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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1991)
    Springer
    The journal of technology transfer 16 (1991), S. 43-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7047
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02371356
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Supersonic Pulse, Plasma Sampling Mass Spectrometry: Theory and Practice (1999)
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 19 (1999), S. 513-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Keywords: ECR-microwave plasma ; mass spectrometry ; pulse/sampling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Supersonic pulse, plasma sampling mass spectrometry is described, with an emphasis on the physical mechanism by which species originally within the plasma are incorporated into the supersonically expanding noble gas pulse. This new method is based on the release of a short burst of noble gas into the high vacuum environment of an ECR-microwave plasma. Upon expansion through the plasma region, species originally present in the plasma become incorporated in the noble gas pulse and are detected by quadrupole mass spectrometry. The mechanism of the incorporation process is investigated through measurement of the time-of-flight velocity distributions of both the noble gas and species incorporated into the pulse. Incorporation is shown to be the result of supercooled noble gas clustering around the incorporated species, which act as nucleation sites for the condensation. It is this unique sampling method which makes this technique capable of providing a chemical snapshot of the plasma composition. Practical applications of this technique include the investigation of the composition of diamond deposition plasmas and the etching of silicon with chlorine. The investigations of diamond plasmas include the observation of a plasma that contains at least 40% of the radical species C 2 H 3 .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021834527218
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Material characterization and biological evaluation of calcium pyrophosphates for use as bone graft substitutes (1993)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 21 (1993), S. 737-738 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02368655
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RF plasma treatment of metallic implant surfaces (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 3 (1992), S. 39-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Radio-frequency air plasma treatments of Ti-6-4 and Co-Cr implants increased surface wettability but concurrently increased ionic release. In vitro tissue culture experiments demonstrated no enhancement of cell growth and enrichment. Short-term rabbit tibial implants also showed no difference between treated and untreated implants.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770030107
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new technique for quantitation of metal particulates and metal reaction products in tissues near implants (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 5 (1994), S. 191-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Tissue specimens retrieved from four regions adjacent to hip implants during revision surgery were subjected to a novel treatment to make possible the quantitative separation of residual metal particulates and metal reaction products (metal ions and metal-protein complexes). The tissues were exposed to sodium hypochlorite solution that degraded and solubilized them, liberating metal reaction products and leaving behind metal wear particles, which were separated by centrifugation. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to analyze the concentrations of the separated metal ions and wear particles. Co ion concentrations were 0.05 to 0.9 mM, Cr ion concentrations were 0.04 to 2.1 mM, and Ti ion concentrations were 0.30 to 0.60 mM. The weight of Co metal particles was 0.1 to 4.9 mg/100 mg tissue, of Cr metal particles 0.07 to 2.2 mg/100 mg tissue, and of Ti particles 0.09 to 5.2 mg/100 mg tissue; one black tissue sample contained 3333 mg Ti/100 mg tissue. No correlation was found between the concentrations of these two entities in the samples examined, probably due to the complex and varied processes creating them. The procedures discussed here will result in data that can help elucidate the separate contributions of metal reaction products and metal particulates to implant loosening. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770050303
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and performance of calcium phosphate coatings for implants (ASTM STP 1196). Horowitz, E.; Parr, J. E., eds. Philadelphia, PA: American society for testing and materials; 1994 (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 6 (1995), S. 301-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770060411
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of glass-ceramic bone implant materials on the in vitro formation of hydroxyapatite (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 22 (1988), S. 1033-1041 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The extracts of four glass-ceramic bone implant materials were investigated for dissolved material, for effects on in vitro formation of hydroxyapatite, and for surface morphology of glass-ceramic particles in scanning electron microscopy. In vitro leaching released substances that affected in vitro formation of hydroxyapatite, i.e., initiation time and growth of crystals. Leaching also changed the surface morphology of the materials. The ability of the materials to bond to bone did not correlate with the inhibition of hydroxyapatite formation by the released substances. Surface morphology and other factors at present not yet known are probably involved in controlling the bonding to bone of these ceramics.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820221107
