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  • Other Sources  (12)
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  • 1
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    Production of a water quality map of Saginaw Bay by computer processing of LANDSAT-2 data (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Surface truth and LANDSAT measurements collected July 31, 1975, for Saginaw Bay were used to demonstrate a technique for producing a color coded water quality map. On this map, color was used as a code to quantify five discrete ranges in the following water quality parameters: (1) temperature, (2) Secchi depth, (3) chloride, (4) conductivity, (5) total Kjeldahl nitrogen, (6) total phosphorous, (7)chlorophyll a, (8) total solids and (9) suspended solids. The LANDSAT and water quality relationship was established through the use of a set of linear regression equations where the water quality parameters are the dependent variables and LANDSAT measurements are the independent variables. Although the procedure is scene and surface truth dependent, it provides both a basis for extrapolating water quality parameters from point samples to unsampled areas and a synoptic view of water mass boundaries over the 3000 sq. km bay area made from one day's ship data that is superior, in many ways, to the traditional machine contoured maps made from three day's ship data.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: ERIM Proc. of the 11th Intern. Symp. on Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 2; p 1045-1054
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Utilization of ERTS-1 data to monitor and classify eutrophication of inland lakes (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A technique is being developed for use of ERTS in estimating and monitoring trophic levels of inland lakes. Preliminary findings are that Michigan lakes and ponds of one acre or more are resolvable in bands 5, 6 and 7 of NASA MSS imagery under fair conditions (haze and 70% cloud cover). In processed imagery (CCT) smaller features, including water color patterns, are evident within some lakes of 40 acres or more. Image distortion of lake size, shape, orientation, etc. is minimal; discrimination of lakes and ponds from various wetlands is good. Subsequent ERTS and aircraft imagery will be correlated with detailed ground truth of water color and quality in eutrophic test lakes.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Symp. on Significant Results obtained from the ERTS-1, Vol. 1, Sect. A and B; p 1597-1604
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    ERTS-1: Automated land-use mapping in lake watersheds (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. ERTS-1 computer compatible tapes were used as a basis to generate land use maps in lake watersheds in southeastern Michigan. These maps, generated on a repetitive basis, provide information essential to governmental agencies concerned with planning and control of lake eutrophication. The ERTS mapping products included geometrically current land use map overlays at 1:250,000 and 1:48,000 scale and area measurement printouts. The printouts provide, within the watershed boundaries and by land use category, a quantitative measure of the amount of land, in square kilometers and acres. This quantitative measure of land use in watersheds is essential to the development and application of deterministic models, which compute nutrient flows into lakes and establish lake eutrophication rates.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: E74-10374 , NASA-CR-137071
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Computer Mapping of Water Quality in Saginaw Bay with LANDSAT Digital Data (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. LANDSAT digital data and ground truth measurements for Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron), Michigan, for 31 July 1975 were correlated by stepwise linear regression and the resulting equations used to estimate invisible water quality parameters in nonsampled areas. Chloride, conductivity, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll a were best correlated with the ratio of LANDSAT Band 4 to Band 5. Temperature and Secchi depth correlate best with Band 5.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10124 , NASA-CR-146057 , BSR-4213
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Environmental monitoring from spacecraft data (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. LANDSAT was used as a basis for inventorying land use within each of the Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana regional commissions, 225 drainage areas, and nine counties. Computer tabulations were produced to obtain the area covered by each of 16 land use categories within 225 drainage areas. The 16 categories were merged into ten categories and mapped at a scale of 1 inch = 5,000 ft, with detail to 0.44 hectares for the 2,700 sq mi region. These products were produced in less than 90 days, at a cost of $20,000.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E75-10322 , NASA-CR-142924 , BSR-4183 , Symp. on Machine Processing of Remotely Sensed Data; Jun 01, 1975; Lafayette, IN; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Utilization of ERTS-1 data to monitor and classify eutrophication of inland lakes (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E75-10208 , NASA-CR-142394
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Computer mapping of turbidity and circulation patterns in Saginaw Bay, Michigan from LANDSAT data (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. LANDSAT was used as a basis for producing geometrically-corrected, color-coded imagery of turbidity and circulation patterns in Saginaw Bay, Michigan (Lake Huron). This imagery shows nine discrete categories of turbidity, as indicated by nine Secchi depths between 0.3 and 3.3 meters. The categorized imagery provided an economical basis for extrapolating water quality parameters from point samples to unsample areas. LANDSAT furnished a synoptic view of water mass boundaries that no amount of ground sampling or monitoring could provide.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E75-10321 , NASA-CR-142923 , BSR-4183 , Ann. Meeting of the Amer. Soc. of Photogrammetry; Mar 01, 1975; Washington, D. C.; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Utilization of ERTS-1 data to monitor and classify eutrophication of inland lakes (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Significant findings are: (1) one acre lakes and one acre islands are detectable; (2) circular lakes of 7.5 acres and greater reach full density; (3) long channels 100 ft wide are detectable; (4) orientation of lakes is independent of scan direction; (5) lake features are observable in enlargements of CCT imagery produced in the Bendix Earth Resources Data Center; and (6) a decision surface water outline map is presented that was produced from ERTS-1 CCT. A water color literature review, baseline water quality data of the test lakes, and a discussion of geometric corrections of the CCT decision water surface outline map are also presented.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: E73-10299 , NASA-CR-130555 , BSR-4010
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Utilization of ERTS-1 data to monitor and classify eutrophication of inland lakes (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Significant findings are: (1) one-acre lakes and one-acre islands are detectable; (2)removal of atmospheric parameters derived from RPMI measurements show test lakes to have reflectances of 3.1 to 5.5% in band 4 and 0.3 to 2.3% in band 5; (3) failure to remove reflectance caused by atmosphere results in errors up to 500% in computing lake reflectance from ERTS-1 data; (4) in band 4, up to seven reflectance levels were observed in test lakes; (5) reflectance patterns have been displayed on a color-coded TV monitor and on computer-generated gray scales; (6) deep and shallow water can be separated by a trained photointerpreter and automatic machine processing, with estimates of water depth possible in some cases; (7) RPMI provides direct spectral signature measurements of lakes and lake features such as algal scums and floating plants; (8) a method is reported for obtaining lake color, as estimated by Forel-Ule standards, from ERTS-1 data; (9) a strong correlation between browner water color, diminishing water transparency; and (10) classifying lake eutrophication by observation of surface scums or macrophytes in shallow water seems straightforward.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: E73-10898 , NASA-CR-133555 , BSR-4089
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Automatic classification of eutrophication of inland lakes from spacecraft data (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Spacecraft data and computer techniques can be used to rapidly map and store onto digital tapes watershed land use information. Software is now available by which this land use information can be rapidly and economically extracted from the tapes and related to coliform counts and other lake contaminants (e.g. phosphorus). These tools are basic elements for determining those land use factors and sources of nutrients that accelerate eutrophication in lakes and reservoirs.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: E74-10580 , NASA-CR-138685 , Intern. Symp. on Remote Sensing of Environ.; Apr 15, 1974 - Apr 19, 1974; Ann Arbor, MI; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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