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  • 1
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    Studying the seismogenic coupling zone with a passive seismic array (2005)
    In:  Eos Trans. AGU, Luxembourg, National Academy of Sciences of the USA, vol. 86, no. 32, pp. 293 & 297, pp. B05311, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Description: Subduction zones generate the world's largest and most destructive earthquakes and most of the world' s destructive tsunamis, as has been recently shown by the devastating Andaman-Sumatra event on 26 December 2004. Understanding the factors leading to Earth's largest and most destructive earthquakes is not only an "obviously important" goal, as stated in the U.S. National Science Foundation's Margins Science Report 2004, but it is also an "utmost important" goal for the whole geoscience community. Interrelated with this topic are still unsolved questions in seismology: Why do subduction zones occasionally generate the largest known (Mw 〉 9) earthquakes? And why are only a few subduction zones capable of generating Mw ~= 9 earthquakes while the rest only produce up to Mw ~= 7.5?
    Keywords: Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; TIPTEQ ; GFZ ; Chile ; Subduction zone ; Project report/description ; Earthquake asperities ; Geothermics ; OBS ; Reflection seismics ; Friction ; Seismic arrays ; Fracture ; NAZCA ; Physical properties of rocks ; Valdivia ; Seismology ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Geodesy ; Modelling ; 8170 ; Tectonophysics: ; Subduction ; zone ; processes ; 7230 ; Seismology: ; Seismicity ; and ; tectonics ; 7240 ; Seismology: ; Subduction ; zones
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Complex patterns of fluid and melt transport in the central Andean subduction zone revealed by attenuation tomography (2003)
    In:  Earth planet. Sci. Lett., Wiesbaden, Bundesanstalt f. Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) und die Staatlichen Geologischen Dienste in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Vertrieb: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Nägele und Obermiller), Stuttgart, vol. 215, no. 1-2, pp. 105-119, pp. 1006, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Tomography ; Attenuation ; Quality factor ; Subduction zone ; Fluids ; Volcanology ; South ; America ; Chile ; EPSL
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Subduction and collision processes in the Central Andes constrained by converted seismic phases (2000)
    In:  Nature, Taipei, Academia Sinica, vol. 408, no. 6815, pp. 958-961, pp. 2520, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Subduction zone ; Plate tectonics ; Seismology ; ConvolutionR ; Receiver functions ; FLORENZO
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Acoustic imaging of earthquake sources from the Chalfant Valley, 1986, aftershock series (1994)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Luxembourg, National Academy of Sciences of the USA, vol. 119, no. 2, pp. 260-268, pp. B05311, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake ; Source ; Aftershocks ; GJI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    Structure of the Central Sumatran Subduction Zone Revealed by Local Earthquake Travel Time Tomography Using Amphibious Data (2018)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Solid Earth, 9 (4). pp. 1035-1049.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-19
    Description: The Sumatran subduction zone exhibits strong seismic and tsunamogenic potential with the prominent examples of the 2004, 2005 and 2007 earthquakes. Here, we invert travel time data of local earthquakes for vp and vp/vs velocity models of the central Sumatran forearc. Data were acquired by an amphibious seismometer network consisting of 52 land stations and 10 ocean bottom seismometers located on a segment of the Sumatran subduction zone that had not ruptured in a great earthquake since 1797 but witnessed recent ruptures to the north in 2005 (Nias earthquake, Mw = 8.7) and to the south in 2007 (Bengkulu earthquake, Mw = 8.5). 2D and 3D vp velocity anomalies reveal the downgoing slab and the sedimentary basins. Although the seismicity pattern in the study area appears to be strongly influenced by the obliquely subducting Investigator Fracture Zone to at least 200 km depth, the 3D velocity model shows prevailing trench parallel structures at depths of the plate interface. The tomographic model suggests a thinned crust below the basin east of the forearc islands (Nias, Pulau Batu, Siberut) at ~ 180 km distance to the trench. Vp velocities beneath the magmatic arc and the Sumatran fault zone SFZ are around 5 km/s at 10 km depth and the vp/vs ratios in the uppermost 10 km are low, indicating the presence of felsic lithologies typical for continental crust. We find moderately elevated vp/vs values of 1.85 at ~ 150 km distance to the trench in the region of the Mentawai fault. Vp/vs ratios suggest absence of large scale alteration of the mantle wedge and might explain why the seismogenic plate interface (observed as a locked zone from geodetic data) extends below the continental forearc Moho in Sumatra. Reduced vp velocities beneath the forearc basin covering the region between Mentawai Islands and the Sumatra mainland possibly reflect a reduced thickness of the overriding crust.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    The structure of the Sumatran Fault revealed by local seismicity (2012)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 39 (L01306).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-24
