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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Origin of upper-ocean warming and El Niño change on decadal scales in the tropical Pacific Ocean (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 391 (1998), S. 879-883 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] The cause of decadal-scale variability in the tropical Pacific Ocean—such as that marked by the 1976–77 shift in the El Niño/Southern Oscillation—is poorly understood. Unravelling the mechanism of the recent decade-long warming in the tropical upper ocean is a ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/36081
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interannual and decadal variability of the subsurface thermal structure in the Pacific Ocean: 1961–90 (1999)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 15 (1999), S. 703-717 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract  Heat content anomalies are analyzed to understand subsurface variability on both aparticular focus on the evolving basinwide patterns and oceanic connections between the extratropics and tropics. Various analyses indicate two distinct modes, one interannual and the other decadal, that involve the tropics and the North Pacific subtropical gyre, respectively. Interannual variability is associated with El Niño in the tropics, with a prominent “see-saw” pattern alternately on and off the equator, and in the east and west, respectively. The interannual cycle features a coherent propagation of subsurface signals around the tropical Pacific, eastward along the equator but westward off the equator at 10–15 °N. Decadal signals are dominant in the subtropics and midlatitudes but also have a tropical component that appears to be independent of interannual variations. An oceanic connection can be seen between subsurface anomalies in the midlatitudes, in the subtropics and tropics on decadal time scales. Subsurface thermal anomalies associated with midlatitude decadal variability can propagate through the subtropics into the tropics, which may modulate the intensity of interannual variability in the tropics. For example, in the middle and late 1970s, a significant warm temperature anomaly appeared to penetrate into the western and central tropics at depth, warming the tropical upper ocean and depressing the thermocline. During the development of El Niño, therefore, an extratropically preconditioned subsurface state (e.g., an enhanced positive heat content anomaly) in the western and central tropical Pacific would favor a warmer sea surface temperature anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific, potentially increasing the intensity of ocean-atmosphere coupling. These changes in the thermocline structure and possibly in the coupling strength can further alter the very character of tropical air-sea interactions. This may help to explain decadal variability of El Niño evolution in the tropical Pacific as observed in the 1980s. Our subsurface variability analysis presents observational evidence for the detailed space-time structure of decadal oceanic links between the extratropics and the tropics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050311
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  • 3
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    Environmental signatures associated with cholera epidemics (2008)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-11-10
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Digitale ISSN: 1091-6490
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Publiziert von National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    Estimating the global oceanic net freshwater flux from Argo and comparing it with satellite-based freshwater flux products (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-06
    Beschreibung: Following the idea that analysis of in-situ information in the salt budget could be used as a surrogate for global “ocean rain gauge”, the annual mean oceanic net freshwater flux (E-P) was estimated from the Argo profiles and the wind stress data on a global scale. The comparison between the independent E-P estimation from Argo and the E-P product sets, including the combination of precipitation from TRMM, GPCP, CMAP and evaporation from OAFlux, GSSTF3 and IFREMER and E-P set from NEWS formed from satellite, generally show similar spatial patterns, particularly on the larg scale. However, there are differences among the different satellite-based E-P estimates and between satellite estimates and independent in-situ estimates. Based on the pattern correlation and the RMSD, the evaporation and precipitation from OAFlux and TRMM agrees best with the E-P estimated from the independent Argo-based estimates.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Wiley im Namen von American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Freshwater flux and ocean chlorophyll produce nonlinear feedbacks in the tropical Pacific (2018)
    American Meteorological Society (AMS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018
    Beschreibung: Journal of Climate, Ahead of Print. 〈br/〉
    Print ISSN: 0894-8755
    Digitale ISSN: 1520-0442
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von American Meteorological Society (AMS)
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  • 6
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    Impact of sea surface salinity assimilation on coupled forecasts in the tropical Pacific (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-05-14
