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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation Sterilization of Formoterol (1997)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 14 (1997), S. 810-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: formoterol ; radiation treatment ; ESR spectroscopy ; dosimetry ; storage ; HPLC ; degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. Radiation sterilization is becoming increasingly popular for the sterilization of many pharmaceutical products. We have investigated the gamma radiation induced effects on formoterol fumarate by HPLC and ESR spectroscopy. Results and Discussion. Numerical simulation of the evolution of the ESR signal versus dose was performed using linear regression, quadratic fit and power function. The shape of the dosimetric curve is linear in the range 5−30 kGy. Owing to the weak number of free radicals generated during the irradiation, the accuracy of measurements is low. For a dose of 25 kGy, discriminating irradiated from unirradiated samples is possible if the storage period is less than 250 days. The comparison between chromatographic profiles of irradiated and unirradiated samples showed minor differences. Conclusions. From our preliminary results, radiosterilization of formoterol fumarate may be technically feasible. Estimation of the irradiation dose by ESR may be possible but, due to the weak number of free radicals generated during the irradiation, the accuracy of measurements appeared low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012119026422
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESR Dosimetry of Irradiated Ascorbic Acid (1997)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 14 (1997), S. 1186-1191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: radiosterilization ; ascorbic acid ; ESR ; dosimetry ; decay of radicals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. As an alternative to heat and gas exposure sterilization, ionizing radiation is gaining interest as a sterilization process for medicinal products. The aim of this work was to develop equations to describe the ESR curves versus dose and storage time after gamma irradiation of ascorbic acid. Several ESR data sets previously acquired in this laboratory were adopted to check the performance of the models. Results. Limit of detection and limit of discrimination are respectively 0.5 kGy and 2 kGy for ascorbic acid. Linear regression is applicable for doses lower than 25 kGy. Since the radiation dose selected must always be based upon the bioburden of the products and the Degree of Sterility required (ANSI/AAMI/ISO 11137), doses in the range 5−25 kGy could be investigated and linear regression would appear to be the least expensive route to follow and gives good results. Quadratic fit, power function, exponential function and bi-exponential functions are of more general applicability to predict irradiation dose. Decay kinetics for radicals versus storage were considered. Nonhomogeneous kinetics with time-dependent rate (diffusion-controlled second-order reaction) and bi-exponential function appeared valid to reproduce the experimental data. Discrimination between irradiated and unirradiated ascorbic acid is possible after a storage of 800 days. Conclusions. It is worth noting that, at present, ESR is the only technique which proves to be suitable for identification and quantification purposes in irradiated pharmaceuticals. Moreover, other features such as sensitivity, precision, ease and non-destructive readout make ESR superior to other proposed analytical techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012102806800
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation Effects on Dopamine and Norepinephrine (1997)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 14 (1997), S. 1192-1196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: dopamine ; norepinephrine ; radiation treatment ; ESR spectroscopy ; dosimetry ; storage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. Radiation sterilization is becoming increasingly popular for the sterilization of many pharmaceutical products. We have investigated the gamma radiation induced effects on dopamine and norepineprine by ESR spectroscopy. Results and Discussion. Equations to describe the evolution of the ESR curves versus doses and time of storage are presented. Linear regression is, for dopamine hydrochloride, applicable for doses ranging from 10 to 25 kGy. Since the radiation dose selected must always be based upon the bioburden of the products and the degree of sterility required, doses in the range 10−25 kGy could be investigated and linear regression would appear to be the least expensive route to follow and gives good results. The comportment of noradrenaline bitartrate is more complex and the use of linear regression would appear more hazardous especially for low doses. For doses higher than 25 kGy, a more general equation is required. Power function using only 2 parameters could give good results but must be validated. Decay kinetics for radicals versus storage were considered. Non-homogenous kinetics with time dependent rate constant and bi-exponential function appeared valid to reproduce the decay of radicals for, respectively, dopamine and norepinephrine. Conclusions. It is worth noting that, at present, ESR is the only technique which proved to be suitable for identification and quantification purposes in irradiated pharmaceuticals. Moreover, other features such as sensitivity, precision, ease and non-destructive readout make ESR superior to other proposed analytical techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012154823638
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of QTLs for crossability in wheat using a doubled-haploid population (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 1076-1082 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key word Crossability ; Wheat ; Rye ; Molecular markers ; QTL ; Kr genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  An intervarietal molecular-marker map was used for the detection of genomic regions influencing crossability between wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) and rye (Secale cereale L.). Analysis of deviance and logistic marker-regression methods were conducted on data from doubled haploid lines from a cross between “Courtot” and “Chinese Spring”. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) involved in crossability, associated with the marker Xfba367-5B, was detected on the short arm of chromosome 5B. An additional locus, Xwg583-5B, was indicated on the long arm of chromosome 5B. This minor QTL might correspond to Kr1 which was presumed to be the major gene controlling crossability. Another locus of the genome, Xtam51-7A on chromosome 7A, was significantly associated with this trait. Alleles of “non-crossability” were contributed by the non-crossable cultivar “Courtot”. The three-marker model explains 65% of the difference in crossability between the two parents. The present results are discussed in relation to those previously carried out to locate the Kr genes by using the telocentric mapping technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050994
