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  • 1
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    Biomarker data of four sediment cores from the Arctic Ocean (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Stein, Ruediger; Fahl, Kirsten; Gierz, Paul; Niessen, Frank; Lohmann, Gerrit (2017): Arctic Ocean sea ice cover during the penultimate glacial and the last interglacial. Nature Communications, 8(1), 13 pp, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00552-1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: Coinciding with global warming, Arctic sea ice has rapidly decreased during the last four decades and climate scenarios suggest that sea ice may completely disappear during summer within the next about 50-100 years. Here we produce Arctic sea ice biomarker proxy records for the penultimate glacial (Marine Isotope Stage 6) and the subsequent last interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage 5e). The latter is a time interval when the high latitudes were significantly warmer than today. We document that even under such warmer climate conditions, sea ice existed in the central Arctic Ocean during summer, whereas sea ice was significantly reduced along the Barents Sea continental margin influenced by Atlantic Water inflow. Our proxy reconstruction of the last interglacial sea ice cover is supported by climate simulations, although some proxy data/model inconsistencies still exist. During late Marine Isotope Stage 6, polynya-type conditions occurred off the major ice sheets along the northern Barents and East Siberian continental margins, contradicting a giant Marine Isotope Stage 6 ice shelf that covered the entire Arctic Ocean.
    Keywords: AWI_Paleo; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 2
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    COSMOS model simulations of NAO-like variability during middle Oligocene (2018)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Keywords: AWI_Paleo; File format; File name; File size; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI; Uniform resource locator/link to file
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 12 data points
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  • 3
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    Satellite derived and ice model data off Western Antarctic Peninsula (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Keywords: Antarctic sea ice; AWI_Envi; File content; File format; File name; File size; highly branched isoprenoids; IPSO25; Paleoclimate; Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems @ AWI; sea ice proxy; Uniform resource locator/link to file
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 10 data points
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  • 4
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    Climate model results of Fram Strait and Greenland-Scotland Ridge gateway sensitivity studies of COSMOS in NetCDF format (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: Herein, we publish the simulated global annual mean temperature (THO), salinity (SAO), ice compactness (SICOMO), Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), Global Meridional Overturning Circulation (GMOC), zonal velocity (UKO), meridional velocity (VKE), 10m u-velocity (u10), 10m v-velocity (v10), mixed layer depth (zmld), horizontal barotropic streamfunction (PSIUWE) and sealevel (ZO) over a time period of 100 years retrieved from equilibrium climate simulations for the Miocene (~23-15 Ma) and use different Greenland-Scotland Ridge (GSR) and Fram Strait (FS) sill depths as a representative for different tectonic settings that occur during the subsidence interval and utilized in the publication by Hossain et al. (2020). The climate data has been produced with COSMOS (ECHAM5/JSBACH/MPIOM/OASIS3), utilized at a resolution of T31 in the atmosphere (19 hybrid sigma-pressure levels) and a resolution of GR30 (bipolar orthogonal curvilinear grid, formal resolution of ~3.0°x1.8°) in the ocean (40 z-coordinate levels). The model setup refers to boundary conditions (incl. changes in orography, bathymetry, physical land surface characteristics, ice sheets, atmospheric CO2) representative for the Miocene. Details on setup and identifiers of Miocene model simulations can be found in Table 1 and Supplementary Table 1 of Hossain et al., 2020.