    Beschreibung: In this paper, we assess the impact of sea surface salinity (SSS) observations on seasonal variability of tropical dynamics as well as on dynamical El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forecasts using a hybrid coupled model (HCM). The HCM is composed of a primitive equation ocean model coupled with a singular value decomposition–based statistical atmospheric model. An Ensemble Reduced Order Kalman Filter (EROKF) is used to assimilate observations to constrain tropical Pacific dynamics and thermodynamics for initialization of the HCM. Rather than trying to produce the best possible operational forecasts, point-wise subsurface temperature (sTz) has been assimilated separately and together with gridded observed sea surface salinity (SSS) from optimal interpolation to more efficiently isolate the impact of SSS. Coupled experiments are then initiated from these EROKF initial conditions and run for 12 months for each month, 1993–2007. The results show that adding SSS to sTz assimilation improves coupled forecasts for 6–12 month lead times. The main benefit of SSS assimilation comes from improvement to the spring predictability barrier (SPB) period. SSS assimilation increases correlation for 6–12 month forecasts by 0.2–0.5 and reduces RMS error by 0.3°C–0.6°C for forecasts initiated between December and March, a period key to long-lead ENSO forecasts. The positive impact of SSS assimilation originates from warm pool and Southern Hemisphere salinity anomalies. Improvements are brought about by fresh anomalies at the equator which increases stability, reduces mixing, and shoals the thermocline which concentrates the wind impact of ENSO coupling. This effect is most pronounced in June–August, helping to explain the improvement in the SPB. In addition, we show that SSS impact on coupled forecasts is more pronounced for the period 1993–2001 than for the period 2002–2007 due to the improved inherent predictability associated with the strong 1997–1998 ENSO. Rather than being the final say for the issue of SSS assimilation, this study should be considered as a necessary first step. Future work is still required to assess issues such as SSS satellite data coverage and the complementary nature of satellite/in situ assimilation. However, these results foreshadow the important positive potential impact that gridded satellite SSS provided by missions such as SMOS and Aquarius/SAC-D will have on coupled model predictions.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Wiley im Namen von American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Impact of Aquarius and SMAP Satellite Sea Surface Salinity Observations on Coupled El Niño/Southern Oscillation Forecasts (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    Beschreibung: Abstract This study demonstrates the positive impact of including gridded Aquarius and SMAP sea surface salinity (SSS) into initialization of intermediate complexity coupled model forecasts for the tropical Indo‐Pacific. An experiment that assimilates conventional ocean observations serves as the control. In a separate experiment, Aquarius and SMAP satellite SSS are additionally assimilated into the coupled model initialization. Analysis of the initialization differences with the control indicates that SSS assimilation causes a freshening and shallowing of the mixed layer depth (MLD) near the equator and enhanced Kelvin wave amplitude. For each month from September 2011 to September 2017, 12 month coupled ENSO forecasts are initialized from both the control and satellite SSS assimilation experiments. The experiment assimilating Aquarius and SMAP SSS significantly outperforms the control relative to observed NINO3.4 sea surface temperature anomalies. This work highlights the potential importance of inclusion of satellite SSS for improving the initialization of operational ENSO coupled forecasts.
    Print ISSN: 2169-9275
    Digitale ISSN: 2169-9291
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Wiley im Namen von American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Remotely sensed biological production in the equatorial Pacific (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-07-21
    Beschreibung: A combination of ship, buoy, and satellite observations in the tropical Pacific during the period from 1992 to 2000 provides a basin-scale perspective on the net effects of El Nino and La Nina on biogeochemical cycles. New biological production during the 1997-99 El Nino/La Nina period varied by more than a factor of 2. The resulting interannual changes in global carbon sequestration associated with the El Nino/La Nina cycle contributed to the largest known natural perturbation of the global carbon cycle over these time scales.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Turk, D -- McPhaden, M J -- Busalacchi, A J -- Lewis, M R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 20;293(5529):471-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4J1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11463910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Atmosphere ; *Biomass ; Carbon/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide ; Pacific Ocean ; Phytoplankton/*metabolism ; Satellite Communications ; Temperature ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    An Improved Procedure for EI Nino Forecasting: Implications for Predictability (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1995-09-22
    Beschreibung: A coupled ocean-atmosphere data assimilation procedure yields improved forecasts of El Nino for the 1980s compared with previous forecasting procedures. As in earlier forecasts with the same model, no oceanic data were used, and only wind information was assimilated. The improvement is attributed to the explicit consideration of air-sea interaction in the initialization. These results suggest that EI Nino is more predictable than previously estimated, but that predictability may vary on decadal or longer time scales. This procedure also eliminates the well-known spring barrier to EI Nino prediction, which implies that it may not be intrinsic to the real climate system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, D -- Zebiak, S E -- Busalacchi, A J -- Cane, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 22;269(5231):1699-702.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17821639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Climate change. Hell and high water: practice-relevant adaptation science (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-11-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moss, R H -- Meehl, G A -- Lemos, M C -- Smith, J B -- Arnold, J R -- Arnott, J C -- Behar, D -- Brasseur, G P -- Broomell, S B -- Busalacchi, A J -- Dessai, S -- Ebi, K L -- Edmonds, J A -- Furlow, J -- Goddard, L -- Hartmann, H C -- Hurrell, J W -- Katzenberger, J W -- Liverman, D M -- Mote, P W -- Moser, S C -- Kumar, A -- Pulwarty, R S -- Seyller, E A -- Turner, B L 2nd -- Washington, W M -- Wilbanks, T J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 8;342(6159):696-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1239569.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24202163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Climate Change ; *Disaster Planning ; *Floods ; Research/*organization & administration ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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