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  • Artikel  (110)
  • Springer  (102)
  • Annual Reviews  (6)
  • Oxford University Press  (2)
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  • Artikel  (110)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Response of Natural Ecosystems to the Rising Global CO2 Levels (1990)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 21 (1990), S. 167-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Quelle: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.21.110190.001123
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Physiological Ecology of Plant Succession (1979)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 10 (1979), S. 351-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Quelle: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.10.110179.002031
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Physiological Ecology of Tropical Succession: A Comparative Review (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 11 (1980), S. 287-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Quelle: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.11.110180.001443
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photosynthetic and growth response to fumigation with SO2 at elevated CO2 for C3 and C4 plants (1982)
    Springer
    Oecologia 54 (1982), S. 50-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Six early successional plant species with differing photosynthetic pathways (3 C3 species and 3 C4 species) were grown at either 300, 600, or 1,200 ppm CO2 and at either 0.0 or 0.25 ppm SO2. Total plant growth increased with CO2 concentration for the C3 species and varied only slightly with CO2 for the C4 species. Fumigation with SO2 caused reduced growth of the C3 species at 300 ppm CO2 but not at the higher concentrations of CO2. Fumigation with SO2 reduced growth of the C4 species at high CO2 and increased growth at 300 ppm CO2. Leaf area increased with increasing CO2 for all plant species. Fumigation with SO2 reduced leaf area of C3 plants more at low CO2 than at high CO2 while leaf area of C4 plants was reduced more at high CO2 than at low CO2. These results support the notion that C3 species are more sensitive to SO2 fumigation than are C4 species at concentrations of CO2 equal to that found in normal ambient air. However, the difference in sensitivity to SO2 between C3 and C4 species was found to be reversed at higher concentrations of CO2. A possible explanation for this reversal based upon differences in stomatal response to elevated CO2 between C3 and C4 species is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541106
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of night temperature on daytime stomatal conductance in early and late successional plants (1982)
    Springer
    Oecologia 54 (1982), S. 76-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Sixteen annuals, biennials, and herbaceous and woody perennials characteristic of early and late successional old field ecosystems and upland and floodplain habitats were analyzed for their response of stomatal conductance to changes in night temperature. Early successional species that germinate in early spring when temperatures are low, but above freezing are insensitive to cool nights, i.e., their conductance in the following days is unaffected by low night temperature. Later spring and summer-emerging species' stomatal conductance is inhibited by low temperatures. Tree species show the same effects and in some an enhancement of stomatal conductance by low night temperatures was observed. However, adaptive differences in response to night temperatures appear related to both phenology of germination and growth and habitat types.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541112
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Plasticity and genotypic variation in photosynthetic behaviour of an early and a late successional species of Polygonum (1983)
    Springer
    Oecologia 57 (1983), S. 270-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Rates of photosynthesis were measured in each of six replicated genotypes for each of two Polygonum species at five light and seven temperature levels. The early successional species, Polygonum pensylvanicum L., exhibited higher rates of photosynthesis and a more sun-tolerant behavior compared to its later successional relative, Polygonum virginianum L., results that are consistent with previously observed successional trends. Quantitative comparisons of individual genotype plasticity and between-genotype variation indicate that, in general, plasticity contributes more to population flexibility in photosynthetic response of these species than does between-genotype variation. However, the relative contribution of between-genotype variation was found to vary depending on the environmental variable and species studied. Between-genotype variation assumed greater importance in the temperature response than in the light response. Similarly between-genotype variation was more important in P. virginianum than in P. pensylvanicum supporting the notion that later successional species are less plastic. These results establish that significant levels of photosynthetic variation occur even within populations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379590
