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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractionation of desmosomes and comparison of the polypeptide composition of desmosomes prepared from two bovine epithelial tissues (1988)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 36 (1988), S. 223-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: desmosomes ; bovine epithelial tissue ; fractionation ; polypeptide composition ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Desmosomes isolated from bovine tongue mucosa or muzzle epidermis appeared identical by ultrastructural analyses but had some differences in their polypeptide compositions as determined by SDS-PAGE. These preparations were extracted in 9 M urea, 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 9), and 25 mM B-mercaptoethanol and then centrifuged at 240,000g for 30 min. The urea-soluble and insoluble fractions were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The urea soluble fractions of both tongue and muzzle desmosomes were enriched in polypeptides of 240, 210, 81, and 75 kDa and also polypeptides (40 to 70 kDa) that were keratin-like, as determined by immunoblotting analyses with keratin antisera. The urea insoluble fraction of tongue desmosomes contained glycoproteins of 165, 160, 140, 110, and 100 kDa, while this fraction from muzzle contained glycoproteins of 165, 115, and 105 kDa. Ultrastructural examinations of insoluble pellets obtained from urea extracted tongue and muzzle desmosomes showed that most of the components at the cytoplasmic faces of the desmosomes were removed, while the membrane regions of the desmosomes resisted the treatment. The urea soluble proteins were dialyzed against 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.6), and the resulting preparation was pelleted by centrifugation and examined by electron microscopy. Ultrastructural examination of this material revealed that it had assembled into a fibrillar meshwork, similar to the fibrillar region adjacent to the submembranous plaque of isolated desmosomes. Thus, treatment of isolated desmosomes with 9 M urea allowed the fractionation of membrane-associated desmosomal proteins from cytoplasmic desmosomal proteins. A comparison of these fractions from tongue and muzzle indicated that the polypeptide compositions of the desmosomes varied between tissues, especially with respect to the fractions enriched in either glycoproteins or keratin.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240360304
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of the doliolaria larva of the feather star Florometra serratissima (Echinodermata: Crinoidea), with special emphasis on the nervous system (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 189 (1986), S. 99-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The epidermis of the doliolaria larva of the Florometra serratissima is differentiated into distinct structures including an apical organ, adhesive pit, ganglion, ciliary bands, nerve plexus, and vestibular invagination. All these structures possess unique cell-types, suggesting that they are functionally specialized in the larva, except the vestibular invagination that becomes the postmetamorphic stomodeum. The epidermis also contains yellow cells, amoeboid-like cells, and secretory cells. The enteric sac, hydrocoel, axocoel, and somatocoels have differentiated but are probably not functional in the doliolaria stage. Mesenchymal cells, around the enteric sac and coeloms, appear to be actively secreting the endoskeleton and connective tissue fibers.The nervous system is composed of a nerve plexus, ganglion, and sensory receptor cells in the apical organ. The apical organ is a larval specialization of the anterior end; the ganglion is located in the base of the epidermis at the anterior dorsal end of the larva. The nerve plexus underlies most of the epidermis, although it is more prominent in the anterior region. Here, processes from sensory receptor cells of the apical organ, as well as those from nerve cells, contribute to the plexus. These processes contain one or a combination of organelles including vesicles, vacuoles, microtubules, and mitochondria. The configuration of glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence, revealing catecholamine activity, correlates to the apical organ, nerve cells, and nerve plexus. Morphological evidence suggests that the nervous system may function in initiation and control of settlement, attachment, and metamorphosis. The crinoid larval nervous system is discussed and compared to that found in other larval echinoderms.
    Additional Material: 50 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051890202
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of mammalian collagenases by thiol-containing peptides (1986)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 32 (1986), S. 71-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: inhibitors ; collagen breakdown ; cleavage site analogues ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The following thiol-containing peptide analogues of the carboxyl side of the collagenase-sensitive bond of collagen were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of collagenases partially purified from homogenates of rabbit V-2 tumor and culture medium of pig synovium: HSCH2CH(CH3)CO-Ala-OEt (I), HSCH2CH-(CH2Ph)CO-Ala-OEt (II), HSCH2CH[CH2CH(CH3)2]CO-Ala-OEt (III); HSCH2, CH-[CH2CH(CH3)2]CO-Ala-Gly-OEt (IV); HSCH2CH[CH2CH(CH3)2]CO-Ala-Gly-Gln (V). The compounds are listed in order of their inhibitory potency when assayed with nonfibrillar-acid-soluble calfskin collagen at pH 7.6, 35°C. The best inhibitor (III) gave 50% inhibition between 1 and 4 μM. II was a competitive inhibitor with a Ki value of 75 μM. The enzymes preferred an isobutyl side chain at the 2-carbon position, and, where tested (III, IV), did not discriminate strongly between stereoisomers at the chiral 2-carbon. Increasing the length of the inhibitor did not markedly increase potency.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240320108
