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  • Articles  (20)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (20)
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  • Articles  (20)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 20 (2000), S. 699-722 
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Research on human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) has received much attention in recent years. However, it started about a century ago with the observation that oligosaccharides might be growth factors for a so-called bifidus flora in breast-fed infants and extends to the recent finding of cell adhesion molecules in human milk. The latter are involved in inflammatory events recognizing carbohydrate sequences that also can be found in human milk. The similarities between epithelial cell surface carbohydrates and oligosaccharides in human milk strengthen the idea that specific interactions of those oligosaccharides with pathogenic microorganisms do occur preventing the attachment of microbes to epithelial cells. HMOs may act as soluble receptors for different pathogens, thus increasing the resistance of breast-fed infants. However, we need to know more about the metabolism of oligosaccharides in the gastrointestinal tract. How far are oligosaccharides degraded by intestinal enzymes and does oligosaccharide processing (e.g. degradation, synthesis, and elongation of core structures) occur in intestinal epithelial cells? Further research on HMOs is certainly needed to increase our knowledge of infant nutrition as it is affected by complex oligosaccharides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 124 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A protocol for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Brassica napus mesophyll protoplasts is described. A strain with a neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) gene and a KCS gene under control of a napin promoter was used at co-cultivation. Transformed protoplasts were regenerated to fertile and morphologically normal transgenic plants. Transformants were confirmed by PCR of the nptII gene and NAP/KCS expression cassette, and Southern blot analysis. Seeds of the transformants showed a changed fatty acid profile: two transformants had a higher erucic acid level and differed significantly from that of B. napus. Genetic analysis of the progeny revealed that the kanamycin resistance introduced was inherited in a Mendelian fashion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of forest research 38 (1916), S. 177-195 
    ISSN: 1612-4677
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 35 (1996), S. 22-31 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Oligosaccharide ; Frauenmilch ; Kuhmilch ; Säuglingsformulae ; Lactose-derived oligosaccharides ; human milk ; bovine milk ; infant formula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary About a century ago, pediatricians observed that in feces of breast-fed infants, compared to those of bottle-fed infants,Bifidobacterium bifidum was the predominant microorganism. It was shown thereafter that aminosugarcontaining oligosaccharides are growth factors for a specific strain of Bifidobacterium. Meanwhile, more than 130 lactose-derived oligosaccharides have been identified in human milk. Some of these oligosaccharides like Lacto-N-Tetraose and Lacto-N-Fucopentaose I and II do not occur in minute amounts but in concentrations up to 1–2 g/L. As the total amount of complex oligosaccharides is between 3–6 g/L those components have to be considered as major human milk constituents. There is striking evidence that human milk oligosaccharides are potent inhibitors of bacterial adhesion to epithelial surfaces, an initial stage of infective processes. Therefore, these oligosaccharides are considered to be soluble receptor analogues of epithelial cell surfaces participating in the non-immunological defense system of human milk-fed infants.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Um die Jahrhundertwende beobachtete man, daß bei gestillten Kindern die Keimbesiedlung des Darmtraktes vorwiegend aus Bifidusbakterien besteht. Bei sog. Flaschenkindern dagegen fand man eine wesentlich ungünstigere Zusammensetzung der Darmflora mit vorwiegend pathogenen Keimen. Mitte der 50er Jahren wurde nachgewiesen, daß dieses Wachstum auf Oligosaccharide in Frauenmilch, die Aminozucker enthalten, zurückzuführen ist. Mittlerweile sind mehr als 130 Oligosaccharide in Frauenmilch charakterisiert worden, die teilweise fucosyliert und/oder sialyliert sind. Die Konzentrationen einzelner Komponenten wie der Lacto-N-Tetraose und der beiden Lacto-N-Fucopentaosen I und II schwanken zwischen 0,5 und 2 g/L. Da der Gesamtgehalt zwischen 3–6 g/L liegt, muß man sie zu den Hauptmilchinhaltsstoffen zählen. Unterschiede sowohl im Gehalt als auch im Muster zwischen Milch von Frauen mit Früh- und solchen mit Reifgeburten wurden bisher nicht festgestellt. Es gibt immer mehr Hinweise darauf, daß Oligosaccharide in Frauenmilch potentielle Inhibitoren der Anhaftung von Bakterien und Viren an Epithelzellen sind, wodurch der erste Schritt eines Infektionsvorgangs beeinflußt werden könnte. Daher werden solche Oligosaccharide als lösliche Rezeptoranaloga zu Kohlenhydratstrukturen auf Epithelzellen angesehen, die möglicherweise zu einer besseren Infektabwehr von Neugeborenen führen, die mit Frauenmilch ernährt werden.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-01-18
