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  • 1
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    Experience with custom processors in space flight applications (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) has developed a magnetometer instrument for a swedish satellite named Freja with launch scheduled for August 1992 on a Chinese Long March rocket. The magnetometer controller utilized a custom microprocessor designed at APL with the Genesil silicon compiler. The processor evolved from our experience with an older bit-slice design and two prior single chip efforts. The architecture of our microprocessor greatly lowered software development costs because it was optimized to provide an interactive and extensible programming environment hosted by the target hardware. Radiation tolerance of the microprocessor was also tested and was adequate for Freja's mission -- 20 kRad(Si) total dose and very infrequent latch-up and single event upset events.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Idaho Univ., The 1991 3rd NASA Symposium on VLSI Design; 13 p
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  • 2
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    Small Radioisotope Power System at NASA Glenn Research Center (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Energy Production and Conversion
    Type: E-17825-1 , 9th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC); Jul 31, 2011 - Aug 03, 2011; San Diego, CA; United States
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  • 3
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    Small Radioisotope Power System at NASA Glenn Research Center (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In April 2009, NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) formed an integrated product team (IPT) to develop a Small Radioisotope Power System (SRPS) utilizing a single Advanced Stirling Convertor (ASC) with passive balancer for possible use by the International Lunar Network (ILN) program. The ILN program is studying the feasibility of implementing a multiple node seismometer network to investigate the internal lunar structure. A single ASC produces approximately 80 W(sub e) and could potentially supply sufficient power for that application. The IPT consists of Sunpower, Inc., to provide the single ASC with balancer, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) to design an engineering model Single Convertor Controller (SCC) for an ASC with balancer, and NASA GRC to provide technical support to these tasks and to develop a simulated lunar lander test stand. A controller maintains stable operation of an ASC. It regulates the alternating current produced by the linear alternator of the convertor, provides a specified output voltage, and maintains operation at a steady piston amplitude and hot end temperature. JHU/APL also designed an ASC dynamic engine/alternator simulator to aid in the testing and troubleshooting of the SCC. This paper describes the requirements, design, and development of the SCC, including some of the key challenges and the solutions chosen to overcome those issues. In addition, it describes the plans to analyze the effectiveness of a passive balancer to minimize vibration from the ASC, characterize the effect of ASC vibration on a lunar lander, characterize the performance of the SCC, and integrate the single ASC, SCC, and lunar lander test stand to characterize performance of the overall system.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NASA/TM-2012-217290 , AIAA Paper-2011-5509 , E-17825 , 9th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC); Jul 31, 2011 - Aug 03, 2011; San Diego, CA; United States
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  • 4
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    Pisgah Lava Cave Communication Test: Science Case Study for the Networked Constellations Initiative (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: As part of the science case study for the Networked Constellations initiative, a team of JPL scientists explore the possibility of a mission to study the lava caves on Mars. Natural caves on Mars and the Moon present a unique opportunity to learn about the planetary geology and to provide a shelter for human explorers. Due to power and communication challenges, a network of assets has significant advantages over a single asset sent inside a cave. However, communication between the assets and the data downlink present significant difficulties due to the presence of rough walls, boulders, and other obstacles with unknown dielectric constant inside a typical cave, disturbing the propagation of the radio waves. A detailed study is needed to establish the limitations of the current communication technologies and to develop requirements for the new communication technology applicable to the cave environment. On May 4 of 2017, Konstantin Belov, Doug Ellison, and Abby Fraeman visited a lava cave in Pisgah, CA. The purpose of the visit was to build a 3D map of the cave, which could be used to create a model of radio wave propagation, and to conduct a series of communication tests using off-the-shelf equipment to verify the in-cave communication challenges. This experiment should be considered as a simple 'proof of concept' and is the subject of this report.