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of surface plasma treatment on the chemical, physical, morphological, and mechanical properties of totally absorbable bone internal fixation devices (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 28 (1994), S. 289-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this work was threefold: to enhance the adhesion between the reinforced absorbable calcium phosphate (CaP) fibers and the absorbable polyglycolide acid (PGA) matrix, to improve the hydrolytic degradation of the CaP fibers, and preliminarily to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the plasma treated surface of CaP fibers. CH4 plasma treatment was used to achieve these goals. The microbond method was used to evaluate the effects of the plasma treatment on the interfacial shear strength between the PGA matrix and CaP fibers. The treatment increased the mean interfacial shear strength of the CaP/PGA composite system by 30%. AFM data showed that CH4-treated CaP fibers had considerable microscopic surface roughness, which facilitated mechanical interlocking between the reinforced CaP fibers and PGA matrix. The untreated and plasma-treated fibers were also subjected to in vitro hydrolytic degradation in a phosphate buffer solution of pH 7.44 at 37°C for up to 15 h. CH4 plasma treatment resulted in a considerable lower polar term of the surface energy and a significantly higher disperse term in water media. This change in the proportion of surface energy terms may reduce the capillary wicking phenomena of water through the CaP fiber/PGA matrix interface. The CaP fiber dissolution studies revealed that both CH4 and Parylene plasma polymer coatings appeared to reduce the solubility of CaP fibers, and that the magnitude of reduction was higher in an acidic than a physiologic pH environment. A preliminary cytotoxicity test revealed that both CH4 and Parylene plasma-treated CaP fibers were noncytotoxic. Additional research should be done to determine the optimum plasma conditions and the possible use of other plasma gases to improve the interfacial shear stress of the composite and the dissolution properties of CaP fibers. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820280303
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electrical resistance study of the precipitation reaction in a gold-platinum-iron alloyThis paper is based in part on a thesis submitted by J. R. Sims, Jr., in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the M.S. degree, Marquette University, August 1968. (1973)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 7 (1973), S. 497-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The aging reaction of a 90 wt-% gold, 10 wt-% platinum alloy with nominal iron concentrations of 0.04, 0.08, and 0.16 wt-% iron has been studied using electrical resistance measurements. The electrical resistance was measured as a function of temperature from 300 to 750°C. A decrease in electrical resistance was observed occurring at 350 to 450°C, when heating the solution treated and water quenched specimens containing iron. Subsequent heating and cooling curves follow the gold-platinum standard. Isothermal electrical resistance measurements were made as a function of time. The data from the specimen containing a nominal iron concentration of 0.16 wt-% iron was analyzed using the Johnson-Mehl equation. The shape parameter n was found to vary as a function of aging temperature from n = 0.6 to n = 1. These results have been rationalized in terms of a model involving precipitation of FePt3 at dislocations (400°C) and FePt3 in the shape of a rod at 500°C.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820070603
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of apatite formation by titanium and vanadium ions (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 23 (1989), S. 13-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Ti4+ and V5+ ions were studied in two biologically relevant in vitro test systems to determine their effect on hydroxyapatite (HA) formation. System 1 involved direct HA precipitation from solution, and system 2 dealt with the growth of HA seed crystals. The experiments were carried out in a pH-stat by continuously recording NaOH uptake, which follows HA formation kinetics, at pH 7.4, 37°C, and 0.15 MNaCl. In systems 1 and 2, Ti decreased HA formation kinetics in a dose-related manner without delaying the onset of HA formation. For V, the rate of HA proliferation decreased in system 1 in a dose-related manner, but the curves displayed a complicated shape. In system 2, V brought about a decrease in the HA seeded growth rate. Previous work has shown that A1 blocks HA proliferation by adsorbing to active growth sites on the surface of HA crystals. By contrast, in this study V was found not to be adsorbed to the surface of HA. The mechanism of action of V probably involves the poorly understood hydrolysis and solution complex formation chemistry of the metal ion. We have shown here that V ions form V-PO4 complexes in solution in the HA formation systems; undoubtedly these are involved in the mechanism of V inhibition of HA formation. On the other hand, Ti was shown to bind to the surface of HA crystals in this study, which means that the ion may poison active crystal growth sites, as does aluminum. Ti-6Al-4V alloy is widely used in cementless total hip implants. Previous studies have shown that Ti concentrations 10 to 100 times higher than used here accumulate in osseous tissues around porous Ti implants in dogs 6 to 12 months after implantation. Ions leaching out over long periods of time into the implant interface could interfere with the normal osteoid mineralization and remodeling processes of bone in that region, which would result in subsequent loosening of the implant. This research suggests that further in vitro and animal studies should be carried out to determine the extent of Ti and V ion leaching from implants and their effect on tissue mineralization.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820231305
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