    Keywords: AWI_PaleoClimate; Fram Strait; Greenland-Scotland Ridge; Miocene; Paleo-climate Dynamics @ AWI; Thermohaline Fingerprints
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 290.7 MBytes
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  • 5
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    Simulated temperature changes as a result of Antarctic ice sheet growth and CO2 reduction (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Knorr, Gregor; Lohmann, Gerrit (2014): Climate warming during Antarctic ice sheet expansion at the Middle Miocene transition. Nature Geoscience, 7(5), 376-381, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2119
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: During the Middle Miocene climate transition about 14 million years ago, the Antarctic ice sheet expanded to near-modern volume. Surprisingly, this ice sheet growth was accompanied by a warming in the surface waters of the Southern Ocean, whereas a slight deep-water temperature increase was delayed by more than 200 thousand years. Here we use a coupled atmosphere-ocean model to assess the relative effects of changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and ice sheet growth on regional and global temperatures. In the simulations, changes in the wind field associated with the growth of the ice sheet induce changes in ocean circulation, deep-water formation and sea-ice cover that result in sea surface warming and deep-water cooling in large swaths of the Atlantic and Indian ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean. We interpret these changes as the dominant ocean surface response to a 100-thousand-year phase of massive ice growth in Antarctica. A rise in global annual mean temperatures is also seen in response to increased Antarctic ice surface elevation. In contrast, the longer-term surface and deep-water temperature trends are dominated by changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration. We therefore conclude that the climatic and oceanographic impacts of the Miocene expansion of the Antarctic ice sheet are governed by a complex interplay between wind field, ocean circulation and the sea-ice system.
    Keywords: AWI_PaleoClimate; File content; File name; File size; Paleo-climate Dynamics @ AWI; Uniform resource locator/link to model result file
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 8 data points
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  • 6
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    Climate model results of Greenland-Scotland Ridge (GSR) gateway sensitivity studies of COSMOS in NetCDF format (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Stärz, Michael; Jokat, Wilfried; Knorr, Gregor; Lohmann, Gerrit (2017): Threshold in North Atlantic-Arctic Ocean circulation controlled by the subsidence of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge. Nature Communications, 8(15681), 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15681
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-10
    Description: Herein, we publish the simulated global annual mean surface air temperatures (tsurf), zonal (UKO) and meridional (VKE) velocities, temperature (THO), salinity (SAO) and horizontal barotropic streamfunction (PSIUWE) over a time period of 100 years retrieved from equilibrium climate simulations for testing the sensitivity of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge and utilized in the publication by Stärz et al. (2017). The climate data has been produced with COSMOS (ECHAM5/JSBACH/MPIOM/OASIS3), utilized at a resolution of T31 in the atmosphere (19 hybrid sigma-pressure levels) and a resolution of GR30 (bipolar orthogonal curvilinear grid, formal resolution of ~3.0°x1.8°) in the ocean (40 z-coordinate levels). The model setup refers to boundary conditions (incl. changes in orography, bathymetry, physical land surface characteristics, ice sheets, atmospheric CO2) representative for the Miocene. Further information on the model setup and the model scenarios, including identifiers, is given in the Supplementary Table 1 of Stärz et al. (2017).
    Keywords: File content; File format; File name; File size; Greenland-Scotland_Ridge; GSR; South Atlantic Ocean; Uniform resource locator/link to file
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 170 data points
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  • 7
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    Supplementary material of IODP Site 342-U1410 and COSMOS model (2018)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Vahlenkamp, Maximilian; Niezgodzki, Igor; De Vleeschouwer, David; Bickert, Torsten; Harper, Dustin T; Kirtland Turner, Sandra; Lohmann, Gerrit; Sexton, Philip F; Zachos, James C; Pälike, Heiko (2018): Astronomically paced changes in deep-water circulation in the western North Atlantic during the middle Eocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 484, 329-340, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.12.016
