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  • Articles  (1,583)
  • 1990-1994  (1,556)
  • 1955-1959  (27)
  • Technology  (1,583)
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  • Articles  (1,583)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coupling losses in superconducting, torus-shaped wires due to applied magnetic field changes (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of engineering mathematics 26 (1992), S. 395-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2703
    Keywords: superconductors ; magnet stability ; ac losses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The stationary electric field, current pattern and coupling losses in a multfilamentary, superconducting, twisted, torus-shaped wire are calculated for a torus placed in a homogeneous magnetic field increasing in time at a constant rate and parallel to the torus plane. The radius of the wire is considered to be small compared to the mean radius of the torus. An important parameter for the problem is the ratio between the twist length of the superconducting filaments and the mean radius of the torus. In the configuration considered this parameter is small. The coupling losses are approximately inversely proportional to the square of this ratio. Furthermore, for the wire to have unsaturated parts, the analysis shows that the rate of change of the magnetic field must decrease when this ratio increases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042742
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The free-boundary problem for the die-swell of a viscous fluid (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of engineering mathematics 24 (1990), S. 167-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract When a viscous fluid is extruded from a capillary or an annular die, the thickness of the fluid jet is in general unequal to the width of the die. This phenomenon is called “die-swell” and is studied in this paper for a die made up of two parallel plates. It is assumed that no slip will occur between the fluid and the plates, and that the pressure in the space into which the fluid is emitted is constant and uniform. The fluid surface is a free streamline. Its shape is calculated with the use of complex-function theory and conformal-mapping techniques. The predicted ratio of swell is found to be in full agreement with known finite-element results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00129872
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amount and surface structure of albumin adsorbed to solid substrata with different wettabilities in a parallel plate flow cell (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 24 (1990), S. 1599-1614 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In this article we studied the adsorption of serum albumin to substrata with a broad range of wettabilities from solutions with protein concentrations between 0.03 and 3.00 mg · mL-1 in a parallel-plate flow cell. Wall shear rates were varied between 20 and 2000 s-1. The amount of albumin adsorbed in a stationary state was always highest on PTFE, the most hydrophobic material employed and decreased with increasing wettability of the substrata. Increasing stationary amounts of adsorbed albumin were observed with increasing wall shear rates at the lowest protein concentration. Inverse observations were made at the highest protein concentration. Transmission electron micrographs of replicas from the albumin-coated substrata showed that proteins were mostly adsorbed in islandlike structures on the hydrophobic substrata. The tendency to form islandlike structures was shear rate- and concentration-dependent and disappeared gradually going to more hydrophilic substrata. On glass, the most hydrophilic material employed, a homogeneous, well distributed, fine knotted, reticulated structure was found. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that both the amount of adsorbed albumin as well as the surface structure of the adsorbed proteins are regulated by the substratum wettability. This observation may well account for the fact that substratum properties can be transferred by an adsorbed protein film to the interface with adhering cells or microorganisms.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820241205
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Student research award in the graduate degree candidate category, 16th annual meeting of the society for biomaterials, Charleston, SC, May 20-23, 1990. Investigation of a hydroxyapatite and calcium sulfate composite supplemented with an osteoinductive factor (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 24 (1990), S. 639-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In the search for a suitable bone graft substitute, a study was conducted using a material that combined a proven osteconductive composite, hydroxyapatite-calcium sulfate (HA/CS), with an osteoinductive factor, bovine osteogenic factor (OF). The initial study demonstrated the osteoinductive potential of OF in the rabbit muscle model. Once satisfied that the OF was active, it was added to the HA/CS composite and placed in 8-mm trephine defects in the rabbit cranium. This HA/CS/OF was directly compared to HA/CS augmented with a control protein, rabbit serum albumin (RSA). Animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks. Results demonstrated increased bone formation with the addition of the OF to the composite with bridging of the defects, in most cases, by 4 weeks. No bridging was seen, at this time period, in the other defects left unfilled or filled with HA/CS/RSA. Osteogenic factor, with the appropriate delivery system, can induce bone formation in the rabbit muscle. It may also increase the rate of bone formation at early time periods in a bony defect site when the delivery system is the osteconductive composite HA/CS.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820240602
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Titanium fiber mesh anchorage for percutaneous devices applicable for peritoneal dialysis (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 28 (1994), S. 1321-1328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In previous experiments a new type of percutaneous device for implantation in soft tissue was designed. The subcutaneous component of the new device consists of a sintered titanium fiber web. The percutaneous devices are inserted by a so-called „two-phase“ surgical technique with an intervening healing period of 3 months between the insertion of the subcutaneous flange and the placement of the percutaneous part. From a clinical point of view, this time interval is too long. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate a possible reduction of the intervening healing period. The implants were inserted in the backs of 18 rebbits. In each rabbit, six implants were placed with intervals of 1 week. Consequently, at the end of the experiment, in each rabbit six implants were present with implantation periods ranging from 5-10 weeks. After 10 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the implants with their surrounding tissues were processed histologically. Light microscopic and histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that there was no difference in tissue response between the various implantation periods. Furthermore, it was found that the fiber mesh material showed good biocompatible behavior. In conclusion, the experiment has demonstrated that for titanium mesh percutaneous devices a 5-week healing period is sufficient between the installation of the subcutaneous and percutaneous parts. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820281110
