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  • Articles  (57)
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  • Articles  (57)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of resistance in tomato against cucumber mosaic cucumovirus by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (2000)
    Springer
    BioControl 45 (2000), S. 127-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ; Bacillus pumilus ; Bacillus subtilus ; induced resistance ; induced systemic resistance ; Kluyvera cryocrescens ; plant defense
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Studies were done to evaluate specific strains of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for induced resistance against cucumber mosaic cucumovirus(CMV) in tomato. In greenhouse experiments where plants were challenged by mechanical inoculation of CMV, the percentage of symptomatic plants in the most effective PGPR treatments ranged from 32 to 58%,compared with 88 to 98% in the nonbacterized, challenged disease control treatment. Field experiments were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to evaluate 4 PGPR strain treatments based on superior performance in the greenhouse studies. In the 1996field experiment, tomato plants treated with 3 PGPR strains exhibited a significantly lower incidence of CMV infection and significantly higher yields, compared with nonbacterized, CMV-challenged controls. In 1997, the overall percentages of plants infected with CMV in the control and PGPR treatments was higher than in 1996. CMV symptom development was significantly reduced on PGPR-treated plants in 1997compared with the control, but the percentage of infected plants and tomato yields were not significantly different among treatments. These results suggest that PGPR-mediated induced resistance against CMV infection following mechanical inoculation onto tomato can be maintained under field conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009923702103
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced plant growth by siderophores produced by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 286 (1980), S. 885-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Plant growth-promoting fluorescent Pseudomonas strains Al, BK1, TL3B1 and BIO, isolated from potato periderm or roots, exhibited in vitro antibiosis on King's medium B8 agar plates (KB) against the bacterium Erwinia carotovora, which causes potato soft rot and seedpiece decay (Fig. 1). When KB ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/286885a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of resistance against Fusarium wilt of tomato by combination of chitosan with an endophytic bacterial strain: ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the host response (1998)
    Springer
    Planta 204 (1998), S. 153-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Callose ; Chitin ; Elicitor ; Fusarium wilt ; Phenolic compounds ; Wall appositions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The potential of Bacillus pumilus (PGPR strain SE 34), either alone or in combination with chitosan, for inducing defense reactions in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants inoculated with the vascular fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, was studied by light and transmission electron microscopy and further investigated by gold cytochemistry. The key importance of fungal challenge in the elaboration of defense mechanisms is discussed in relation to the possibility that an alarm signal provided by the pathogen itself is required for the expression of resistance in plants previously sensitized by biotic agents. Ultrastructural investigations of the infected root tissues from water-treated (control) plants showed a rapid colonization of all tissues including the vascular stele. In root tissues from bacterized tomato plants grown in the absence of chitosan, the limited fungal development coincided with marked changes in the host physiology. The main facets of the altered host metabolism concerned the induction of a structural response at sites of fungal entry and the abnormal accumulation of electron-dense substances in the colonized areas. A substantial increase in the extent and magnitude of the cellular changes induced by B. pumilus was observed when chitosan was supplied to bacterized tomato plants. These changes were characterized by a considerable enlargement of the callose-enriched wall appositions deposited onto the inner cell wall surface in the epidermis and the outer cortex. The use of the wheat germ agglutinin-ovomucoid-gold complex provided evidence that the wall-bound chitin component in Fusarium cells colonizing bacterized tomato roots was not substantially altered. One of the most-typical fungal cell reactions, observed only when bacterized tomato plants were grown in the presence of chitosan, was the formation of abnormal chitin-enriched deposits between the retracted plasma membrane and the cell wall. Results of the present study provide the first evidence that combination of biocontrol approaches is a promising step towards elaborating integrated pest management programmes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050242
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of the geocarposphere and rhizosphere effect of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 136 (1991), S. 103-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Archis hypogaea ; Aspergillus flavus ; geocarposphere ; groundnut ; peanut ; Pseudomonas ; rhizosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Roots and pods of field-grown peanut (groundnut) (Arachis hypogaea L.) were sampled at the R3, R5, and R7 developmental stages and examined in comparison to root- and pod-free soil for microbial population densities to assess the geocarposphere and rhizosphere effects. G/ S (no. geocarposphere microorganisms/no. soil microorganisms) and R/S (no. rhizosphere microorganisms/no. soil microorganisms) ratios were calculated for total fungi,Asperigillus flavus, spore-forming bacilli, coryneform bacteria, fluorescent pseudomonads, and total bacteria isolated on low- and high-nutrient media. A clear geocarposphere effect was evidenced by increased population densities of bacteria and fungi associated with developing pods compared to soil. G/S and R/S ratios were generally greater than 1.0 for all groups of microorganisms except bacilli. G/S ratios were greater for total bacteria than for total fungi at two of the three sample times, suggesting that bacteria were stimulated more than fungi in the zone around developing pods. In contrast, R/S ratios, were higher for total fungi than for total bacteria at two of three sample times. The preferential association of fungi and bacteria with early developmental stages of the pod indicates that some microorganisms are particularly well adapted for colonization of the peanut geocarposphere. These microorganisms are logical candidates for evaluation as biological control candiates forA. flavus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02465225
