface roughness. The effect of shadowing is incorporated by introducing a function S(theta), which represents the probability that a point on a rough surface is not shadowed by other parts of the surface. The model results for the horizontal polarization are in excellent agreement with the data. However, for the vertical polarization, some discrepancies exist between the calculations and data, particularly at the 1.4 GHz frequency. Possible causes of the discrepancy are discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 12
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    The first International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment - FIFE (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) will verify the use of satellite data for the estimation of land-surface properties through field experiments using point measurements on the ground and areal measurements from aircraft overflights. It will study approaches for obtaining areal averages of the radiation, moisture, and heat fluxes made using remotely sensed data, by combining the surface point measurements of the fluxes with the aircraft areal observations using a surface energy balance model. Surface parameters to be estimated from aircraft observations include: surface radiation temperature, albedo, land cover or vegetation index, and surface soil moisture. The latter will be obtained using passive and active microwave approaches. The area-averages of the surface properties will be compared with satellite data. The First ISLSCP Field Experiment is planned for a site having relatively uniform vegetation cover in the central great plains of the U.S.A.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: ESA Proceedings of an International Satellite Land-Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Conference; p 567-571
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 13
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    The use of remotely sensed soil moisture data in large-scale models of the hydrological cycle (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Manabe (1982) has reviewed numerical simulations of the atmosphere which provided a framework within which an examination of the dynamics of the hydrological cycle could be conducted. It was found that the climate is sensitive to soil moisture variability in space and time. The challenge arises now to improve the observations of soil moisture so as to provide up-dated boundary condition inputs to large scale models including the hydrological cycle. Attention is given to details regarding the significance of understanding soil moisture variations, soil moisture estimation using remote sensing, and energy and moisture balance modeling.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IAF PAPER 85-03
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 14
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    Calculations of microwave brightness temperature of rough soil surfaces: Bare field (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A model for simulating the brightness temperatures of soils with rough surfaces is developed. The surface emissivity of the soil media is obtained by the integration of the bistatic scattering coefficients for rough surfaces. The roughness of a soil surface is characterized by two parameters, the surface height standard deviation sigma and its horizontal correlation length l. The model calculations are compared to the measured angular variations of the polarized brightness temperatures at both 1.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequences. A nonlinear least-squares fitting method is used to obtain the values of delta and l that best characterize the surface roughness. The effect of shadowing is incorporated by introducing a function S(theta), which represents the probability that a point on a rough surface is not shadowed by other parts of the surface. The model results for the horizontal polarization are in excellent agreement with the data. However, for the vertical polarization, some discrepancies exist between the calculations and data, particularly at the 1.4 GHz frequency. Possible causes of the discrepancy are discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-86200 , NAS 1.15:86200
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 15
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    Remote Sensing of Snow and Evapotranspiration (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The use of snowmelt runoff models from both the U.S. and Japan for simulating discharge on basins in both countries is discussed as well as research in snowpack properties and evapotranspiration using remotely sensed data.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CP-2363 , REPT-84B0036 , NAS 1.55:2363 , Nov 15, 1983 - Nov 19, 1983; Honolulu, HI; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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