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  • Articles  (21)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)  (11)
  • Wiley  (8)
  • Institute of Physics (IOP)  (2)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
  • Geosciences  (21)
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  • Articles  (21)
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  • 1
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    Cirrus cloud simulations using WRF with improved radiation parameterization and increased vertical resolution (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-30
    Description: The capability of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in the simulation of cirrus clouds has been examined, with a focus on the effects of radiative processes and vertical model resolution. We incorporate in WRF a new radiation module, referred to as the Fu-Liou-Gu scheme, which is an improvement and refinement based on the Fu-Liou scheme, particularly in reference to parameterization of the single-scattering properties of ice crystal size and shape. We conducted a number of real-time WRF simulations for cirrus cases that were observed in the coastal and western United States on 29–30 March 2007, and we compared these with available observations from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and GOES visible and IR images over the same areas. Simulation results show that WRF is capable of generating reasonable cirrus cloud fields and their movement and dissipation processes, especially those associated with the large-scale frontal system. Radiative processes are important in cirrus cloud simulations by affecting the vertical thermal structure and hence convection. The newly implemented radiation module, the Fu-Liou-Gu scheme, has been demonstrated to work well in WRF and can be effectively used for studies related to cirrus cloud formation and evolution and aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions. With the newly implemented radiation scheme, the simulations of cloud cover and cloud and ice water path (CWP and IWP) have been improved for cirrus clouds, with a more consistent comparison with the corresponding MODIS observations in terms of CWP and IWP means and CWP frequency distribution, especially for optically thin cirrus with an improvement of about 20% in simulated mean IWP. The model-simulated ice crystal sizes have also been shown to be comparable to those determined from MODIS cloud products. Finally, we have demonstrated that model vertical resolution plays a significant role in cirrus cloud simulation in terms of altering vertical velocity field and the associated regional circulation.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    System Identification and Data‐Driven Forecasting of AE Index and Prediction Uncertainty Analysis Using a New Cloud‐NARX Model (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Severe geomagnetic storms caused by the solar wind disturbances have harmful influences on the operation of modern equipment and systems. The modeling and forecasting of AE index are extremely useful to understand the geomagnetic substorms. This study presents a novel cloud‐nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input (NARX) model to predict AE index 1 hr ahead. The cloud‐NARX model provides AE index forecasting results, with a correlation coefficient of 0.87 on the data of whole year 2015. The benchmarks on the data of the two interested periods of 17–21 March 2015 and 22–26 June 2015 are presented. The presented model uses uncertainty “cloud” model and cloud transformation to quantify the uncertainty throughout the structure detection, parameter estimation, and model prediction. The new predicted band can be generated to forecast AE index with confidence interval. The proposed method provides a new way to evaluate the model based on uncertainty analysis, revealing the reliability of model, and visualize the bias of model prediction.
    Print ISSN: 2169-9380
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9402
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    System Identification and Data‐Driven Forecasting of AE Index and Prediction Uncertainty Analysis Using a New Cloud‐NARX Model (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Severe geomagnetic storms caused by the solar wind disturbances have harmful influences on the operation of modern equipment and systems. The modeling and forecasting of AE index are extremely useful to understand the geomagnetic substorms. This study presents a novel cloud‐nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input (NARX) model to predict AE index 1 hr ahead. The cloud‐NARX model provides AE index forecasting results, with a correlation coefficient of 0.87 on the data of whole year 2015. The benchmarks on the data of the two interested periods of 17–21 March 2015 and 22–26 June 2015 are presented. The presented model uses uncertainty “cloud” model and cloud transformation to quantify the uncertainty throughout the structure detection, parameter estimation, and model prediction. The new predicted band can be generated to forecast AE index with confidence interval. The proposed method provides a new way to evaluate the model based on uncertainty analysis, revealing the reliability of model, and visualize the bias of model prediction.