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heparin inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation: A cellular site of action (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 129 (1986), S. 11-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The potential of a given amount of heparin to inhibit smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation can be increased more than 13 fold if quiescent cultures are pretreated with this mucopolysaccharide for 48 h. The large increase in antiproliferative activity was attributable to a 74% inhibition of the first cell cycle traverse of SMC after serum addition. If the mucopolysaccharide was added to SMC coincident with serum, the initial cell cycle traverse was only suppressed by 27%. In both heparin pretreated and nonpretreated SMC cultures, 48 to 72 h elapsed before substantial inhibition was observed. The inhibitory effects of heparin were reversible and inversely proportional to the starting cell density of the cultures. The effects of known heparin binding proteins on the inhibitory capability of heparin were examined. Neither platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), low density lipoprotein (LDL), nor platelet factor 4 (PF4) were able to reduce the antiproliferative effects. Heparin retained full biological activity in medium containing serum depleted of all heparin binding proteins by heparin-Sepharose chromatography. These results indicate that heparin does not inhibit growth by preventing serum mitogens or nutrients from interacting with SMC. Rather, our data suggest that heparin is slowly internalized by SMC following binding to specific, non-PF4 dissociable sites. Heparin may accumulate intracellularly and block a crucial point in the proliferative machinery of SMC.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041290103
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heparin-like molecules regulate the number of epidermal growth factor receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 136 (1988), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of heparin on the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) was examined. Heparin pretreatment of SMC obtained from bovine aortic explant tissue resulted in significant reductions in the amount of EGF bound. Decreases in mitogen binding were observed with both growth arrested as well as exponentially growing cultures. The heparin concentrations (10-100 μg/ml) and pretreatment times (48-72 h) necessary for suppression of EGF binding correlated with the concentrations and temporal requirements necessary for growth inhibition. Chondroitin sulfate, which has negligible antiproliferative activity, had no effect on EGF binding. However, a highly inhibitory heparan sulfate species obtained from postconfluent SMC suppressed EGF binding by 45%. Platelet-derived growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 binding were unaffected by heparin. Scatchard analysis revealed that heparin induced 50 to 60% reductions in the numbers of high and low affinity EGF receptors without detectable changes in the binding affinity or ratio of high to low receptors. Experiments were also performed with enzymatically dispersed SMC. These cultures were inhibited by heparin in a time dependent manner which was partially reversible in the presence of EGF. Subsequent studies revealed that heparin suppressed EGF binding in these cultures by 20 to 40%. In summary, heparin reduces the number of EGF receptors on both explant and enzyme dispersed SMC by a mechanism which closely parallels the antiproliferative effects of this glycosaminoglycan.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041360104
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antiproliferative effects of heparin on vascular smooth muscle cells are reversed by epidermal growth factor (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 131 (1987), S. 149-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Heparin and related glycosaminoglycans are potent inhibitors of both in vivo and in vitro smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. We have found that epidermal growth factor (EGF) reverses the antiproliferative effects of heparin. Other known SMC mitogens, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and thrombin, were unable to prevent heparin action. The EGF specificity was further demonstrated by developing a biological growth assay in which EGF or PDGF, at concentrations as low as 1 ng/ml, stimulated SMC growth in the absence of other serum components. Under these conditions, EGF, but not PDGF, suppressed heparin inhibition as well. The ability of EGF to reverse heparin inhibition was only observed when mitogen and glycosaminoglycan were added to SMC at similar times. If SMC were pretreated with heparin for 48 hours prior to EGF addition, the protective effects of EGF were lost. Heparin did not directly prevent 125I-EGF or platelet-derived EGF-like peptides from binding to the EGF receptor on SMC. However, cultures that were pretreated with heparin for 48 hours bound 49% less 125I-EGF than cultures that had been pretreated with the mucopolysac-charide for only 2 hours or that had not been preexposed to heparin. In previous studies, we have established that heparin exerts its maximal inhibitory activity after a 48-hour treatment of SMC (Reilly et al. 1986). Taken together, these data suggest that heparin may exert its antiproliferative potential by slowly and specifically altering SMC response to EGF-like mitogens of platelet origin.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041310203
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preface (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 12 (1989), S. 307-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060120402
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitotic cell division in the extraadrenal chromaffin system of various species (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 12 (1989), S. 323-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Chromaffin cells ; Paraganglia ; Paraaortic organs ; Mitosis ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Mitotic activity often has been reported in embryonic and fetal sympathetic neuroblasts, principal sympathoblasts, and primitive sympathetic cells in various species at different stages of development. Postnatal adrenal medullary cells also are known to undergo mitosis, but such dividing capabilities rarely have been observed in the true postnatal extraadrenal chromaffin system. Although few in number, this work nevertheless has clearly identified such cells in varying stages of the mitotic cycle in the young dog, Syrian hamster, mouse, rabbit, and rat. The dividing cells were noted in paraaortic chromaffin organs, paraganglia, and within the inferior mesenteric ganglion as well. They displayed the morphological character usually associated with their adrenal medullary catecholaminergic counterparts, including numerous dense-cored vesicles known to be the harbingers of catecholamines and various peptides. Nerve endings were not noticed upon the mitotic cells. The phenomenon of dividing extraadrenal chromaffin cells augments existing data and perhaps suggests that these cells are more endocrine than neural in type and subservient to the adrenal medulla in its classic endocrine function.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060120405
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