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of superficial tumours on the bladder wall (1990)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 5 (1990), S. 5-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Photodynamic therapy ; Superficial bladder tumours ; Dosimetry ; Isotropic light sensors ; Photosensitizers ; Wavelength of irradiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of superficial tumours on the bladder wall is described. Details are given on the laser, methods of delivering light into the bladder, suitable commercial dosimetry systems and instrumentation suitable for making light measurements on the bladder wall during therapy. New alternative photosensitizers are discussed in some detail. Some early clinical results are presented and the current problems with this type of therapy are highlighted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032616
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary experience with the 1.32 μm neodymium-YAG laser in the treatment of tracheobronchial malignancy (1991)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 6 (1991), S. 407-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Laser bronchoscopy ; 1.32μm Nd-YAG laser
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Endoscopic laser treatment for tracheobronchial malignancy is usually given with the neodymium-YAG laser using the 1.064μm output beam. However, recent experimental work suggests that the 1.32μm output beam of this laser has more desirable tissue effects. We have now treated 55 patients with the 1.32μm Nd-YAG laser (MBB-Medizintechnic) under general anaesthesia, using power settings of 10–20 W and pulse durations of up to 1 s. The indications for treatment were localized airway obstruction in each case. Airway calibre was improved in 46 (84%) patients and this was associated with an improvement in symptoms of cough and breathlessness. Patients with tracheal and carinal obstruction exhibited the most striking clinical improvements with up to four-fold increases in peak expiratory flow. In patients with more peripheral endobronchial obstruction, treatment improved airway calibre less frequently and resulted in a smaller clinical improvement. Of 11 patients with obstruction of a main bronchus and lung collapse, treatment led to partial or complete re-expansion in 10 cases (91%). The 1.32μm wavelength allows treatment to be conducted efficiently and safely but at a considerably lower power than is required for the 1.064μmwavelength. The ability to use low powers has the apparent advantage of generating only negligible quantities of smoke. Our experience with this new laser system demonstrates its considerable potential in the management of tracheobronchial malignancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02042463
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excimer laser coronary angioplasty: Initial experience in Amsterdam (1991)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 6 (1991), S. 281-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Coronary angioplasty ; Excimer laser ; Light fluence rate distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports on the initial clinical experience with 308 nm XeCl-excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) in the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam and on calculations of light fluence rate distributions resulting from laser beams incident on tissue. Monte Carlo numerical computations were used to compute the light fluence rate distributions of a finite 308 nm excimer laser beam with various diameters incident on a liquid-tissue interface. It was found that light scattering is an important component in the resulting light distribution in aortic tissue. The calculations predict that there will be hardly any broadening of the beam outside the laser beam area. Therefore, the distributions from different fibres in multifibre catheters will not overlap unless the fibres are closely packed together. As a consequence of scattering the fluence rate at the surface of the tissue was larger than the incident power density and showed a considerable decrease from the centre to the edge of the beam. However, the physics of tissue ablation by fibres in contact with tissue are different and at present not well understood. The clinical results of the first 18 patients treated with the Dymer 200+ excimer laser (Advanced Interventional Systems, Irvine, CA, USA) are given. Six patients had abrupt closure solved by balloon angioplasty, but complicated by a small myocardial infarction. One patient had emergency by-pass surgery for abrupt closure after laser followed by balloon angioplasty (probably a dissection and thrombus). In one patient we perforated in a bend of a RCA with a 2.0 catheter following a second pass. We had two in hospital deaths (4 and 14 days after treatment). At 6 months follow-up, eight patients had restenosis or occlusion at the lased segment. However, the results of the first 1000 patients enrolled in the American ELCA-Registry are more promising. In the light of these results it can be concluded that a randomized trial balloon angioplasty versus excimer laser angioplasty appears to be indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02030881
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron scattering and dissociative attachment by SF6 and its electrical-discharge by-products (1993)
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 13 (1993), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Keywords: Attachment rates ; cross section ; dissociative attachment ; electron scattering ; SF6, SF4, SO2, SOF2, SOF4, SO2F2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Discrete electron-molecule processes relevant to SF6 etching plasmas are examined. Absolute, total scattering cross sections for 0.2–12-eV electrons on SF6, SO2, SOF2, SO2F2, SOF4, and SF4, as well as cross sections for negative-ion formation by attachment of electrons, have been measured. These are used to calculate dissociative-attachment rate coefficients as a function ofE/N for SF6 by-products in SF6.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01447167
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic and molecular emission spectroscopy on an expanding argon/methane plasma (1994)
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 14 (1994), S. 15-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Keywords: Expanding cascaded arc plasma ; a-C:H deposition ; atomic emission spectroscopy ; molecular emission spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A supersonically expanding cascaded arc plasma in argon is analyzed axperimentally by emission spectroscopy. The thermal cascaded arc plasma is allowed to expand through a conically shaped nozzle in the arc anode into the vacuum vessel. In the nozzle monomers (C n H v ) are injected. The monomers are dissociated and ionized by the argon carrier plasma, and transported toward a substrate by means of the expansion. Emission spectroscopy is used to obtain temperatures and particle densities. By varying external parameters (e.g., arc power, gas flow rates) plasma parameters can be linked with (e.g. parameters (e.g., refractive index).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01448735
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