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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of the electron energy gap of high TC superconductors studied by work function spectroscopy (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 1726-1728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Work function measurements with the so-called onset technique have been used to study the temperature-dependent behavior of the electron energy gap of YBa2Cu3O7−x superconducting films. In the temperature range from TC down to 30 K a BCS-like behavior with gap width 2Δ0 at T=0 between 38 and 62 meV is found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111989
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ATP-dependent carbon transport in perfused Chara cells (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 16 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Carbon transport across the plasma membrane, and carbon fixation were measured in perfused Chara internodal cells. These parameters were measured in external media of pH 5·5 and pH 8·5, where CO2 and HCO3- are, respectively, the predominant carbon species in both light and dark conditions. Cells perfused with medium containing ATP could utilize both CO2 and HCO3- from the external medium in the light. Photosynthetic carbon fixation activity was always higher at pH 5·5 than at pH 8·5. When cells were perfused either with medium containing hexokinase and 2-deoxyglucose to deplete ATP from the cytosol (HK medium) or with medium containing vanadate, a specific inhibitor of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase (V medium), photosynthetic carbon fixation was strongly inhibited at both pH 5·5 and 8·5. Perfusion of cells with medium containing pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to maximally activate the H+-ATPase (PK medium), stimulated the photosynthetic carbon fixation activities. Oxygen evolution of isolated chloroplasts and the carbon fixation of cells supplied 14C intracellularly were not inhibited by perfusion media containing either hexokinase and 2-deoxyglucose or vanadate. The results indicate that Chara cells possess CO2 and HCO3- transport systems energized by ATP and sensitive to vanadate in the light. In the dark, intact cells also fix carbon. By contrast, in cells perfused with medium containing ATP, no carbon fixation was detected in 1 mol m -3 total dissolved inorganic carbon (TDIC) at pH 8·5. By increasing TDIC to 10 mol m-3, dark fixation became detectable, although it was still lower than that of intact cells at 1mol m-3 TDIC. Addition of PEP or PEP and PEP carboxylase to the perfusion media significantly increased the dark-carbon fixation. Perfusion with vanadate had no effect on the dark-carbon fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1993.tb00483.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Size of prey ingested by whitefish, Coregonus sp., larvae. Are Coregonus larvae gape-limited predators? (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 36 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The feeding ecology of whitefish, Coregonus, larvae in oligotrophic Lake Sarnen and eutrophic Lake Hallwil is presented, taking into consideration the size of the prey ingested in relation to the mouth size of larvae and to the availability of zooplankton.When larvae grow from 10 to 16 mm their mouth width increases from 500 to 1000 μm while their gape height, with the mouth open at 45 and 90°, increases from 200 to 400 μm and from 400 to 700 μm, respectively, whichever lake is considered.The differences found in the mean prey width between the two lakes arise in part from the composition of diets, and in part from differences in size of the available prey organisms. Whatever the origin of the larvae and the taxon we consider, larvae seem to ingest the most abundant prey size without selecting the biggest ones available even if, from a mechanical point of view, they would be able to ingest them.Taking into account the generally low density of zooplankton in the uppermost layer of the lake, we conclude that whitefish larvae eat in the manner such as to decrease the cost of prey capture, in terms of energy and time, by choosing the more abundant prey available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb03520.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Future developments in research on biological production and degradation of halogenated compounds (1992)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1992), S. 115-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02421511
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α-Vertex separator is NP-hard even for 3-regular graphs (1991)
    Springer
    Computing 46 (1991), S. 343-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: PLA-folding ; vertex separation ; complexity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zwei diskrete Optimierungsprobleme beim VLSI-Design sind die Fläche eines programmierbaren logischen Arrays (PLA) zu reduzieren und einen Graphen in möglichst gleich große Teilgraphen zu zerlegen. Wir zeigen, daß eine in der Praxis oft benutzte Flächenreduktionstechnik, das Blockfolding, äquivalent ist zu dem Problem, Graphen durch Wegnahme von Knoten zu zerlegen. Es wird gezeigt, daß dieses Problem schon für 3-reguläre GraphenNP-schwer ist.
