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  • Articles  (141)
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  • 1
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    Toward a “Molecular Thermometer” to Estimate the Charring Temperature of Wildland Charcoals Derived from Different Biomass Sources (2013)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-02
    Description: Environmental Science & Technology DOI: 10.1021/es401430f
    Print ISSN: 0013-936X
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5851
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 2
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    Unifying Concepts of Organic Matter Cycling in Soil, River, and Marine Environments (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: Scientists from 18 countries gathered in Monte Verità, Switzerland, for SOM–5, a workshop dedicated to a discussion of global biogeochemical cycling of organic matter (OM) in soil, river, and marine environments. The 95 participants represented a range of areas of expertise, including soil and ocean science, marine chemistry, global carbon cycling, geomorphology, and organic geochemistry. A large proportion of those attending—40%—were women or early career scientists.
    Print ISSN: 0096-3941
    Electronic ISSN: 2324-9250
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Economic Effects of Climate Change in Alaska (2019)
    American Meteorological Society (AMS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Weather, Climate, and Society, Volume 11, Issue 2, Page 245-258, April 2019. 〈br/〉
    Print ISSN: 1948-8327
    Electronic ISSN: 1948-8335
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society (AMS)
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  • 4
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    Nitrogen addition alters mineralization dynamics of 13C-depleted leaf and twig litter and reduces leaching of older DOC from mineral soil (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-16
    Description: Recent reviews indicate that N deposition increases soil organic matter (SOM) storage in forests but the underlying processes are poorly understood. Our aim was to quantify the impacts of increased N inputs on soil C fluxes such as C mineralization and leaching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from different litter materials and native SOM. We added 5.5 g N m -2 y -1 as NH 4 NO 3 over one year to two beech forest stands on calcareous soils in the Swiss Jura. We replaced the native litter layer with 13 C-depleted twigs and leaves (δ 13 C:-38.4 and -40.8‰) in late fall and measured N effects on litter- and SOM-derived C fluxes. Nitrogen addition did not significantly affect annual C losses through mineralization, but altered the temporal dynamics in litter mineralization: increased N inputs stimulated initial mineralization during winter (leaves: +25%; twigs: +22%), but suppressed rates in the subsequent summer. The switch from a positive to a negative response occurred earlier and more strongly for leaves than for twigs (-21% vs. 0%). Nitrogen addition did not influence microbial respiration from the non-labeled calcareous mineral soil below the litter which contrasts with recent meta-analysis primarily based on acidic soils. Leaching of DOC from the litter layer was not affected by NH 4 NO 3 additions, but DOC fluxes from the mineral soils at 5 and 10 cm depth were significantly reduced by 17%. The 13 C tracking indicated that litter-derived C contributed less than 15% of the DOC flux from the mineral soil, with N additions not affecting this fraction. Hence, the suppressed DOC fluxes from the mineral soil at higher N inputs can be attributed to reduced mobilization of non-litter derived ‘older’ DOC. We relate this decline to an altered solute chemistry by NH4NO3 additions, an increased ionic strength and acidification resulting from nitrification, rather than to a change in microbial decomposition.
    Print ISSN: 1354-1013
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
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    Number of collisions in the Glauber model and beyond (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-30
    Description: Author(s): C. Ciofi degli Atti, B. Z. Kopeliovich, C. B. Mezzetti, I. K. Potashnikova, and I. Schmidt The so-called number of hadron-nucleus collisions n coll ( b ) at impact parameter b and its integral value N coll , which are used to normalize the measured fractional cross section of a hard process, are calculated within the Glauber-Gribov theory, including the effects of nucleon short-range correlatio... [Phys. Rev. C 84, 025205] Published Mon Aug 29, 2011
    Keywords: Hadronic Physics and QCD
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-490X
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    Biochar by design (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-30
    Description: Nature Geoscience 7, 326 (2014). doi:10.1038/ngeo2154 Authors: S. Abiven, M. W. I. Schmidt & J. Lehmann Biochar has been heralded as a solution to a number of agricultural and environmental ills. To get the most benefit from its application, environmental and social circumstances should both be considered.
