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  • Other Sources  (48)
  • 1
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    Some confusion factors in radar image interpretation (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Geologic interpretation of radar imagery for land use applications is discussed with reference to its dependence on classification of the radar return into categories related to some training area within the image. It is shown that such interpretation relies on the assumption that surface characteristics of areas with similar returns are truly similar. It is further shown that this may not always be true over water surfaces due to the influence of system parameters on the radar return. In imagery over land, both system parameters and scene parameters may lead to ambiguous returns which can ultimately lead to misinterpretation.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: JPL Radar Geol: An Assessment Rept. of the Radar Geol. Workshop; p 223-232
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Applications of soil moisture information (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The needs of specific users within the areas of agriculture, hydrology, and meteorology are discussed. Sections are also included on the importance of drought, foreign needs for soil moisture information, some specific requirements for data information systems, and agency and organization uses of soil moisture.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Soil Moisture Workshop; 35 p
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Effects of corn stalk orientation and water content on passive microwave sensing of soil moisture (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A field experiment was conducted utilizing artificial arrangements of plant components during the summer of 1982 to examine the effects of corn canopy structure and plant water content on microwave emission. Truck-mounted microwave radiometers at C (5 GHz) and L (1.4 GHz) band sensed vertically and horizontally polarized radiation concurrent with ground observations of soil moisture and vegetation parameters. Results indicate that the orientation of cut stalks and the distribution of their dielectric properties through the canopy layer can influence the microwave emission measured from a vegetation/soil scene. The magnitude of this effect varies with polarization and frequency and with the amount of water in the plant, disappearing at low levels of vegetation water content. Although many of the canopy structures and orientations studied in this experiment are somewhat artificial, they serve to improve understanding of microwave energy interactions within a vegetation canopy and to aid in the development of appropriate physically based vegetation models.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment (ISSN 0034-4257); 16; 55-67
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  • 4
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    Measurements from aircraft to characterize watersheds (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Remote sensor measurements of the Southern Plains watershed, an 1130 sq mile segment of the Washita River basin in the Texas Panhandle, are discussed. Soil moisture measurements are emphasized, along with rainfall storage capacity of the soil. Indicators of pond water quality, geologic sources of sediment or salt, and rapid methods of mapping seepage are being searched for through remote sensing.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center 4th Ann. Earth Resources Program Review, Vol. 5; 14 p
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Utilization of active microwave roughness measurements to improve passive microwave soil moisture estimates over bare soils (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Multisensor aircraft data were used to establish the potential of the active microwave sensor response to be used to compensate for roughness in the passive microwave sensor's response to soil moisture. Only bare fields were used. It is found that the L-band radiometer's capability to estimate soil moisture significantly improves when surface roughness is accounted for with the scatterometers.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: ESA IGARSS 84. Remote Sensing: From Res. Towards Operational Use, Vol. 1; p 257-262
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  • 6
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    Radar response from vegetation with nodal structure (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Radar images from the SEASAT synthetic aperture radar (SAR) produced unusually high returns from corn and sorghum fields, which seem to indicate a correlation between nodal separation in the stalk and the wavelength of the radar. These images also show no difference in return from standing or harvested corn. Further investigation using images from the Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-A) substantiated these observations and showed a degradation of the high return with time after harvest. From portions of corn and sweet sorghum stalks that were sampled to measure stalk water content, it was determined that near and after maturity the water becomes more concentrated in the stalk nodes. The stalk then becomes a linear sequence of alternating dielectrics as opposed to a long slender cylinder with uniform dielectric properties.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E84-10085 , NASA-TM-86066 , NAS 1.15:86066
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  • 7
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    Effects of vegetation canopy on the radar backscattering coefficient (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Airborne L- and C-band scatterometer data, taken over both vegetation-covered and bare fields, were systematically analyzed and theoretically reproduced, using a recently developed model for calculating radar backscattering coefficients of rough soil surfaces. The results show that the model can reproduce the observed angular variations of radar backscattering coefficient quite well via a least-squares fit method. Best fits to the data provide estimates of the statistical properties of the surface roughness, which is characterized by two parameters: the standard deviation of surface height, and the surface correlation length. In addition, the processes of vegetation attenuation and volume scattering require two canopy parameters, the canopy optical thickness and a volume scattering factor. Canopy parameter values for individual vegetation types, including alfalfa, milo and corn, were also determined from the best-fit results. The uncertainties in the scatterometer data were also explored.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: NASA-TM-85070 , NAS 1.15:85070
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Measuring Soil Hydraulic Conductivity With Microwaves (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Soil mapping for large or small areas done rapidly. Technique requires simple radiometric measurements of L-band (15 to 30 cm) and thermal infrared emissions from ground within 2 days after saturation of surface. Technique based on observation that correlation exists between L-band emissivity and hydraulic conductivity of soil.
    Keywords: PHYSICAL SCIENCES
    Type: GSC-12937 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 9; 2; P. 70
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  • 9
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    The effects of vegetation and soil hydraulic properties on passive microwave sensing of soil moisture: Data report for the 1982 fiels experiments (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Field experiments to (1) study the biomass and geometrical structure properties of vegetation canopies to determine their impact on microwave emission data, and (2) to verify whether time series microwave data can be related to soil hydrologic properties for use in soil type classification. Truck mounted radiometers at 1.4 GHz and 5 GHz were used to obtain microwave brightness temperatures of bare vegetated test plots under different conditions of soil wetness, plant water content and canopy structure. Observations of soil moisture, soil temperature, vegetation biomass and other soil and canopy parameters were made concurrently with the microwave measurements. The experimental design and data collection procedures for both experiments are documented and the reduced data are presented in tabular form.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-85106 , NAS 1.15:85106
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Correlation of spacecraft passive microwave system data with soil moisture indices (API) (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Electrical scanning microwave radiometer brightness temperature, meteorological data, climatological data, and winter wheat crop information were used to estimate that soil moisture content in the Great Plains region. Results over the predominant winter wheat areas indicate that the best potential to infer soil moisture occurs during fall and spring. These periods encompass the growth stages when soil moisture is most important to winter wheat yield. Other significant results are reported.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-164142 , REPT-3622-4
    Format: application/pdf
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