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of populations and physiological characterization of microorganisms in rhizospheres of plants with antagonistic properties to phytopathogenic nematodes (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 136 (1991), S. 95-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Abruzzi rye ; antagonistic plants ; biological control of nematodes ; castor bean ; rhizobacteria ; sword bean ; velvet bean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Populations of rhizosphere microflora of plants which have demonstrated an antagonism toward phytopathogenic nematodes, including velvet bean (Mucuna deeringiana), castor bean (Ricinus communis), sword bean (Cannavalia ensiformis), and Abruzzi rye (Secale cereale)., were compared to the rhizosphere microflora of soybean. Population densities of total bacteria were significantly lower for young Abruzzi rye, mature velvet bean, and mature castor bean, and fungi from mature velvet bean than for soybean. Population densities of spore-forming bacilli were significantly higher for Abruzzi rye than for soybean. Population densities of coryneform bacteria for mature sword bean and velvet bean were significantly higher than for soybean. All seedling test poants supported significantly higher population densities of chitinolytic fungi than soybean. On mature plants, chitinolytic bacteria were significantly higher on all test plants except velvet bean. Populations of endophytic root bacteria for three of the four test plants were significantly higher than for soybean. Fifty randomly, selected bacterial strains from seedlings and mature plants of soybean and each test plant were characterized for various physiological traits associated with rhizosphere competence, including chitinolytic activity, gelatin hydrolysis, production of hydrogen cyanide, starch hydrolysis, phenol oxidation, siderophore production, and production of antifungal compounds (inhibition ofPythium ultimum and/orRhizoctonia solani). There was a strong trend to increased frequency in each of the physiological tests with bacteria from test plants in comparison to those from soybean. The frequency of starch hydrolysis was up to 24 times greater for strains from test plants than for soybean strains, and siderophore production was up to 22 times more frequent for test plants. These results demonstrate that, compared to soybean, plants with properties antagonistic to phytopathogenic nematodes have a distinct rhizosphere microflora.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02465224
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological characterization of opine-utilizing rhizobacteria for traits related to plant growth-promoting activity (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 132 (1991), S. 273-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; biological control ; Botrytis sp. ; Erwinia carotovora ; Fusarium solani ; Pseudomonas sp.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Thirty-two strains of opine-utilizing rhizobacteria were evaluated for physiological traits which have been related to plant growth-promoting activity. Tests included antibiosis against two bacterial and eight fungal pathogens of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), production of hydrogen cyanide and fluorescent pigment production. On average, 71 and 12% of the bacteria inhibited the growth of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, respectively. The growth of Botrytis sp. was inhibited by 62% of the bacteria, and half of these produced an inhibition zone of more than 7 mm in diameter. Fusarium solani, Colletotrichum coccodes, Phoma exigua, Verticillium dahliae, F. oxysporum, V. albo-atrum and F. sambucinum were antagonized by 43, 34, 31, 25, 19, 18, and 12% of the bacteria, respectively. Only four strains produce hydrogen cyanide. The inhibition of a plant pathogen was not correlated to the production of fluorescent pigment. No strain produced a hypersensitive reaction whereas only three strains induced soft-rot and two produced polygalacturonase. Some opine-utilizing rhizobacteria were strong inhibitors of all plant pathogens, while most were active against specific plant pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010408
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masking of antibiotic-resistance upon recovery of endophytic bacteria (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 186 (1996), S. 213-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: antibiotic-resistance ; bacteria ; endophyte ; rifampicin ; rifampin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract During studies on internal plant colonization by rhizosphere bacteria and endophytic bacteria over several years, we frequently observed lack of growth of rifampicin-resistant mutants (rif+) on tryptic soy agar amended with rifampicin (RTSA). Following seed treatment of cucumber with 6 species of rif+ rhizosphere bacteria in one experiment, all strains were recoverable on RTSA when external root colonization was monitored. Following trituration of surface-disinfested roots, only one strain grew directly on RTSA; however colonies isolated on tryptic soy agar (TSA) grew within 18 h after transfer to RTSA. We term this temporary loss of the antibiotic-resistant phenotype ‘antibiotic masking’. Antibiotic masking was also observed with isolation of 7 rif+ endophytic bacterial strains from inside stems of cotton and with isolation of mutants of bacterial endophytes resistant to polymyxin B sulfate from cotton plants. Rifampicin-masking was not accounted for in vitro by inhibitory compounds from cotton plant extracts, by bacterial growth on low nutrient agar, or by competition with other bacteria. Collectively, these results suggest that expression of antibiotic-resistance may be altered in planta, although causes for this antibiotic-masking remain to be elucidated, methods for quantifying internal plant colonization by rif+ bacteria should account for this possibility. ei]Section editor: R O D Dixon