    Description: The combination of the Sunda megathrust and the (strike-slip) Sumatran Fault (SF) represents a type example of slip-partitioning. However, superimposed on the SF are geometrical irregularities that disrupt the local strain field. The largest such feature is in central Sumatra where the SF splits into two fault strands up to 35 km apart. A dense local network was installed along a 350 km section around this bifurcation, registering 1016 crustal events between April 2008 and February 2009. 528 of these events, with magnitudes between 1.1 and 6.0, were located using the double-difference relative location method. These relative hypocentre locations reveal several new features about the crustal structure of the SF. Northwest and southeast of the bifurcation, where the SF has only one fault strand, seismicity is strongly focused below the surface trace, indicating a vertical fault that is seismogenic to ∼15 km depth. By contrast intense seismicity is observed within the bifurcation, displaying streaks in plan and cross-section that indicate a complex system of faults bisecting the bifurcation. In combination with analysis of topography and focal mechanisms, we propose that the bifurcation is a strike-slip duplex system with complex faulting between the two main fault branches.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Seismicity and geometry of the south Chilean subduction zone (41.5°S-43.5°S): Implications for controlling parameters (2007)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 34 (L06311).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-15
    Description: In 2005 an amphibious seismic network was deployed on the Chilean forearc between 41.75°S and 43.25°S. 364 local events were observed in a 11-month period. A subset of the P and S arrival times were inverted for hypocentral coordinates, 1-D velocity structure and station delays. Main seismic activity occurred predominantly in a belt parallel to the coast of Chiloé Island in a depth range of 12–30 km presumably related to the plate interface. The 30° inclination of the shallow part of the Wadati-Benioff zone is similar to observations further north indicating that oceanic plate age is not controlling the subduction angle of the shallower part for the Chilean subduction zone. The down-dip termination of abundant intermediate depth seismicity at approximately 70 km depth seems to be related to the young age (and high temperature) of the oceanic plate. Crustal seismicity is associated with the Liquiñe-Ofqui fault zone and active volcanoes.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    The September 2009 Padang earthquake (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 3 (2). pp. 70-71.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-22
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    Structure and seismogenic properties of the Mentawai segment of the Sumatra subduction zone revealed by local earthquake traveltime tomography (2012)
    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 117 (B1). B01312.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: On 12 September 2007, an Mw8.4 earthquake occurred within the southern section of the Mentawai segment of the Sumatra subduction zone, where the subduction thrust had previously ruptured in 1833 and 1797. Traveltime data obtained from a temporary local seismic network, deployed between December 2007 and October 2008 to record the aftershocks of the 2007 event, was used to determine two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) velocity models of the Mentawai segment. The seismicity distribution reveals significant activity along the subduction interface and within two clusters in the overriding plate either side of the forearc basin. The downgoing slab is clearly distinguished by a dipping region of highVp (8.0 km/s), which can be a traced to ∼50 km depth, with an increased Vp/Vs ratio (1.75 to 1.90) beneath the islands and the western side of the forearc basin, suggesting hydrated oceanic crust. Above the slab, a shallow continental Moho of less than 30 km depth can be inferred, suggesting that the intersection of the continental mantle with the subducting slab is much shallower than the downdip limit of the seismogenic zone despite localized serpentinization being present at the toe of the mantle wedge. The outer arc islands are characterized by low Vp (4.5–5.8 km/s) and high Vp/Vs (greater than 2.0), suggesting that they consist of fluid saturated sediments. The very low rigidity of the outer forearc contributed to the slow rupture of the Mw 7.7 Mentawai tsunami earthquake on 25 October 2010.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    First seismic record for intra-arc strike-slip tectonics along the Liquiñe-Ofqui fault zone at the obliquely convergent plate margin of the southern Andes (2008)
    Elsevier
    In:  Tectonophysics, 455 (1-4). pp. 14-24.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-22
    Description: A temporal seismic network recorded local seismicity along a 130 km long segment of the transpressional dextral strike-slip Liquiñe-Ofqui fault zone (LOFZ) in southern Chile. Seventy five shallow crustal events with magnitudes up to M(tief)w 3.8 and depths shallower than 25 km were observed in an 11-month period mainly occurring in different clusters. Those clusters are spatially related to the LOFZ, to the volcanoes Chaitén, Michinmahuida and Corcovado, and to active faulting on secondary faults. Further activity along the LOFZ is indicated by individual events located in direct vicinity of the surface expression of the LOFZ. Focal mechanisms were calculated using deviatoric moment tensor inversion of body wave amplitude spectra which mostly yield strike-slip mechanisms indicating a NE–SW direction of the P-axis for the LOFZ at this latitude. The seismic activity reveals the present-day activity of the fault zone. The recent M(tief)w 6.2 event near Puerto Aysén, Southern Chile at 45.4°S on April 21, 2007 shows that the LOFZ is also capable of producing large magnitude earthquakes and therefore imposing significant seismic hazard to this region.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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