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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design, construction, and operation of some all-glass pilot-plant fermetors (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20 (1978), S. 1345-1375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The design, Construction, and operation of a 400 liter all-glass fermentor, made from industrial glass Components, is described in detail. Outline details are also given for 100 and liter vessels of similar construction. The performance of the 400 liter fermentor with a variety of organisms is discussed. Harvesting performance. Using a disk-stak centrifuge, is also described.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260200904
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organosolv pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis of poplars: I. Enzyme hydrolysis of cellulosic residues (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 643-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aspen (Populus tremuloides) and black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) organosolv pulps produced in a wide range of solvent composition (between 30 and 70% by volume of methanol) and catalysts (H2SO4 and H3PO4) such that the cooking liquor pH ≤ 3 are easily digested by enzymes. The total yields of hydrolysis residues (pulps) are in the 40-60% range; the acid-catalyzed delignification followed by enzyme hydrolysis can generate 70-88% of the original six-carbon sugars contained in the wood. Glucomannan and arablnogalactan are dissolved into the pulping liquor in the pH range of 2-4.5. Lower pH (≤3) leads to additional solubilization of six-carbon sugars. These sugars may be fermented directly. From the insoluble hydrolysis residues, 36-41% conversions of wood into fermentable sugars were obtained after enzyme hydrolysis; the starting feedstocks contain 50.8 and 46.6% hexosans, respectively, for aspen and black cotton-wood. The kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose can be formally treated as two simultaneous pseudo-first-order reactions in which fast and slow hydrolyses of cellulose occur. Correlations between the glucan digestibility and the effect of the pretreatment have been made. The higher residual xylan content reduces the amount of the rapidly hydrolyzable glucan fraction and lowers the glucan digestibility. The proposed simple kinetic treatment is very helpful in assessing the effect of the pretreatment on pulp enzyme hydrolyzability.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310703
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A microfibril-generating factor from the cellulase of Trichoderma reesei (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 321-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A combination of ionic strength reduction and diafiltration of Trichoderma reesei cellulate complex through a hollow fiber apparatus of 5000 molecular weight (MW) cutoff and subsequent passage of filtrate over a Spherogel-TSK 3000-SW column provided extracts that had the ability to generate microfibrils in filter paper and to disrupt filter paper and corn leaf tissue. Milligram quantities of material obtained from these extracts released small amounts of soluble carbohydrate from filter paper, required ferric iron for increased activity, and contained amino acids. Short fiber formation and disruption of filter paper during interaction with these extracts was enhanced by prior acid treatment and eliminated by prior base treatment. The amount of soluble carbohydrate hydrolyzed in 24 h from filter paper by whole cellulase complex was not changed by first disrupting the substrate with the extracts.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310407
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A microfibril generating factor from the enzyme complex of Trichoderma reesei (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 296-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260260315
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dilute acid hydrolysis of paper birch: Kinetics studies of xylan and acetyl-group hydrolysis (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 355-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Batch hydrolysis kinetics of paper birch (Betula papyrifera) xylan and its associated acetyl groups in dilute sulfuric acid have been measured for acid concentrations of between 0.04 and 0.18M and temperatures of between 100 and 170°C. Only 5% of the cellulose was hydrolyzed for up to 85% xylan removal. Rate data were correlated well by a parallel reaction model based on the existence of reactive and resistant xylan portions. The resulting rate equation predicts the experimental xylan concentrations in the residue to within 10%. Hydrolysis of xylan-associated acetyl groups was found to occur at the same rate as that of xylan, except at 100°C, where acetyl is released preferentially. No effect of acid concentration on the rate of acetyl removal relative to that of xylan was evident.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270321
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A non-linearly stable implicit finite element algorithm for hypersonic aerodynamics (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 34 (1992), S. 419-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A generalized curvilinear co-ordinate Taylor weak statement implicit finite element algorithm is developed for the two-dimensional and axisymmetric compressible Navier-Stokes equations for ideal and reacting gases. For accurate hypersonic simulation, air is modelled as a mixture of five perfect gases, i.e. molecular and atomic oxygen and nirogen as well as nitric oxide. The associated pressure is then determined via Newton solution of the classical chemical equilibrium equation system. The directional semi-discretization is achieved using an optimal metric data Galerkin finite element weak statement, on a developed ‘companion conservation law system’, permitting classical test and trial space definitions. Utilizing an implicit Runge-Kutta scheme, the terminal algorithm is then non-linearly stable, and second-order accurate in space and time on arbitrary curvilinear co-ordinates. Subsequently, a matrix tensor product factorization procedure permits an efficient numerical linear algebra handling for large Courant numbers. For ideal- and real-gas hypersonic flows, the algorithm generates essentially non-oscillatory numerical solutions in the presence of strong detached shocks and boundary layer inviscid flow interactions.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620340203
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shape reconstruction and volume meshing for complex solids (1991)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 32 (1991), S. 665-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The reconstruction of a solid surface from a series of cross-sections and the generation of a volume mesh that conforms with a prescribed surface are issues that arise in numerous applications. We describe an approach to both these problems that is based on the generation of a tetrahedral mesh which automatically captures a triangulation of the surface points. A simple algorithm for introducing a set of interior points permits a simple partition of the volume mesh into two disjoint sets of tetrahedra such that one set determines the interior of the solid while the second determines the exterior.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620320404
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite element solution algorithm for viscous incompressible fluid dynamics (1973)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 6 (1973), S. 89-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical solution algorithm employing the finite element concept of solid mechanics is derived for the transient laminar two-dimensional flow of an incompressible viscous fluid. Through dependent variable transformation, the problem is uniformly recast into the solution of a quasi-linear elliptic boundary value-problem, for which the finite element solution theory is established. The algorithm is uniquely user-oriented in accepting the generalized elliptic boundary condition specification of any non-coordinate-surface solution do main closure segment and on employing an arbitrarily irregular computational latticc. Numerical results are presented for several problems in internal flow illustrating solution accuracy, convergence, versatility and the ability to predict imbedded regions of recirculating flow.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620060110
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of magnetic fields computed by finite element and classical series methods (1983)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 271-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The finite element reduced scalar potential method of calculating magnetic fields is investigated by comparing it with a classical series method. Both methods are applied to two problems having a current band surrounding a ferromagnetic shell. The magnetic field distributions obtained by both methods are shown to be in generally good agreement.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620190208
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-step immobilized enzyme conversion of cephalosporin C to 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 510-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cephalosporin C ; production of 7ACA ; immobilized D-amino acid oxidase ; immobilized GL-acylase ; industrial enzyme process ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The first large-scale production of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7ACA) from cephalosporin C (CPC) using a wholly enzymatic synthesis method is reported here. We produced 7ACA from CPC in as high a molar yield as 85% using the immobilized enzymes D-amino acid oxidase (D-AOD) and glutaryl-7-ACA acylase (GL-acylase). In the first reactor, CPC is converted to keto-adipyl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid (keto-7ACA) using an immobilized D-AOD isolated from a yeast, Trigonopsis variabilis. The keto-7ACA is then spontaneously converted to glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid (GL-7ACA) via a chemical reaction with hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide is also a product of the D-AOD reaction. Near quantitative conversion of the keto-7ACA to GL-7ACA was observed. The second reactor converts GL-7ACA to 7ACA using an immobilized GL-acylase, which was isolated from a reconbinant Escherichia coli. The final 7ACA crystalline product is a high quality product. The reactions are conducted under very mild aqueous conditions: pH 8.0 and 20° to 25°C. The production of desacetyl side products is minimal. This process is currently being implemented on an industrial scale to produce 7ACA. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260460603
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