    Keywords: Communications and Radar; Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration; Ground Support Systems and Facilities (Space)
    Type: JPL-Publ-17-6 , JPL-CL-17-6130
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  • 5
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    The Sedimentary History of Mars as Observed by Rovers (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: Mars has a sedimentary history that spans billions of years. Orbital images have allowed for the identification of vast regional sedimentary deposits that can be traced over 100s of kilometers and are 100s of meters thick including localized alluvial, deltaic, and lacustrine deposits. Detections of secondary minerals in these deposits from orbital spectroscopy suggest the aqueous history of early Mars varied as a function of space and time. Orbital observations, however, provide a simplified and incomplete picture of Mars sedimentary history because measurements for inferring sediment transport and deposition, such as lithology, grain size, and internal structures, and measurements for inferring sediment source and aqueous alteration, such as outcrop-scale mineralogic and geochemical composition and diagenetic features, cannot be identified from orbit. Rover observations have significantly enhanced our view of ancient and modern sedimentary environments on Mars, resulting in detailed reconstructions of paleo-environments and habitability.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: LPI Contrib. No. 2132 , JSC-E-DAA-TN66078 , Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (LPSC 2019); 18ý22 Mar. 2019; The Woodlands, TX; United States
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  • 6
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    Compositional Characteristics and Trends Within the Vera Rubin Ridge, Gale Crater, Mars as Determined by APXS: Sedimentary, Diagenetic and Alteration History (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover has spent the last two years investigating a prominent resistant ridge, informally named the Vera Rubin Ridge (VRR), at the base of Mount Sharp (Aeolis Mons). The ridge has been a high priority science target for the MSL mission since landing in Gale crater more than 6 years ago because of the detection of a strong hematite spectral signature, and its distinct topography. Examining the chemistry of the ridge can aid in determining the relationship to other rocks analyzed during the rover traverse, specifically the Murray formation (fm) encountered below the ridge. We can also determine compositional trends with elevation and/or laterally within the ridge, and whether spectral properties observed on the ridge, both from orbit and in situ, correspond with changes in chemistry. The composition of the ridge, combined with mineralogy of drilled samples, can help to elucidate bigger picture questions regarding depositional environment, possible changing lake water chemistry and diagenetic/alteration history.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-E-DAA-TN66081 , Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (LPSC); Mar 18, 2019 - Mar 22, 2019; Woodlands, TX; United States
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  • 7
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    Variations in Visible/Near-Infrared Hematite Spectra Related to Grain Size and Crystallinity (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: Drill fines created by the Curiosity rover at Gale Crater, Mars have exhibited variable visible/near-infrared spectral features attributable to the presence of ferrous and ferric minerals. Drilled locations within the Murray formation and on the Vera Rubin Ridge (VRR) were shown by the CheMin instrument to contain significant amounts of hematite. However, typical hematite spectral features (e.g., absorptions near 530 nm and 860 nm) have varied inconsistently with hematite abundances. This suggests that other factors such as hematite grain size or crystallinity, the presence of amorphous materials, and/or photometric effects play a role in the observed spectra. Using laboratory spectra of hematite acquired at difference grain sizes, we document the variability in key spectral features. We also compare spectral parameters computed from Mastcam spectra on Mars of three hematite-bearing ChemCam calibration target (CCCT) samples with known hematite and amorphous material abundances.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-E-DAA-TN66067 , Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 18, 2019 - Mar 22, 2019; Woodlands, TX; United States
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  • 8
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    Thermochemical Modelling of Fluid-Rock Reactions in Vera Rubin Ridge, Galecrater, Mars (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: Vera Rubin Ridge (VRR) in Gale Crater, Mars, is a ~200 m wide ~6.5 km long northeast- southwest resistant geomorphological feature on the northern slopes of Aeolis Mons (Mt. Sharp). Analysis of Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) orbital data showed that VRR has strong hematite spectral signatures. Hematite was confirmed in-situ at VRR with the Curiosity rover and has been shown to be present throughout the Mur- ray formation. VRR is stratigraphically continu-ous with the underlying Murray formation. Previous thermochemical modelling showed how hematite at VRR could have formed as the result of open-system weathering at high water/rock ratios. Here we use thermochemical modelling to investigate possible reaction pathways for the hematite-clay- bearing assemblage observed at VRR, starting from an identified least-altered (minimum clay content) Murray composition, and a Mars basal brine.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-E-DAA-TN66082 , Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (LPSC); Mar 18, 2019 - Mar 22, 2019; Woodlands, TX; United States
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  • 9
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    Rock Hard Science: Multispectral and Mineralogical Investigations to Understand Bedrock Spectral Properties and Strength at Vera Rubin Ridge, Gale Crater, Mars (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: Since the beginning of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission, Vera Rubin Ridge (VRR) has been a location of interest to the MSL science team because of its apparent erosional resistance and strong near-IR (~860 nm) absorption feature seen from orbit in the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mission's Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) data. The strong CRISM absorption feature along VRR was hypothesized to be primarily associated with an increased abundance of crystal-line hematite compared to lower Mt. Sharp units. How-ever, surface multispectral and mineralogic data, from the Mastcam and CheMin instruments onboard the Curiosity rover, suggest hematite is not the only mineral contributing to the near-IR absorption feature measured in VRR or the reason for its relative hardness.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-E-DAA-TN66066 , Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 18, 2019 - Mar 22, 2019; Woodlands, TX; United States
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  • 10
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    Curiosity at Vera Rubin Ridge: Major Findings and Implications for Habitability (2018)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-E-DAA-TN62064 , AGU 2018 Fall Meeting; Dec 10, 2018 - Dec 14, 2018; Washington, DC; United States
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