    Description: Ectomycorrhiza (EM) formation improves tree growth and nutrient acquisition, particularly that of nitrogen (N). Few studies have coupled the effects of naturally occurring EM morphotypes to the nutrition of host trees. To investigate this, pine seedlings were grown on raw humus substrates collected at two forest sites, R2 and R3. Ectomycorrhiza morphotypes were identified, and their respective N uptake rates from organic (2- 13 C, 15 N-glycine) and inorganic ( 15 NH 4 Cl, Na 15 NO 3 , 15 NH 4 NO 3 , NH 4 15 NO 3 ) sources as well as their phosphate uptake rates were determined. Subsequently, the growth and nutritional status of the seedlings were analyzed. Two dominant EM morphotypes displayed significantly different mycorrhization rates in the two substrates. Rhizopogon luteolus Fr. (RL) was dominant in R2 and Suillus bovinus (Pers.) Kuntze (SB) was dominant in R3. 15 N uptake of RL EM was at all times higher than that of SB EM. Phosphate uptake rates by the EM morphotypes did not differ significantly. The number of RL EM correlated negatively and the number of SB EM correlated positively with pine growth rate. Increased arginine concentrations and critical P/N ratios in needles indicated nutrient imbalances of pine seedlings from humus R2, predominantly mycorrhizal with RL. We conclude that different N supply in raw humus under Scots pine stands can induce shifts in the EM frequency of pine seedlings, and this may lead to EM formation by fungal strains with different ability to support tree growth.
    Print ISSN: 0829-318X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-4469
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1996-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0044-264X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-1293
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2009-06-21
    Print ISSN: 1436-6207
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2002-04-01
    Print ISSN: 1436-6207
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2015-10-17
    Print ISSN: 1436-6207
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1987-09-01
    Description: The leaf terpene composition of 645 individual lodgepole pine trees and 79 bulked samples from 111 different sites or provenances and from one putative and three western jack pine populations (10 trees each) were analyzed by gas chromatography. Numerical analysis by a centroid cluster analysis of the mean squared Euclidean distances was carried out, and percentile distributions of the individual terpenes were plotted. The data obtained confirmed the previous subdivision into the major terpene pattern types A, B, and C (or H) and five subgroups (based on the high modes in bimodal distributions); four additional subgroups were added. Except for typical coastal populations, inter- and intra-populational terpene pattern variation was high. Centroid clustering and assignment of terpene types and subgroups lead to some distinct geographical groupings. Coastal populations (ssp. contorta) were found to be rather unifornm and only a minor difference appears to exist between northern and southern populations. Those near Haines, Alaska, the Skeena Valley, southeastern Vancouver Island, and the Puget Sound showed intermediacy with interior (ssp. latifolia) stands. The Fort Bragg (ssp. bolanderi) and Samoa populations from northern coastal California contained many trees with unique terpene patterns. The interior populations (ssp. latifolia) were highly variable and inverse frequencies of the type A (high near the coast) and type B (high in and near the Rocky Mountains) were recorded in several west-east transects. Introgression with jack pine, as measured by the frequency of type C/H patterns, was extensive in northeastern Alberta and the Peace River area of British Columbia. However, some difficulty in describing recent introgression was encountered. A unique (possibly archaic) population was encountered at Petitot River. The ssp. murrayana from the southern Cascades of Oregon and northern California could not be distinguished from ssp. latifolia further north by the terpenoid data.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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