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  • Data  (231)
  • Other Sources  (2,445)
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  • 1
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    Fossilized soft tissues in Palaeozoic bryozoans (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-20
    Description: Thin sections of three Palaeozoic bryozoans reveal fossilized soft tissues that show the position of organic cuticle and internal structures such as the membranous sac and gut. The fossilization occurred apparently due to fast burial under anoxic conditions. The position of a membranous sac in the Permian trepostome Rhombotrypella superangustata is indicative of a progressive polypide cycle. The position of the polypide in the Ordovician Graptodictya delicata behind the superior and interior hemisepta suggests a protective function of the hemisepta.
    Keywords: ddc:564 ; morphology ; Bryozoa ; fossilization ; Palaeozoic
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
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    Optoelectronic Instruments For Analysis Of Surface Defects (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Family of portable optoelectronic instruments developed to facilitate inspection of surface flaws like gouges, scratches, raised metal, and dents on large metal workpieces subject to surface-finish requirements. Instrument brought to workpiece and semiautomatically makes electronic record of three-dimensional shape of flaw. Entire inspection process takes only minutes. Prototype instrument includes structured-light microscope. Concept involves projection of known pattern of light onto surface inspected. Topography of surface determined from distortion of pattern as viewed through instrument.
    Keywords: ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
    Type: KSC-11686 , Laser Tech. Brief.; 1; P. 86
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Space-Shuttle Emulator Software (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A package of software has been developed to execute a raw binary image of the space shuttle flight software for simulation of the computational effects of operation of space shuttle avionics. This software can be run on inexpensive computer workstations. Heretofore, it was necessary to use real flight computers to perform such tests and simulations. The package includes a program that emulates the space shuttle orbiter general- purpose computer [consisting of a central processing unit (CPU), input/output processor (IOP), master sequence controller, and buscontrol elements]; an emulator of the orbiter display electronics unit and models of the associated cathode-ray tubes, keyboards, and switch controls; computational models of the data-bus network; computational models of the multiplexer-demultiplexer components; an emulation of the pulse-code modulation master unit; an emulation of the payload data interleaver; a model of the master timing unit; a model of the mass memory unit; and a software component that ensures compatibility of telemetry and command services between the simulated space shuttle avionics and a mission control center. The software package is portable to several host platforms.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: MSC-23289-1 , NASA Tech Briefs, September 2007; 21
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Recent STEREO Observations of Coronal Mass Ejections (2008)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: Over 400 CMEs have been observed by STEREO SECCHI COR1 during the mission's three year duration (2006-2009). Many of the solar activity indicators have been at minimal values over this period, and the Carrington rotation-averaged CME rate has been comparable to that measured during the minima between Cycle 21-22 (SMM C/P) and Cycle 22-23 (SOHO LASCO). That rate is about 0.5 CMEs/day. During the current solar minimum (leading to Cycle 24), there have been entire Carrington rotations where no sunspots were detected and the daily values of the 2800 MHz solar flux remained below 70 sfu. CMEs continued to be detected during these exceptionally quiet periods, indicating that active regions are not necessary to the generation of at least a portion of the CME population. In the past, researchers were limited to a single view of the Sun and could conclude that activity on the unseen portion of the disk might be associated with CMEs. But as the STEREO mission has progressed we have been able to observe an increasing fraction of the Sun's corona with STEREO SECCHI EUVI and were able to eliminate this possibility. Here we report on the nature of CMEs detected during these exceptionally quiet periods, and we speculate on how the corona remains dynamic during such conditions.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: Coronal Mass Ejections; Dec 13, 2008 - Dec 17, 2008; San Francisco, CA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Homogenizing and Estimating the Uncertainty in NOAA's Long-Term Vertical Ozone Profile Records Measured with the Electrochemical Concentration Cell Ozonesonde (2018)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: NOAA's program of long-term monitoring of the vertical distribution of ozone with electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesondes has undergone a number of changes over the 50-year record. In order to produce a homogenous data set, these changes must be documented and, where necessary, appropriate corrections applied. This is the first comprehensive and consistent reprocessing of NOAA's ozonesonde data records that corrects for these changes using the rawest form of the data (cell current and pump temperature) in native resolution as well as a point-by-point uncertainty calculation that is unique to each sounding. The reprocessing is carried out uniformly at all eight ozonesonde sites in NOAA's network with differences in sensing solution and ozonesonde types accounted for in the same way at all sites. The corrections used to homogenize the NOAA ozonesonde data records greatly improve the ozonesonde measurements with an average one sigma uncertainty of +/- 4-6% in the stratosphere and +/- 5-20% in the troposphere. A comparison of the integrated column ozone from the ozonesonde profile with co-located Dobson spectrophotometers total column ozone measurements shows agreement within +/- 5% for 〉70% of the profiles. Very good agreement is also found in the stratosphere between ozonesonde profiles and profiles retrieved from the Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV) instruments.