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) currently redistributes heat and salt between Earth's ocean basins, and plays a vital role in the ocean-atmosphere CO2 exchange. Despite its crucial role in today's climate system, vigorous debate remains as to when deep-water formation in the North Atlantic started. Here, we present datasets from carbonate-rich middle Eocene sediments from the Newfoundland Ridge, revealing a unique archive of paleoceanographic change from the progressively cooling climate of the middle Eocene. Well-defined lithologic alternations between calcareous ooze and clay-rich intervals occur at the ~41-kyr beat of axial obliquity. Hence, we identify obliquity as the driver of middle Eocene (43.5-46 Ma) Northern Component Water (NCW, the predecessor of modern NADW) variability. High-resolution benthic foraminiferal d18O and d13C suggest that obliquity minima correspond to cold, nutrient-depleted, western North Atlantic deep waters. We thus link stronger NCW formation with obliquity minima. In contrast, during obliquity maxima, Deep Western Boundary Currents were weaker and warmer, while abyssal nutrients were more abundant. These aspects reflect a more sluggish NCW formation. This obliquity-paced paleoceanographic regime is in excellent agreement with results from an Earth system model, in which obliquity minima configurations enhance NCW formation.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program / International Ocean Discovery Program; IODP; MARUM
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 7 datasets
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  • 8
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    Ras Umm Sidd bimonthly δ¹⁸O and Sr/Ca data and annual d18O, Sr/Ca, reconstructed Sr/Ca temperature and reconstructed d18O seawater data of coral core/colony RUS-95 (2018)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Felis, Thomas; Ionita, Monica; Rimbu, Norel; Lohmann, Gerrit; Kölling, Martin (2018): Mild and Arid Climate in the Eastern Sahara-Arabian Desert During the Late Little Ice Age. Geophysical Research Letters, 45(14), 7112-7119, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078617
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: The climate of the Sahara and Arabian deserts during the Little Ice Age is not well known, due to a lack of annually resolved natural and documentary archives. We present an annual reconstruction of temperature and aridity derived from Sr/Ca and oxygen isotopes in a coral of the desert-surrounded northern Red Sea. Our data indicate that the eastern Sahara and Arabian Desert did not experience pronounced cooling during the late Little Ice Age (~1750-1850), but suggest an even more arid mean climate than in the following ~150 years. The mild temperatures are broadly in line with predominantly negative phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation during the Little Ice Age. The more arid climate is best explained by meridional advection of dry continental air from Eurasia. We find evidence for an abrupt termination of the more arid climate after 1850, coincident with a reorganization of the atmospheric circulation over Europe.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; MARUM
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 9
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    Sea surface temperature reconstruction from sediment core MD01-2443 using alkenones (2010)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-02
    Keywords: AGE; CALYPSO; Calypso Corer; GEOSCIENCES, MARMARCORE; Marion Dufresne (1995); MD01-2443; MD123; Sea surface temperature; SST calculated from alkenones
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 58 data points
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  • 10
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    Sr/Ca, U/Ca, and stable isotope data and bimonthly records of Ogasawara coral core OGA-02-1 (2009)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Felis, Thomas; Suzuki, Atsushi; Kuhnert, Henning; Dima, Mihai; Lohmann, Gerrit; Kawahata, Hodaka (2009): Subtropical coral reveals abrupt early-twentieth-century freshening in the western North Pacific Ocean. Geology, 37(6), 527-530, https://doi.org/10.1130/G25581A.1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: Instrumental climate observations provide robust records of global land and ocean temperatures during the twentieth century. Unlike for temperature, continuous salinity observations in the surface ocean are scarce prior to 1970, and the magnitude of salinity changes during the twentieth century is largely unknown. Surface ocean salinity is a major component in climate dynamics, as it influences ocean circulation and water mass formation. Here we present an annually resolved reconstruction of salinity variations in the surface waters of the western subtropical North Pacific Ocean since 1873, based on bimonthly records of d18O, Sr/Ca, and U/Ca in a coral from the Ogasawara Islands. The reconstruction indicates that an abrupt regime shift toward fresher surface ocean conditions occurred between 1905 and 1910. Observational atmospheric data suggest that the abrupt freshening was associated with a weakening of the winds that drive the Kuroshio Current system and the associated subtropical gyre circulation. We note that the abrupt early-twentieth-century freshening in the western subtropical North Pacific precedes abrupt climate change in the northern North Atlantic by a few years. The potential for abrupt regime shifts in surface ocean salinity should be considered in climate predictions for the coming decades.
    Keywords: DHC; Diver-held corer; OGA-02-1; Western Subtropical North Pacific Ocean, Chichijima, Ogasawara Islands, Japan
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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