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  • embryo culture  (2)
  • extinguishment  (2)
  • Springer  (4)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • 1985-1989  (4)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (4)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Years
  • 1985-1989  (4)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flame extinguishment properties of dry chemicals: Extinction concentrations for small diffusion pan fires (1989)
    Springer
    Fire technology 25 (1989), S. 134-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: Flame ; extinguishment ; extinction ; diffusion flames ; dry chemicals ; hydrocarbon-air
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract An extensive experimental study has been made of the extinguishment of a smalln-heptane diffusion flame (14.7 cm diameter pan) by five common dry-chemical powders—potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, and Monnex. The fire extinguishing effectiveness (reciprocal of the observed minimum extinction concentration) of each dry-chemical substance, other than that due to chemical specificity, is fully explained on the basis of particle size and distribution. Literature correlations between effectiveness and particle surface area appear to be incidental and stem from the inherent relationship between particle size and surface area. An important finding of the study is a discontinuity in the extinguishing effectiveness of a powder as a function of particle size. This occurs for each substance at a unique particle diameter above which there is a dramatic five-to eight-fold decrease in effectiveness. For a given substance, all powders with particle sizes below the limiting value exhibit the same maximum effectiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01041422
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for flame extinguishment by thermal mechanisms (1989)
    Springer
    Fire technology 25 (1989), S. 195-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: physical ; thermal ; mechanisms ; flame ; fire ; extinguishment ; hydrocarbonair
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents an analysis of experimental flame and detonation extinguishment data published by a number of authors, including those in a companion paper. The maximum effectiveness observed for each of five common dry chemicals at small particle diameters is shown to be related to heat extraction from the flame by active endothermic sinks—heat capacity, fusion, vaporization, and decomposition. Larger particles are more stable in the flame and the reduced level of effectiveness observed is due principally to the only active sink—heat capacity. Evidence is presented to support two propositions: first, that the strong chemical inhibiting effects exhibited by many substances in flame velocity studies are effectively confined to low-concentration regimes; and second, that regardless of chemical effects, diffusion flames of the type studied are largely extinguished by thermal or heat extraction mechanisms at extinguishant concentrations that are quantitatively predicted by a simple heat balance and a predictable limit temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039778
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Translation efficiency of Lea mRNAs in cotton embryos: minor changes during embryogenesis and germination (1987)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 9 (1987), S. 301-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Gossypium hirsutum ; embryo culture ; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ; alloallele expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In earlier studies, only two major patterns of transcript accumulation were seen for 18 late embryogenesis abundant (Lea) gene families in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) during embryogenesis and early germination. Each of these gene families probably comprises two active alloalleles. The two polypeptides encoded by seven of the Lea families can be distinguished, and analysis of their translation in vitro indicated that regulation of the homeologous transcript abundance was similar in each. In the present study, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of polypeptides synthesized in excised embryos was employed to determine if LEA polypeptide synthesis is regulated at the translational level. The relative in vivo synthesis rate of each of the two polypeptides of 7 Lea families was compared with the relative concentration of their transcripts measured earlier by in vitro translation. For 4 families, the relative translational efficiencies of the homeologous mRNAs do not change during embryogenesis. However, there are changes of 1.5–3-fold in the other 3 families. The translation efficiencies of all transcripts of 9 of the Lea family mRNAs in vivo can be calculated from the fraction of total protein radioactivity incorporated in each LEA polypeptide family and the fractional abundance of Lea family transcripts measured by RNA dot hybridization. Lea mRNAs are found to be translated at near average rates throughout embryogenesis and early germination. These observations suggest that regulation of Lea gene expression at the translational level is minor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014905
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abscisic acid induction of cloned cotton late embryogenesis-abundant (Lea) mRNAs (1986)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 7 (1986), S. 155-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: embryo maturation ; cDNA cloning ; Gossypium hirsutum ; hybrid-arrest translation ; abscisic acid ; embryo culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Earlier studies found that cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cotyledons contain several mRNAs which are more abundant during late embryogenesis than in mid-embryogenesis or early germination. They are here termed ‘Late embryogenesis-abundant’ mRNAs, encoded by Lea loci. Complementary DNA clones for 18 such mRNA sequences, defined at a hybridization criterion of Tm-15°C, were identified in a mature embryo cDNA library by differential cDNA hybridization. At a lower hybridization criterion, some sequence homology was found within several of these cloned Lea mRNA sequences. Each Lea mRNA sequence comprises 0.04–1.3% of mature embryo poly(A)+ mRNA, a level ten-fold to several hundred-fold higher than in young embryo or 24 h seedling poly(A)+ mRNA. Of 18 Lea mRNA sequences examined in cultured young embryos, the level of at least 13 are specifically increased by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), several to a level near that in normal mature embryos. However, the abundance of several of the sequences does not appear to be significantly modulated by ABA. The LEA polypeptides encoded by 10 Lea mRNA sequences were identified by hybrid-arrested translation. They include most of the late embryogenesis-abundant, ABA-inducible, polypeptides previously identified. Preliminary results suggest that many of the individual Lea mRNA sequences are transcribed from 1–3 genes in each of cotton's two subgenomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021327
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