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Maternal regulation of fecundity: non-random ovule abortion inCassia fasciculata Michx. (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 68 (1986), S. 459-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary We examined the extent of ovule abortion and the within-fruit pattern of abortion inCassia fasciculata, an annual legume, and tested the hypothesis that abortion can result from competition for limited maternal resources among developing fruits and seeds. In a natural population at Mayview, IL, 53.4% of ovules in mature fruits matured as seeds; 43.4% showed some development but aborted, and 3.1% showed no development over virgin ovules. In a greenhouse experiment in which treatments were applied after most fruits were initiated, nutrient addition and partial root removel had no effect on abortion, but drought reduced the proportion of ovules maturing to 75% of the control mean. A fruit thinning experiment was conducted in which the number of fruits initiated on certain plants was limited. Control plants had more ovule abortion than fruit-thinned plants, suggesting that abortion resulted from competition for limited maternal resources. A “position effect” was observed in both field and greenhouse populations; ovules toward the fruit base (pedicellar end) had higher frequencies of abortion than those at the distal end. Thus, ovule abortion, like fruit abortion in this species, is non-random. Indivisuals regulate fecundity at both the whole fruit and individual seed levels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01036755
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photosynthetic acclimation to variability in the light environment of early and late successional plants (1982)
    Springer
    Oecologia 54 (1982), S. 313-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Fourteen plant species from early-, mid-, and late-successional habitats were grown for a period of 25 to 50 days in each of two light environments, i.e. full sunlight and in deep shade. The rate of photosynthesis for newly formed leaves was measured as a function of light intensity for plants from each light environment. Photosynthetic flexibility, measured as the difference in response between sun- and shade-grown plants, was determined for each of 5 parameters including dark respiration, quantum yield, light compensation, half-saturating irradiance for photosynthesis, and the photosynthetic rate at 1,400 μE m-2 s-1. We found photosynthetic flexibility to be high for early successional annuals, intermediate for midsuccessional species, and low for late successional species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379999
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Responses of an early and a late successional species of Polygonum to variations in resource availability (1983)
    Springer
    Oecologia 56 (1983), S. 397-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The behavior of Polygonum pensylvanicum L., an early successional annual, and Polygonum virginianum L., a later successional perennial were compared on singlefactor gradients of light, nutrients and soil moisture and on a double-factor gradient of light and nutrients. The two species were grown together as well as alone. In most cases, the early successional species was more productive and allocated less of its biomass to belowground parts relative to its later successional congener. The early successional species was also more opportunistic in its utilization of resources as evidenced by its greater responsiveness to varying resource availability. The role of perenniality in the later successional species may be dual. Individuals of P. virginianum started from seed were more responsive to deficiencies in resources than were individuals started from rootstocks in these experiments. In the single-factor experiments where plants were started from seed, there were numerous significant interactions between levels of light, nutrients or moisture with competition in both species. In the double-factor experiment, however, there were no statistically significant interactions between light, nutrients and competition in the perennial started from rootstocks, but all possible interactions were significant in the early successional annual. The result of a large, underground reserve in the perennial was that the effects of resource availabilities of light and nutrients were uncoupled. The competitive superiority of the early successional species over the later successional species was greatly diminished when the later successional species was started from rootstocks instead of from seeds. Regardless of whether individuals of P. virginianum were started from seed or from rootstocks the results of competition between the two species indicate that the early successional species is competitively more competent when resources are abundant and that the later successional species is competitively more competent when resources are scarce.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379719
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pollination niche separation in a winter annual community (1978)
    Springer
    Oecologia 35 (1978), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Differences in major selective forces important in early and late successional communities should influence niche breadth and degree of overlap. Early successional species may not experience consistent, strong selection against competition and can be expected to have broader niches with more overlap than later successional species. This paper presents data from 2 early successional winter annuals that show clear niche separation under conditions in which coevolution is unlikely. Lactuca scariola L. and Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. flower in mid-summer and attract the same insect visitors. Erigeron, the more common species, begins to flower in mid-morning when insect visitors are quite active. Lactuca flowers open earlier in the morning and close just before Erigeron flowers open. The early morning hours are not optimum for Lactuca visitation, as most of the visits occur just before floral closing. Both species can selffertilize without a vector, and Lactuca was introduced from Europe. It is, therefore, not possible that niche separation inflowering time and subsequent time of visit in Erigeron and Lactuca is a result of coevolutionary niche differentiation between the two species. This separation is likely to be a preadaptation resulting from coevolution with other species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00344726
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