    Print ISSN: 1539-4964
    Electronic ISSN: 1542-7390
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Objected-oriented remote sensing image classification method based on geographic ontology model (2016)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-22
    Description: Nowadays, with the development of high resolution remote sensing image and the wide application of laser point cloud data, proceeding objected-oriented remote sensing classification based on the characteristic knowledge of multi-source spatial data has been an important trend on the field of remote sensing image classification, which gradually replaced the traditional method through improving algorithm to optimize image classification results. For this purpose, the paper puts forward a remote sensing image classification method that uses the he characteristic knowledge of multi-source spatial data to build the geographic ontology semantic network model, and carries out the objected-oriented classification experiment to implement urban features classification, the experiment uses protégé software which is developed by Stanford University in the United States, and intelligent image analysis software—eCognition software as the experiment platform, uses hyperspectral image and Lidar...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 5
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    Stochastic parameterization for light absorption by internally mixed BC/dust in snow grains for application to climate models (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-03
    Description: A stochastic approach has been developed to model the positions of BC/dust internally mixed with two snow-grain types: hexagonal plate/column (convex) and Koch snowflake (concave). Subsequently, light absorption and scattering analysis can be followed by means of an improved geometric-optics approach coupled with Monte Carlo photon tracing to determine BC/dust single-scattering properties. For a given shape (plate, Koch snowflake, spheroid, or sphere), the action of internal mixing absorbs substantially more light than external mixing. The snow-grain shape effect on absorption is relatively small, but its effect on asymmetry factor is substantial. Due to a greater probability of intercepting photons, multiple inclusions of BC/dust exhibit a larger absorption than an equal-volume single inclusion. The spectral absorption (0.2 – 5  μ m) for snow grains internally mixed with BC/dust is confined to wavelengths shorter than about 1.4  μ m, beyond which ice absorption predominates. Based on the single-scattering properties determined from stochastic and light absorption parameterizations and using the adding/doubling method for spectral radiative transfer, we find that internal mixing reduces snow albedo substantially more than external mixing and that the snow-grain shape plays a critical role in snow albedo calculations through its forward scattering strength. Also, multiple inclusion of BC/dust significantly reduces snow albedo as compared to an equal-volume single sphere. For application to land/snow models, we propose a two-layer spectral snow parameterization involving contaminated fresh snow on top of old snow for investigating and understanding the climatic impact of multiple BC/dust internal mixing associated with snow grain metamorphism, particularly over mountain/snow topography.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Effect of Urbanization on Ozone and Resultant Health Effects in the Pearl River Delta Region of China (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract The United Nations has reported that 55% of the global population resides in urban areas, and 68% of the population is expected to be urban dwellers by 2050. Urbanization has critical implications for global land cover. Relevant literature has provided evidence attributing climatic effects to urban expansion; however, few studies have investigated the effect on public health and pollutant sensitivity to emissions. This study aimed to characterize the effect of urbanization‐induced changes in regional climate on ozone (O3), to evaluate ozone sensitivity to nitrogen oxide (NOx) and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, and to estimate premature mortalities due to O3 exposure. We employed atmospheric models with the higher‐order decoupled direct method (HDDM) to simulate effects of urbanization on O3 and to determine O3 sensitivity to NOx and VOC emissions. China‐specific concentration response functions were utilized to estimate cardiovascular and respiratory mortalities due to ozone exposure. Urbanization increased O3, which translated to a 39.6% increase in O3‐induced premature mortality (1,100 deaths). Moreover, O3 has become less/more sensitive to unit changes in NOx and VOC emissions in various cities. Urban greening may reduce urban temperature, but it may increase O3 in some cities due to the additional VOC emissions of greening. These findings highlight the strong interactions between land‐use policies, urban climate adaptation strategies, and air quality policies, suggesting the need of cobeneficial strategies and policies. We proposed a “precision environmental management” concept that emphasizes the importance of considering the specific atmospheric condition and composition of a city when formulating its environmental policies.
    Print ISSN: 2169-897X
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-8996
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    OASIS: a computer program for breaking phase ambiguity in one-wavelength anomalous scattering or single isomorphous substitution (replacement) data (2000)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 33 (2000), S. 980-981 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The phase problem is reduced to a sign problem once the anomalous-scatterer or the replacing-heavy-atom sites are located. OASIS adopts the CCP4 format [Collaborative Computational Project, Number 4 (1994). Acta Cryst. D50, 760–763]. It applies a direct-method procedure to break the phase ambiguity intrinsic to one-wavelength anomalous scattering (OAS) or single isomorphous replacement (SIR) data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889800001424
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of guanidinium pentamolybdobis(n-propylarsenate) dihydrate (1988)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 44 (1988), S. 1503-1505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270188004512
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Method of Electron Diffraction Intensity Correction in Combination with High-Resolution Electron Microscopy (1996)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 152-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An empirical method is proposed for partially correcting the distortion of electron diffraction intensity caused by Ewald-sphere curvature, crystal bending, thickness inhomogeneity etc. The method is based on the combination of electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy. It has been tested with a crystal of high-temperature superconducting oxide YBa2Cu3O7−x and shown to be effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767395012682
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct-method-aided phasing of MAD data (2001)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. 250-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The direct methods of breaking the phase ambiguity intrinsic in one-wavelength anomalous scattering (OAS) data and MAD phasing are powerful methods in their own rights. In a different context, in addition to their success in phasing OAS data, direct methods can also be useful in the treatment of MAD data. The idea has been tested with the MAD data at 2.5 Å resolution from the protein human adenosine kinase [Mathews et al. (1998), Biochemistry, 37, 15607–15620]. The results showed that the incorporation of direct methods in MAD phasing led to a significant improvement of phases over those obtained from the conventional MAD phasing method alone, as indicated by improved map correlation coefficients (with the existing model), reduced phase errors by 4.5° and improved map connectivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444900018606
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