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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stable resistance in barley to Pyrenophora teres f. teres isolates from the Nordic-Baltic region after increase on standard host genotypes (2000)
    Springer
    Euphytica 113 (2000), S. 71-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; net blotch ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Results from tests of a mixture of Finnish net blotch, Pyrenophora teres Drechs. f. teres Smedeg., isolates on a differential series of barley seedlings, comprising 17genotypes, indicated that patterns of infection response (IR)and percentage leaf area damaged (PLAD) were unaffected by differences in seedling size. Variation of the concentration of inoculum between 1,250 conidia ml-1 and 20,000 conidia ml-1 produced similar patterns of IR and PLAD on the differential series. IR and PLAD scored on the second seedling leaf differentiated resistance to P. teres f. teresamong the genotypes better than on the first seedling leaf. Ina second experiment, 120 single-spore P. teres f. teres isolates from Finland, Sweden, Norway, Latvia, Estonia and Ireland were used in tests conducted in the greenhouse to differentiate them in terms of virulence reaction on seedlings of six differential barley genotypes. Each isolate was tested directly following isolation from the leaf material and after having passaged each through barley cvs. Arve or Pohto, to produce 360 isolates in total. Virulence of the isolates differed significantly on the members of the differential series, but differences associated with country of origin and passaging, and interactions, were small. It is concluded that little variation between virulence of P. teres f. teres isolates is evident over a large geographic area, incorporating Nordic and Baltic countries, and Ireland. Barley genotype response to P. teres f. teres appeared to be of more significance than relative virulence of the pathogen isolates. This could simplify breeding barley for improved resistance to this phytopathogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003912825455
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ozone tolerance and antioxidant enzyme activity in soybean cultivars (2000)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 64 (2000), S. 15-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: ascorbate peroxidase ; glutathione reductase ; oxidative stress ; ozone tolerance ; superoxide dismutase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The current study confirmed earlier conclusions regarding differential ozone (O3) tolerances of two soybean cultivars, Essex and Forrest, and evaluated antioxidant enzyme activities of these two varieties based on their performance under environmentally relevant, elevated O3 conditions. The experiment was conducted in open-top chambers in the field during the 1994 and 1995 growing seasons. Exposure of plants to moderately high O3 levels (62.9 nl l−1 air, 2-year seasonal average) caused chlorophyll loss and increased membrane permeability when compared to control plants grown in charcoal filtered air (24.2 nl l−1 air). The other effects of O3 treatment were decrease in seed yield, loss of total sulfhydryl groups, reduction of soluble protein content, and increase in guaiacol peroxidase activity in leaves of both cultivars. The O3-induced increase in guaiacol peroxidase activity was much smaller in cv. Essex leaflets. Cv. Essex had less leaf oxidative damage and smaller reduction in seed yield than cv. Forrest under elevated O3 conditions. During ozonation, mature leaflets of the more O3 tolerant cv. Essex had higher levels of glutathione reductase (30%), ascorbate peroxidase (13%), and superoxide dismutase (45%) activity than did mature leaflets of cv. Forrest. Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, which represented 95% of total superoxide dismutase activity in the two cultivars, appeared to be increased by O3 exposure in the leaflets of O3 tolerant cv. Essex but not in those of cv. Forrest. Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase activity was also higher in leaflets of cv. Essex than in cv. Forrest regardless of O3 level. Stromal ascorbate peroxidase and Mn-superoxide dismutase activity did not appear to be involved in the O3 tolerance of the two soybean cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026500911237
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residual stress prediction and determination in 7010 aluminum alloy forgings (2000)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 40 (2000), S. 75-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Keywords: residual stress ; aluminum alloy ; forging ; solution heat treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Precipitation-hardened aluminum alloys gain their high strength through heat treatment involving a severe quenching operation, which can have the adverse effect of introducing residual stresses. The finite element code ABAQUS is used to simulate the quenching of aluminum alloy 7010 in an attempt to predict the residual stress distribution that develops in simple shapes. The rate of heat transfer from the material is determined using the finite element method to predict the heat transfer coefficient from surface cooling curves achieved experimentally. The flow stress of the material is assumed to be strain rate dependent and to behave in a perfectly plastic manner. The predicted residual stress magnitudes and directions are compared to values determined using the holedrilling strain gage method and the X-ray diffraction technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02327551
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