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of water-extractable arabinoxylans in bread wheat endosperm (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 1069-1075 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Arabinoxylan ; Pentosan ; Viscosity ; QTL ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Two mapping populations were used for the analysis of the water-extractable arabinoxylans. One originated from a cross between the hexaploid cultivars ‘Courtot’ and ‘Chinese Spring’ and the other from a cross between an amphiploid (Synthetic) and cv ‘Opata’. Arabinose (Ara), and xylose (Xyl) contents were quantified for the 91 and 76 lines obtained from the two crosses, respectively. Relative viscosity (ηrel) of the wheat flour aqueous extract was evaluated by capillary viscometry. Both crosses gave similar correlation coefficients between sugar contents and relative viscosity. There were strong positive relationships between arabinose, xylose and arabinoxylan contents. The relative viscosity was strongly and positively related to the arabinoxylan content and strongly and negatively related to the Ara/Xyl ratio (arabinose content to xylose content). For one of the two crosses two measurements of relative viscosity were generated from 2 years of consecutive harvesting. As a strong correlation was observed between these two measurements, an important genotypic effect can be deduced for the relative viscosity of water-extractable arabinoxylans. QTL (quantitative trait locus) research did not reveal any chromosomal segments that were strongly implicated in variations in sugar content. However, a QTL was found for relative viscosity values and the Ara/Xyl ratio on the long arm of the 1B chromosome for the two crosses considered. This QTL explained 32–37% of the variations in relative viscosity and 35–42% of the variations in the Ara/Xyl ratio. Genes located at this QTL controlled relative viscosity through modifying the Ara/Xyl ratio. Variations in the Ara/Xyl ratio were supposedly related to differences in the molecular structure of water-extractable arabinoxylans. Minor QTLs were also obtained for relative viscosity and Ara/Xyl ratio, but the chromosomes concerned were different for the two populations evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050993
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage between RFLP markers and genes affecting kernel hardness in wheat (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 580-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Kernel hardness ; Wheat ; RFLP ; QTL ; Puroindoline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A molecular-marker linkage map of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) provides a powerful tool for identifying genomic regions influencing breadmaking quality. A variance analysis for kernel hardness was conducted using 114 recombinant inbred lines (F7) from a cross between a synthetic and a cultivated wheat. The major gene involved in kernel hardness, ha (hard), known to be on chromosome arm 5DS, was found to be closely linked with the locus Xmta9 corresponding to the gene of puroindoline-a. This locus explained around 63% of the phenotypic variability but there was no evidence that puroindoline-a is the product of Ha (soft). Four additional regions located on chromosomes 2A, 2D, 5B, and 6D were shown to have single-factor effects on hardness, while three others situated on chromosomes 5A, 6D and 7A had interaction effects. Positive alleles were contributed by both parents. A three-marker model explains about 75% of the variation for this trait.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417951
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular markers linked to genes affecting plant height in wheat using a doubled-haploid population (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 933-940 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Plant height ; Molecular markers ; QTL ; Wheat ; Doubled-haploid lines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Plant height in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) is known to be under polygenic control. Crosses involving genes Rht-B1 and Rht-D1, located on chromosomes 4BS and 4DS, respectively, have shown that these genes have major effects. Two RFLP loci were found to be linked to these two genes (Xfba1-4B with Rht-B1 and Xfba211-4D with Rht-D1) by genotyping a population of F1-derived doubled-haploid lines [‘Courtot’ (Rht-B1b+Rht-D1b)בChinese Spring’]. Using a well-covered molecular marker map, we detected three additional regions and one interaction influencing plant height. These regions, located on chromosome arms 4BS (near the locus Xglk556-4B), 7AL (near the locus Xglk478-7A) and 7BL (near the locus XksuD2-7B) explained between 5% and 20% of the variability for this trait in this cross. The influence of 2 loci from chromosome 4B (Xfba1-4B and Xglk556-4B) suggests that there could be a duplication of Rht-B1 on this chromosome originating from Cv ‘Courtot’. Moreover, an interaction effect between loci from chromosome arms 1AS (near the locus Xfba393-1A) and 1BL (near the locus Xcdo1188-1B) was comparable to or even higher than those of the Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b alleles. A model including the main effects of the loci from chromosomes 4B and 4D (Xfba1-4B, Xglk556-4B and Xfba211-4D) and the interaction effect between Xfba393-1A and Xcdo1188-1B is proposed, which explains about 50% of the variation in plant height. The present results are discussed in relation to those obtained using nullisomic or substitution lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050823
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage between RFLP markers and genes affecting kernel hardness in wheat (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 580-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Kernel hardness ; Wheat ; RFLP ; QTL ; Puroindoline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A molecular-marker linkage map of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) provides a powerful tool for identifying genomic regions influencing breadmaking quality. A variance analysis for kernel hardness was conducted using 114 recombinant inbred lines (F7) from a cross between a synthetic and a cultivated wheat. The major gene involved in kernel hardness, ha (hard), known to be on chromosome arm 5DS, was found to be closely linked with the locus Xmta9 corresponding to the gene of puroindoline-a. This locus explained around 63% of the phenotypic variability but there was no evidence that puroindoline-a is the product of Ha (soft). Four additional regions located on chromosomes 2A, 2D, 5B, and 6D were shown to have single-factor effects on hardness, while three others situated on chromosomes 5A, 6D and 7A had interaction effects. Positive alleles were contributed by both parents. A three-marker model explains about 75% of the variation for this trait.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050318
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