    Print ISSN: 1752-0894
    Electronic ISSN: 1752-0908
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 7
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    Switch in FGF signalling initiates glial differentiation in the Drosophila eye (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-15
    Description: The formation of a complex nervous system requires the intricate interaction of neurons and glial cells. Glial cells generally migrate over long distances before they initiate their differentiation, which leads to wrapping and insulation of axonal processes. The molecular pathways coordinating the switch from glial migration to glial differentiation are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that, within the Drosophila eye imaginal disc, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling coordinates glial proliferation, migration and subsequent axonal wrapping. Glial differentiation in the Drosophila eye disc requires a succession from glia-glia interaction to glia-neuron interaction. The neuronal component of the fly eye develops in the peripheral nervous system within the eye-antennal imaginal disc, whereas glial cells originate from a pool of central-nervous-system-derived progenitors and migrate onto the eye imaginal disc. Initially, glial-derived Pyramus, an FGF8-like ligand, modulates glial cell number and motility. A switch to neuronally expressed Thisbe, a second FGF8-like ligand, then induces glial differentiation. This switch is accompanied by an alteration in the intracellular signalling pathway through which the FGF receptor channels information into the cell. Our findings reveal how a switch from glia-glia interactions to glia-neuron interactions can trigger formation of glial membrane around axonal trajectories. These results disclose an evolutionarily conserved control mechanism of axonal wrapping, indicating that Drosophila might serve as a model to understand glial disorders in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Franzdottir, Sigridur Rut -- Engelen, Daniel -- Yuva-Aydemir, Yeliz -- Schmidt, Imke -- Aho, Annukka -- Klambt, Christian -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 6;460(7256):758-61. doi: 10.1038/nature08167. Epub 2009 Jul 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Neurobiologie, Universitat Munster, Badestr. 9, D-48149 Munster, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19597479" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/metabolism ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/cytology/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Eye/*cytology/growth & development/innervation/metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/*metabolism ; Guinea Pigs ; Ligands ; Neuroglia/*cytology/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    Genome-wide insertional mutagenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-02
    Description: Over 225,000 independent Agrobacterium transferred DNA (T-DNA) insertion events in the genome of the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana have been created that represent near saturation of the gene space. The precise locations were determined for more than 88,000 T-DNA insertions, which resulted in the identification of mutations in more than 21,700 of the approximately 29,454 predicted Arabidopsis genes. Genome-wide analysis of the distribution of integration events revealed the existence of a large integration site bias at both the chromosome and gene levels. Insertion mutations were identified in genes that are regulated in response to the plant hormone ethylene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alonso, Jose M -- Stepanova, Anna N -- Leisse, Thomas J -- Kim, Christopher J -- Chen, Huaming -- Shinn, Paul -- Stevenson, Denise K -- Zimmerman, Justin -- Barajas, Pascual -- Cheuk, Rosa -- Gadrinab, Carmelita -- Heller, Collen -- Jeske, Albert -- Koesema, Eric -- Meyers, Cristina C -- Parker, Holly -- Prednis, Lance -- Ansari, Yasser -- Choy, Nathan -- Deen, Hashim -- Geralt, Michael -- Hazari, Nisha -- Hom, Emily -- Karnes, Meagan -- Mulholland, Celene -- Ndubaku, Ral -- Schmidt, Ian -- Guzman, Plinio -- Aguilar-Henonin, Laura -- Schmid, Markus -- Weigel, Detlef -- Carter, David E -- Marchand, Trudy -- Risseeuw, Eddy -- Brogden, Debra -- Zeko, Albana -- Crosby, William L -- Berry, Charles C -- Ecker, Joseph R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 1;301(5633):653-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12893945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions ; 5' Untranslated Regions ; Alleles ; Arabidopsis/*genetics/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Base Composition ; Chromosomes, Plant/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; DNA, Plant/chemistry/genetics ; Ethylenes/pharmacology ; Exons ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects ; Genes, Plant ; *Genome, Plant ; Introns ; *Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombination, Genetic ; Rhizobium/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Decoupled Sedimentary Records of Combustion: Causes and Implications (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-17
    Description: Pyrogenic carbon (PyC) is a collective term for carbon-rich residues comprised of a continuum of products arising from biomass burning and fossil-fuel combustion. PyC is ubiquitous in the environment where it can be transported by wind and water before being deposited in aquatic sediments. We compare results from four different methods used to trace PyC that were applied to a high-temporal resolution sedimentary record in order to constrain changes in PyC concentrations and fluxes over the past ~250 years. We find markedly discordant records for different PyC tracers, particularly during the pre-industrial age, implying different origins and modes of supply of sedimentary PyC. In addition to providing new insights into the composition of sedimentary combustion products, this study reveals that elucidation of past combustion processes, and development of accurate budgets of PyC production and deposition on local to regional scales requires careful consideration of both source characteristics and transport processes.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    Discrepancies in utilization of density fractionation along with ultrasonic dispersion to obtain distinct pools of soil organic matter (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-25
    Description: Density fractionation along with ultrasonic dispersion is widely applied in soil science to obtain distinct fractions of soil organic matter. Density cut-off and dispersion energy are crucial parameters to yield fractions closely corresponding to their conceptual definitions. Our literature review revealed methodological discrepancies in the utilization of density-fractionation schemes. Strikingly, reasons for the selection of specific density or dispersion energy were rarely explained. Thus, it is not known how results of different approaches relate to each other. We therefore recommend testing and reporting effects of fractionation parameters on chemical and physical properties of fractions, to achieve agreement and coherence on parameters to be used and facilitate comparability in future studies.
    Print ISSN: 1436-8730
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2624
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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