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Fermentation and toxin studies of the molluscicidal strains ofBacillus brevis (1994)

Singer, Samuel ; Bair, Thomas B. ; Hammill, Terry B. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 13 (1994), S. 112-119

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ISSN: 1476-5535

Keywords: MolluscicidalBacillus toxin ; Bacillus brevis ; Biomphalaria glabrata ; Biocontrol of snails ; Antioxidant preservation of toxin ; Secondary fermentation factor

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: Summary Strain SS86-4 was one of 40Bacillus brevis strains shown to be molluscicidal to the schistosomiasis snail vectorBiomphalaria glabrata. When grown in mB4 medium in 2-L fermentors, SS86-4 was molluscicidal only if fructose or phenylalanine was present in the medium. This is reminiscent of secondary fermentation factor effects, in this case an antioxidant effect. In vivo proteases also were capable of reducing molluscicidal activity. The molluscicidal toxin has an LC50 of 1 μg toxin protein ml−1 (approx. 1 p.p.m.) and may be described as a small proteinaceous, heat-stable, oxygen-sensitive entity associated with the particulate portion of the cell wall fraction ofB. brevis that is formed prior to sporulation. Initial information indicates that its HPLC signature shows major peaks at 148.37 and 163.96 s and consists of two bands of approximately 5.3 kDa and 8.7 kDa on PAGE gel.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01584108

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Characterization of rice α-amylase isozymes expressed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)

Terashima, M. ; Katoh, S. ; Thomas, B. R. ; [et al.]

Springer

Applied microbiology and biotechnology 43 (1995), S. 1050-1055

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ISSN: 1432-0614

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: Abstract Two rice α-amylase isozymes, AmylA and Amy3D, were produced by secretion from genetically engineered strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. They have distinct differences in enzymatic characteristics that can be related to the physiology of the germinating rice seed. The rice isozymes were purified with immunoaffinity chromatography. The pH optima for amy3D (pH optimum 5.5) and Amy1A (pH optimum 4.2) correlate with the pH of the endosperm tissue at the times in rice seedling development when these isozymes are produced. Amy3D showed 10–14 times higher reactivity to oligosaccharides than Amy1A. Amy1A, on the other hand, showed higher reactivity to soluble starch and starch granules than Amy3D. These results suggest that the isozyme Amy3D, which is expressed at an early stage of germination, produces sugars from soluble starch during the early stage of seed germination and that the isozyme Amy1A works to initiate hydrolysis of the starch granules.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00166924

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Colonization and degradation of oxidized bituminous and lignite coals by fungi (1990)

Stewart, D. L. ; Thomas, B. L. ; Bean, R. M. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 6 (1990), S. 53-59

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ISSN: 1476-5535

Keywords: Bituminous coal ; Biosolubilization ; Penicillium sp. ; Surface colonization

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: Summary APenicillium sp. previously shown to grow on lignite coals degraded an air-oxidized bituminous coal (Illinois #6) to a material that was more than 80% soluble in 0.5 N NaOH. Scanning electron microscopy of the oxidized Illinois #6 revealed colonization of the surface by thePenicillium sp., production of conidia, and erosion of the coal surface. The average molecular weight (MW) of Illinois #6 degraded by the fungus and base-solubilized was approximately 1000 Da. The average MW for base-solubilized Illinois #6 that was not exposed to the fungus was 6000 Da, suggesting solubilizing mechanisms other than base catalysis. A spectrophotometric assay to quantify the microbial conversion of biosolubilized coal was developed. Standard curves were constructed based on the absorbance at 450 nm of different quantities of microbe-solubilized coal. An acid precipitation step was necessary to remove medium and/or microbial metabolites from solubilized coal to prevent overestimation of the extent of coal biosolubilization. Furthermore, the absorption spectra for different coal products varied, necessitating construction of standard curves for individual coals.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01576177

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