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  • 11
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Flight experiment conducted using an SR-71, F-16XL, and YO-3A airplane to study propagation of sonic booms. Work geared toward developing high-speed civil transport (HSCT) aircraft. Data used to soften sonic booms from supersonic aircraft. Techniques used in experiment to measure pressures and relative aircraft separation accurately also under consideration for use in other flight research unrelated to sonic booms.
    Keywords: MECHANICS
    Type: DRC-95-32 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 20; 1; P. 68
    Format: text
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper describes ground-level measurements of sonic boom signatures made as part of the SR-71 sonic boom propagation experiment recently completed at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California. Ground level measurements were the final stage of this experiment which also included airborne measurements at near and intermediate distances from an SR-71 research aircraft. Three types of sensors were deployed to three station locations near the aircraft ground track. Pressure data were collected for flight conditions from Mach 1.25 to Mach 1.60 at altitudes from 30,000 to 48,000 ft. Ground-level measurement techniques, comparisons of data sets from different ground sensors, and sensor system strengths and weaknesses are discussed. The well-known N-wave structure dominated the sonic boom signatures generated by the SR-71 aircraft at most of these conditions. Variations in boom shape caused by atmospheric turbulence, focusing effects, or both were observed for several flights. Peak pressure and boom event duration showed some dependence on aircraft gross weight. The sonic boom signatures collected in this experiment are being compiled in a data base for distribution in support of the High Speed Research Program.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-104310 , H-2062 , NAS 1.15:104310 , NASA High Speed Research Program Sonic Boom Workshop; Sep 11, 1995 - Sep 13, 1995; Hampton, VA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: SR-71 sonic boom signatures were measured to validate sonic boom propagation prediction codes. An SR-71 aircraft generated sonic booms from Mach 1.25 to Mach 1.6, at altitudes of 31,000 to 48,000 ft, and at various gross weights. An F-16XL aircraft measured the SR-71 near-field shock waves from close to the aircraft to more than 8,000 ft below, gathering 105 signatures. A YO-3A aircraft measured the SR-71 sonic booms from 21,000 to 38,000 feet below, recording 17 passes. The sonic booms at ground level and atmospheric data were recorded for each flight. Data analysis is underway. Preliminary results show that shock wave patterns and coalescence vary with SR-71 gross weight, Mach number, and altitude. For example, noncoalesced shock wave signatures were measured by the YO-3A at 21,000 ft below the SR-71 aircraft while at a low gross weight, Mach 1.25, and 31,000-ft altitude. This paper describes the design and execution of the flight research experiment. Instrumentation and flight maneuvers of the SR-71, F-16XL, and YO-3A aircraft and sample sonic boom signatures are included.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-104307 , H-2068 , NAS 1.15:104307 , NASA High Speed Research Program Sonic Boom Workshop; Sep 11, 1995 - Sep 13, 1995; Hampton, VA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Wing compression shock shadowgraphs were observed on two flights during banked turns of an L-1011 aircraft at a Mach number of 0.85 and an altitude of 35,000 ft (10,700 m). Photos and video recording of the shadowgraphs were taken during the flights to document the shadowgraphs. Bright sunlight on the aircraft was required. The time of day, aircraft position, speed and attitudes were recorded to determine the sun azimuth and elevation relative to the wing quarter chord-line when the shadowgraphs were visible. Sun elevation and azimuth angles were documented for which the wing compression shock shadowgraphs were visible. The shadowgraph was observed for high to low elevation angles relative to the wing, but for best results high sun angles relative to the wing are desired. The procedures and equations to determine the sun azimuth and elevation angle with respect to the quarter chord-line is included in the Appendix.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NASA/TM-1998-206551 , H-2251 , NAS 1.15:206551 , Flow Visualization; Sep 01, 1998 - Sep 04, 1998; Sorrento; Italy
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 15
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This memorandum provides a brief introduction to airdata measurement and calibration. Readers will learn about typical test objectives, quantities to measure, and flight maneuvers and operations for calibration. The memorandum informs readers about tower-flyby, trailing cone, pacer, radar-tracking, and dynamic airdata calibration maneuvers. Readers will also begin to understand how some data analysis considerations and special airdata cases, including high-angle-of-attack flight, high-speed flight, and nonobtrusive sensors are handled. This memorandum is not intended to be all inclusive; this paper contains extensive reference and bibliography sections.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NASA-TM-104316 , H-2044 , NAS 1.15:104316 , Introduction to Flight Test Engineering; 1; Secti 11; AGARDograph-300
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: In-flight measurements of the SR-71 near-field sonic boom were obtained by an F-16XL airplane at flightpath separation distances from 40 to 740 ft. Twenty-two signatures were obtained from Mach 1.60 to Mach 1.84 and altitudes from 47,600 to 49,150 ft. The shock wave signatures were measured by the total and static sensors on the F-16XL noseboo. These near-field signature measurements were distorted by pneumatic attenuation in the pitot-static sensors and accounting for their effects using optimal deconvolution. Measurement system magnitude and phase characteristics were determined from ground-based step-response tests and extrapolated to flight conditions using analytical models. Deconvolution was implemented using Fourier transform methods. Comparisons of the shock wave signatures reconstructed from the total and static pressure data are presented. The good agreement achieved gives confidence of the quality of the reconstruction analysis. although originally developed to reconstruct the sonic boom signatures from SR-71 sonic boom flight tests, the methods presented here generally apply to other types of highly attenuated or distorted pneumatic measurements.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NASA TP-4000 , H-2054 , H-2943 , DFRC-968
    Format: application/pdf
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