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  • Articles  (20)
  • Chemistry  (20)
  • 1965-1969  (20)
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (20)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymers of starch. III. Copolymerization of gelatinized wheat starch with acrylonitrile. Influence of chain modifiers on copolymer compositionProd. No. 1476 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 457-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study was made of the influence of selected chain modifiers on both the molecular weight of grafted polyacrylonitrile and the grafting frequency of the starch-polyacrylo-nitrile graft copolymer. Gelatinized wheat starch was used with ceric ammonium nitrate as the initiator. The organic chain modifiers investigated were ethyl mercaptan, 1-dodecanethiol, methyl ethyl ketone, acetaldehyde, and chloroform. Sodium chromate, cupric bromide, cupric nitrate, cupric acetate, and cupric chloride were also tested as chain modifiers. In the presence of cupric chloride, there was a tenfold reduction in the molecular weight of grafted polyacrylonitrile; however, fewer chains were grafted to the starch backbone than were observed without cupric chloride.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110312
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of crosslinking effects in cotton fabrics by swelling and methylation (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 2311-2318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of crosslinking on cotton fabric are changed when the cotton has been chemically modified before crosslinking with an inert substituent, such as the methyl group. The main action of the inert substituent is to preserve swelling ability by hindering fiber deswelling after methylation and during crosslinking. At the levels of modification used, the crosslinking reaction appears to proceed normally, with no effects from reduction in the number of reactive cellulosic hydroxyl groups.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090622
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of stearate processing aids upon polypropylene stability (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 84-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Fatty acid salts are often added to polymers as processing aids. Although calcium stearate promoted highly reduced mixing torque requirements in polypropylene compositions, this was due largely to lowering of the polymer molecular weight. However, the amount of shear withstood without severe degradation was less. The effects of calcium stearate upon polypropylene stabilization systems were investigated by oxygen absorption studies Up to 50% stabilization was lost, particularly with metals such as copper, with 0.1% calcium stearate even in compositions protected by inhibitors. The stearate evidently reacts with transition metals or their oxides, particularly if acidic materials are present, to give metallic stearates which are extremely effective polyofin oxidation catalysts. Considering these results, the use of stearate processing aids should be avoided if property retention and stability are important in the fabricated article.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050204
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deposits formed beneath bubbles during nucleate boiling of radioactive calcium sulfate solutions (1965)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 662-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Moore and Mesler postulated microlayer evaporation beneath a bubble to explain the sudden temperature drops observed by them during nucleate boiling of water.A method was devised to estimate the microlayer thickness from the deposit formed by a series of bubbles during nucleate boiling of saturated calcium sulfate solution containing radioactive sulfur-35. The results support the microlayer evaporation hypothesis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690110418
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic equilibrium in the vapor phase esterification of Acetic acid with ethanol (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 606-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A study of vapor-phase equilibrium in the reaction system acetic acid-ethanol-ethyl acetate-water has been made including an evaluation of past investigations, a calculation of equilibrium constants from thermal data, and new experimental determinations utilizing gas chromatography in a novel method. It was found that the magnitude of the thermodynamic equilibrium constant and its true variation with temperature are appreciably different than previously indicated. This is due to the failure of earlier workers to adequately account for competing reactions, primarily the dehydration of ethanol to ethyl ether. Equilibrium constants were obtained at 100, 120.8, and 170°C. for the ethanol dehydration reaction. Equilibrium positions of the esterification reaction have been determined accurately at the same three temperatures, however the corresponding values of the thermodynamic equilibrium constant remain imperfectly specified because of uncertainty concerning the acetic acid association equilibrium.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140412
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of surface orientation on delay time of bubbles from artificial sites during nucleate boiling (1967)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 1020-1024 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690130536
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymers of starch. I. Copolymerization of gelatinized wheat starch with acrylonitrile. Fractionation of copolymer and effect of solvent on copolymer compositionPresented in part at the 149th meeting of the American Chemical Society, Detroit, Michigan, April 1965.Prod. No. 1353 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 929-937 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The starch-polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer prepared from gelatinized wheat starch with ceric ammoninm nitrate as the initiator has been freed of ungrafted polyacrylonitrile and separated into fractions by extraction with dimethylformamide, γ-butyrolactone, and dimethyl sulfoxide. The copolymer fractions obtained differed appreciably in level of add-on, molecular weights of grafted chains, and grafting frequency. To determiue the molecular weights of grafted chains, the starch part of the copolymer was effectively removed by hydrolysis with α-amylase. It was necessary to dissolve or swell the polymer in dimethyl sulfoxide and freshly precipitate it by addition to water before enzymatic hydrolysis. In studying the effect of reaction medium on copolymer composition, there was less ungrafted homopolymer formed and a higher yield of graft copolymer possessing more frequent grafts with water than with aqueous dimethylformamide or aqueous ethylene glycol. Polymer solubility, the results of control polymerizations of acrylonitrile in the absence of starch, and the detection of glucose endgroups on the polyacrylonitrile liberated from the fractionated polymer by hydrolysis are presented as evidence that the copolymers obtained are true grafts rather thau intimate mixtures.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100610
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymers of starch and polyacrylonitrile: The dilution effect (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In the ceric ammonium nitrate-initiated graft polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) with starch, grafting frequencies and molecular weights of grafted polyacrylonitrile changed from 600 anhydroglucose units (AGU)/graft and 120000 to 280 AGU/graft and 36000 when concentrations of starch and AN were varied from 0.27 and 1.20 to 0.023 and 0.235 moles/l. of water, respectively. The influence of variety of starch, size of the starch granules, and reaction time was studied, and possible reasons for the influence of reactant concentration on the composition of the copolymer are considered.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130114
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural modification and molding of polyacrylonitrile (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1159-1167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyacrylonitrile can be compression-molded with conventional equipment if the inherent polymer particle structure is modified. With normal polymerization methods, a circumferential orientation in the polymer particle is obtained. This structure can be changed under the effects of shear to yield highly ordered, laminar particles with planar orientations. In this form, PAN can be compression-molded into tough, clear, chemically resistant articles with retention of the laminar structure. The polymer has been characterized by its x-ray diffraction and infrared spectrum which, in combination, distinguish it from previously observed forms of PAN.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130605
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Base-hydrolyzed starch-polyacrylonitrile (S-PAN) graft copolymer. S-PAN-1:1, PAN M.W. 794,000Presented before Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry at 153rd Meeting of American Chemical Society, Miami Beach, Florida, April 9-14, 1967. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2007-2017 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Starch-polyacrylonitrile (S-PAN) graft copolymer consisting of one part starch and one part polyacrylonitrile (M. W. 794,000) was hydrolyzed with aqueous KOH at 80 and 100°C to polyelectrolytes containing carboxyl and amide functionality but void of infrared-detectable amounts of nitrile. Viscosities of potassium salts of the polyelectrolytes in water were pH dependent with peak viscosities at 8.5. These dispersions were characterized by unusually high viscosities, 15,000 to 26,500 cp at 1% concentration, and by the ability to retain significant viscosities, 300 to 950 cp, upon dilution to 0.03% concentrations. A 1% dispersion of hydrolyzed S-PAN had a viscosity of 5,000 cp in the presence of 8% KCl; however, the depressing effect of added salts on viscosity of aqueous dispersions of hydrolyzed S-PAN increases as the valence of the cation increases.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130918
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