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02415516
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survey of indigenous bacterial endophytes from cotton and sweet corn (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 173 (1995), S. 337-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: colonization ; cotton ; endophytes ; roots ; stems ; sweet corn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The genotypic diversity of indigenous bacterial endophytes within stems and roots of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was determined in field trials throughout one growing season. Strains were isolated from surface-disinfested tissues and identified by fatty acid analysis. Gram-negative bacteria comprised 70.5% of the endophytic bacteria and 27 of the 36 genera identified. The most frequently isolated groups from sweet corn roots, were Burkholderia pickettii and Enterobacter spp.; from sweet corn stems, Bacillus megaterium. Bacterial genera present in sweet corn roots were also generally present in sweet corn stems. However, Burkholderia gladioli, Burkholderia solanacearum and Enterobacter cloacae were isolated much more frequently from sweet corn roots than stems, whereas Methylobacterium spp. were found more frequently in sweet corn stems than roots. Agrobacterium radiobacter, Serratia spp. and Burkholderia solanacearum, were the most frequently isolated groups from cotton roots; and Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus pumilus from cotton stems. Acinetobacter baumannii and Arthrobacter spp. were present in cotton stems but not in cotton roots. There were 14 taxonomic groups present in cotton roots that were not in cotton stems; all but one were Gram-negative. These included, Agrobacterium radiobacter, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Enterobacter asburiae, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Serratia spp. and Staphylococcus spp. Rhizobium japonicum and Variovorax paradoxus were isolated, almost exclusively, from the roots of both crops. Bacterial taxa present in both sweet corn and cotton early in the season were generally present late in the season. The diversity of bacteria was greater in roots than stems for each crop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011472
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of selected geocarposphere bacteria for biological control of Aspergillus flavus in peanut (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 175 (1995), S. 291-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Arachis hypogaea ; Aspergillus flavus ; biological control ; geocarposphere ; rhizosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Selected bacterial strains isolated from the region of peanut pod development (geocarposphere) and two additional bacterial strains were screened as potential biological control agents against Aspergillus flavus invasion and subsequent aflatoxin contamination of peanut in laboratory, greenhouse, and field trials. All 17 geocarposphere strains tested delayed invasion of young roots and reduced colonization by the fungus in a root-radicle assay used as a rapid laboratory prescreen. In a greenhouse study, seven bacterial strains significantly reduced pod colonization by A. flavus compared to the control. In a field trial, conducted similarly to the greenhouse assay, pods sampled at mid-peg from plants seed-treated with suspensions of either 91A-539 or 91A-550 were not colonized by A. flavus, and the incidence of pods invaded from plants treated with either 91A-539 or 91A-599 was consistently lower than nonbacterized plants at each of five sampling dates. At harvest, 8 geocarposphere bacterial strains significantly lowered the percentage of pods colonized (〉 51%) compared to the control. Levels of seed colonization ranged from 1.3% to 45% and did not appear related to aflatoxin concentrations in the kernels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011365
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative identification by fatty acid analysis of soil, rhizosphere, and geocarposphere bacteria of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 139 (1992), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Arachis hypogaea ; Aspergillus flavus ; geocarposphere ; groundnut ; peanut ; rhizosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Bacterial isolates were collected from the geocarposphere, rhizosphere, and root-free soil of field grown peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) at three sample dates, and the isolates were identified by analysis of fatty acid methyl-esters to determine if qualitative differences exist among the bacterial microflora of these zones. Five bacterial genera were associated with isolates from soil, while pod and root isolates constituted 16 and 13 genera, respectively, indicating that bacterial diversity was higher in the rhizosphere and geocarposphere than in soil. The dominant (most frequently identified) genus across all three samples dates was Flavobacterium, for pods, Pseudomonas for roots, and Bacillus, for root-free soil. Sixteen bacterial taxa were only isolated from the geocarposphere, 7 only from the rhizosphere, and 5 only from soil. These results show that specific bacterial taxa are preferentially adapted to colonization of the geocarposphere and suggest that the soil, rhizosphere, and geocarposphere constitute three distinct ecological niches. Bacteria which colonize the geocarposphere should be examined as potential biological control agents for pod-invading fungi such as the toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012845
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