    Keywords: Instrumentation and Photography
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN61704 , Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (ISSN 1867-1381) (e-ISSN 1867-8548); 11; 6; 3661-3687
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    PKDB119925 (2000)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-08
    Keywords: AGE; Age, comment; Age, maximum/old; Age, minimum/young; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Paleoclimate Database of the Quaternary; PKDB; PKDB119925; Precipitation, difference
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 24 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Acoustic and visual data of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops spp.) foraging vocalizations, boat presence and noise levels in the Moray Firth in 2012-2013
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Pirotta, Enrico; Merchant, Nathan D; Thompson, Paul M; Barton, Tim R; Lusseau, David (2015): Quantifying the effect of boat disturbance on bottlenose dolphin foraging activity. Biological Conservation, 181, 82-89, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.003
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: Assessments of anthropogenic impacts on marine wildlife often concentrate on large-scale displacement. However, changes in the activity patterns of animals that do not flee could also affect their energy balance. Increasing boat traffic raises concerns for exposed marine mammals. Understanding risk perception is critical for effective mitigation and management, but it is hard to disentangle the effect of noise, physical presence of boats, and context. We used passive acoustic techniques to quantify how boat disturbance affected bottlenose dolphin foraging activity, and characterized the conditions influencing responses. To account for potential masking effects of boat noise on foraging vocalizations (buzzes), we developed a novel procedure to estimate the relationship between buzz detection probability and noise levels in particular 1/3 octave bands. Bayesian hierarchical modeling was then used to assess the effect of boat presence on buzz occurrence, as well as potential interactions with noise level, location, year, day, hour, dolphin group size, and boat type and number. Our results indicate that boat presence was associated with a short-term 49% reduction in foraging activity, but there was no relationship with noise level. Differences between sites and between years suggested a variable susceptibility depending on foraging conditions. This effect increased for increasing number of boats and depended on boat type. This is the first study conclusively showing that boat physical presence, and not just noise, plays a large role in disturbance.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Table 1. Tree growth index and reconstructed precipitation series from 515 BC to AD 1993 based on the archaeological and living tree ring datasets from Dulan and Shenge, China (2013)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Sheppard, P R; Tarasov, Pavel E; Graumlich, L J; Heussner, Karl-Uwe; Wagner, M; Österle, Hermann; Thompson, L G (2004): Annual precipitation since 515 BC reconstructed from living and fossil juniper growth of northeastern Qinghai Province, China. Climate Dynamics, 23(7-8), 869-881, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-004-0473-2
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: Annual precipitation for the last 2,500 years was reconstructed for northeastern Qinghai from living and archaeological juniper trees. A dominant feature of the precipitation of this area is a high degree of variability in mean rainfall at annual, decadal, and centennial scales, with many wet and dry periods that are corroborated by other paleoclimatic indicators. Reconstructed values of annual precipitation vary mostly from 100 to 300 mm and thus are no different from the modern instrumental record in Dulan. However, relatively dry years with below-average precipitation occurred more frequently in the past than in the present. Periods of relatively dry years occurred during 74-25 BC, AD 51-375, 426-500, 526-575, 626-700, 1100-1225, 1251-1325, 1451-1525, 1651-1750 and 1801-1825. Periods with a relatively wet climate occurred during AD 376-425, 576-625, 951-1050, 1351-1375, 1551-1600 and the present. This variability is probably related to latitudinal positions of winter frontal storms. Another key feature of precipitation in this area is an apparently direct relationship between interannual variability in rainfall with temperature, whereby increased warming in the future might lead to increased flooding and droughts. Such increased climatic variability might then impact human societies of the area, much as the climate has done for the past 2,500 years.
    Keywords: -; Age; AGE; Calculated; Index; Precipitation integrated; Qinghai; Qinghai, northwest China; Reconstructed
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 12545 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    Distribution models for mountain plant species: The value of elevation (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Oke, Oluwatobi A; Thompson, Ken A (2015): Distribution models for mountain plant species: The value of elevation. Ecological Modelling, 301, 72-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.01.019
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: The climatic conditions of mountain habitats are greatly influenced by topography. Large differences in microclimate occur with small changes in elevation, and this complex interaction is an important determinant of mountain plant distributions. In spite of this, elevation is not often considered as a relevant predictor in species distribution models (SDMs) for mountain plants. Here, we evaluated the importance of including elevation as a predictor in SDMs for mountain plant species. We generated two sets of SDMs for each of 73 plant species that occur in the Pacific Northwest of North America; one set of models included elevation as a predictor variable and the other set did not. AUC scores indicated that omitting elevation as a predictor resulted in a negligible reduction of model performance. However, further analysis revealed that the omission of elevation resulted in large over-predictions of species' niche breadths—this effect was most pronounced for species that occupy the highest elevations. In addition, the inclusion of elevation as a predictor constrained the effects of other predictors that superficially affected the outcome of the models generated without elevation. Our results demonstrate that the inclusion of elevation as a predictor variable improves the quality of SDMs for high-elevation plant species. Because of the negligible AUC score penalty for over-predicting niche breadth, our results support the notion that AUC scores alone should not be used as a measure of model quality. More generally, our results illustrate the importance of selecting biologically relevant predictor variables when constructing SDMs.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/plain, 11.5 kBytes
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    MODIS derived, gap-filled and daily snow cover observations for the Australian Alps from 2000 - 2014 (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Keywords: Australia; Australian_Alps; File content; File format; File name; File size; SAT; Satellite remote sensing; Uniform resource locator/link to file
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 30 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
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