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  • extinguishment  (2)
  • Springer  (2)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • 1985-1989  (2)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (2)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Years
  • 1985-1989  (2)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flame extinguishment properties of dry chemicals: Extinction concentrations for small diffusion pan fires (1989)
    Springer
    Fire technology 25 (1989), S. 134-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: Flame ; extinguishment ; extinction ; diffusion flames ; dry chemicals ; hydrocarbon-air
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract An extensive experimental study has been made of the extinguishment of a smalln-heptane diffusion flame (14.7 cm diameter pan) by five common dry-chemical powders—potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, and Monnex. The fire extinguishing effectiveness (reciprocal of the observed minimum extinction concentration) of each dry-chemical substance, other than that due to chemical specificity, is fully explained on the basis of particle size and distribution. Literature correlations between effectiveness and particle surface area appear to be incidental and stem from the inherent relationship between particle size and surface area. An important finding of the study is a discontinuity in the extinguishing effectiveness of a powder as a function of particle size. This occurs for each substance at a unique particle diameter above which there is a dramatic five-to eight-fold decrease in effectiveness. For a given substance, all powders with particle sizes below the limiting value exhibit the same maximum effectiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01041422
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for flame extinguishment by thermal mechanisms (1989)
    Springer
    Fire technology 25 (1989), S. 195-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: physical ; thermal ; mechanisms ; flame ; fire ; extinguishment ; hydrocarbonair
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents an analysis of experimental flame and detonation extinguishment data published by a number of authors, including those in a companion paper. The maximum effectiveness observed for each of five common dry chemicals at small particle diameters is shown to be related to heat extraction from the flame by active endothermic sinks—heat capacity, fusion, vaporization, and decomposition. Larger particles are more stable in the flame and the reduced level of effectiveness observed is due principally to the only active sink—heat capacity. Evidence is presented to support two propositions: first, that the strong chemical inhibiting effects exhibited by many substances in flame velocity studies are effectively confined to low-concentration regimes; and second, that regardless of chemical effects, diffusion flames of the type studied are largely extinguished by thermal or heat extraction mechanisms at extinguishant concentrations that are quantitatively predicted by a simple heat balance and a predictable limit temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039778
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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