    Notes: Abstract Two discrete optimization problems arising in VLSI are to reduce the area of a programmable logic array (PLA) and to separate graphs uniformly. We show that a commonly used area reduction technique called blockfolding is equivalent to separating graphs by vertex deletion. The later problem is shown to be NP-complete even for 3-regular-graphs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02257778
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement accuracy of semiconductor LDA systems (1990)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 10 (1990), S. 125-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A laser Doppler anemometer with a laser diode as the light source, has several advantages: i.e., low power consumption, compactness, and low cost. In order to be fully benefitted by these favorable characteristics, the measurement uncertainty, associated with wavefront distortion in the measuring volume, should be minimized. Furthermore, proper attention should be given to system misalignment caused by external perturbations, such as thermal expansion of the diode-collimator assembly. These considerations lead to a computational procedure for optimizing the layout of the semiconductor LDA system. Calculations are based on a generalized relation for fringe non-uniformity combined with a simulation model for the anemometry system. For this purpose, the optical field of a laser diode is described satisfactorily as a product of a Gaussian and a truncated Lorentzian distribution. The influence of various design parameters is examined by means of an extensive computational study as well as experimental evaluation involving precise scanning of the measuring volume. The performance is improved by employing a small focal length collimator and a large focal length front lens. For measurement of turbulence intensities smaller than 1%, it may become necessary to collect the signals in the side scatter and to use a frequency-domain signal processor. For such an application, temperature control may also be necessary, but it should be applied to the entire diode-collimator assembly and not just to the laser diode as suggested in previous publications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215021
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF in blue crabs and American lobsters from the Hudson-Raritan estuary and the New York bight (1994)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 52 (1994), S. 734-741 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195496
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationships between relative growth rate, meristematic potential and compensatory growth of semiarid-land shrubs (1992)
    Springer
    Oecologia 90 (1992), S. 391-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Browsing tolerance ; Clipping ; Compensatory growth capacity ; Herbivory tolerance ; Meristematic potential
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Inherent relative growth rate has been suggested as a major determinant of plant species' capacity to regrow and compensate for tissues lost to herbivores. We investigated: 1) the relationship between compensatory growth capacity and relative growth rate (RGR) in six semiarid-land shrubs following removal in winter or spring of 90% of the previous year's growth, 2) the influence of loss of buds on production of new growth and 3) the relationship between meristematic potential and the capacity to produce new growth in four of the six semiarid-land shrub species. Four-year-old plants growing under field conditions were used in the study. The species with the highest inherent growth rate, sagebrush [Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana (Rydb.) Beetle], died following the severe clipping treatments. The other five species exactly compensated for lost tissues. Inherent growth rates and compensatory growth capacity of the shrubs were not correlated. Loss of 90% of the buds on the previous year's growth did not limit production of new growth. Instead, shrubs that lost buds produced more new growth biomass than the controls. The shrub species had significantly different meristematic potential. Curlleaf mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt.) and serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) had the greatest and least number of buds and long shoots per plant, respectively. The number of long shoots produced following bud removal was positively correlated with new growth biomass, while the percentage of long shoots produced at the basal position on twigs was negatively correlated with new growth biomass. Our results suggest that inherent growth rate is not likely to influence production of new growth following browsing when resources for growth are not limiting. In contrast, the ability of a shrub to initiate long shoot growth is likely to influence production of new growth even when resources for growth are abundant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317696
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genome analysis of intergeneric hybrids of apomictic and sexual Australian Elymus species with wheat, barley and rye: implication for the transfer of apomixis to cereals (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 86 (1993), S. 288-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Apomixis ; Wheat ; Barley ; Rye ; Wide hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Four hybrids were obtained between three Australian Elymus taxa and three cereal grains: wheat, rye, and barley. Mean meiotic metaphase-I configurations were 41.14 I, 0.42 rod II, 0.003 ring II, and 0.01 III for E. scabrus var ‘plurinervis’ x Triticum aestivum (1 hybrid plant), 22.27 I, 2.63 rod II, 0.06 ring II, and 0.12 III for E. scabrus var ‘scabrus’ x Secale cereale (4 hybrid plants), and 26.65 I, 0.66 rod II, 0.00 ring II, and 0.01 III for E. scabrus var ‘plurinervis’ x Hordeum vulgare (13 hybrid plants). The I genome of barley also paired very little in a BIII hybrid of apomictic E. rectisetus x H. vulgare (2 hybrid plants). Megasporogenesis in this BIII hybrid was at least facultatively apomeiotic, with the same sort of nuclear elongation, apomeiotic division, and dyad formation seen previously in E. rectisetus itself. All four hybrid combinations were sterile. While spike morphology in the E. scabrus x T. aestivum and E. scabrus x H. vulgare hybrids were intermediate to their parents, E. scabrus x S. cereale and E. rectisetus x H. vulgare looked like their maternal parents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222090
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EHD instabilities in nematics driven by dichotomous noise: Stability criteria and influence of free boundary conditions (1990)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 78 (1990), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Different criteria for the onset of EHD instabilities in nematic liquid crystals driven by dichotomous stochastic electric fields are compared within a 1d linear model. Sample stability gives always higher, energetic stability always lower thresholds than the first moment's stability investigated in a previous paper, showing the same qualitative behaviour. Especially the direct transition towards chaos above a critical strength of the noise and the change from stabilizing to destabilizing effect of the noise with increasing correlation time can be explained. The influence of free boundary conditions is investigated analyzing first moment's stability of a 2d linear model. The thresholds are slightly higher but behave qualitatively like in the 1d model. The Williams strip pattern becomes more narrow both with increasing strength and mean frequency of the noise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01307840
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