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  • Other Sources  (7)
  • 1
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    Balances for the measurement of multiple components of force in flows of a millisecond duration (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: This paper reports a new balance for the measurement of three components of force - lift, drag and pitching moment - in impulsively starting flows which have a duration of about one millisecond. The basics of the design of the balance are presented and results of tests on a 15 deg semi-angle cone set at incidence in the T4 shock tunnel are compared with predictions. These results indicate that the prototype balance performs well for a 1.9 kg, 220 mm long model. Also presented are results from initial bench tests of another application of the deconvolution force balance to the measurement of thrust produced by a 2D scramjet nozzle.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Shock Tunnel Studies of Scramjet Phenomena 1993; p 107-112
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Scramjet thrust measurement in a shock tunnel (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: This note reports tests in a shock tunnel in which a fully integrated scramjet configuration produced net thrust. The experiments not only showed that impulse facilities can be used for assessing thrust performance, but also were a demonstration of the application of a new technique to the measurement of thrust on scramjet configurations in shock tunnels. These two developments are of significance because scramjets are expected to operate at speeds well in excess of 2 km/sec, and shock tunnels offer a means of generating high Mach number flows at such speeds.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Shock Tunnel Studies of Scramjet Phenomena 1993; p 19-27
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Supersonic combustion ramjet propulsion experiments in a shock tunnel (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Measurements have been made of the propulsive effect of supersonic combustion ramjets incorporated into a simple axisymmetric model in a free piston shock tunnel. The nominal Mach number was 6, and the stagnation enthalpy varied from 2.8 MJ kg(exp -1) to 8.5 MJ kg(exp -1). A mixture of 13 percent silane and 87 percent hydrogen was used as fuel, and experiments were conducted at equivalence ratios up to approximately 0.8. The measurements involved the axial force on the model, and were made using a stress wave force balance, which is a recently developed technique for measuring forces in shock tunnels. A net thrust was experienced up to a stagnation enthalpy of 3.7 MJ kg(exp -1), but as the stagnation enthalpy increased, an increasing net drag was recorded. pitot and static pressure measurements showed that the combustion was supersonic. The results were found to compare satisfactorily with predictions based on established theoretical models, used with some simplifying approximations. The rapid reduction of net thrust with increasing stagnation enthalpy was seen to arise from increasing precombustion temperature, showing the need to control this variable if thrust performance was to be maintained over a range of stagnation enthalpies. Both the inviscid and viscous drag were seen to be relatively insensitive to stagnation enthalpy, with the combustion chambers making a particularly significant contribution to drag. The maximum fuel specific impulse achieved in the experiments was only 175 sec., but the theory indicates that there is considerable scope for improvement on this through aerodynamic design.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Shock Tunnel Studies of Scramjet Phenomena 1994; 54 p
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Three-Component Force Measurements on a Scramjet in a Reflected-Shock Tunnel (1998)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A three-component stress-wave force-balance for a large scramjet has been designed, calibrated and tested in the HYPULSE reflected shock tunnel at GASL Inc., New York. The scramjet model is over 3-foot long and weighs in excess of 90 Ibm. The stress-wave force-balance is comprised of three stress bars which are attached to the model. Calibration results indicate that the force balance responds well within about 1 ms and that the sensitivity of the balance to the distribution of load is not large. Results with and without fuel injection were obtained in the tunnel operated for Mach 7 and Mach 10 flight simulation. These tests showed the force-balance can resolve axial force increments due to combustion of about 40 lb in the presence of model lift forces of 500-700 lb.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: JANNAF Airbreathing Propulsion Subcommittee and 35th Combustion Subcommittee Meeting; 1; 35-52; CPIA-Publ-682-Vol-1
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Measurements of scramjet thrust in shock tunnels (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: By using results obtained in tests on supersonic combustion of hydrogen in air, the conditions governing model size and operating pressure levels for shock tunnel experiments on models of flight vehicles with scramjet propulsion are established. It is seen that large models are required. The development of the stress wave force balance is then described, and its use as a method of measuring thrust/drag on such models is discussed. Test results on a simple, fully integrated scramjet model, with intakes, combustion chambers, thrust surfaces and exterior surfaces, using a 13 percent silane 87 percent hydrogen fuel mixture, showed that a steady state with thrust generation could be achieved within the shock tunnel test time, and the thrust could be measured. Results are presented for a range of stagnation enthalpies, and show that the scramjet model produces net positive thrust at velocities up to 2.4 km/sec.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 94-2516 , AIAA Aerospace Ground Testing Conference; Jun 20, 1994 - Jun 23, 1994; Colorado Springs, CO; United States|Shock Tunnel Studies of Scramjet Phenomena 1994; 11 p
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  • 6
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    Lift, drag and thrust measurement in a hypersonic impulse facility (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper reports the extension of the stress wave force balance to the measurement of forces on models which are non-axisymmetric or which have non-axisymmetric load distributions. Recent results are presented which demonstrate the performance of the stress wave force balance for drag measurement, for three-component force measurement and preliminary results for thrust measurement on a two-dimensional scramjet nozzle. In all cases, the balances respond within a few hundred microseconds.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 94-2596 , AIAA Aerospace Ground Testing Conference; Jun 20, 1994 - Jun 23, 1994; Colorado Springs, CO; United States|Shock Tunnel Studies of Scramjet Phenomena 1994; 9 p
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Scramjet thrust measurement in a shock tunnel (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This note reports tests in a shock tunnel in which a fully integrated scamjet configuration produced net thrust. The experiments not only showed that impluse facilities can be used for assessing thrust performance, but also were a demonstration of the application of a new technique to the measurement of thrust on scramjet configurations in shock tunnels. These two developments are of significance because scramjets are expected to operate at speeds well in excess of 2 km/s, and shock tunnels offer a means of generating high Mach number flows at such speeds.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Aeronautical Journal (ISSN 0001-9240); 99; 984; p. 161-163
    Format: text
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