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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The management of high seas fisheries (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 94 (2000), S. 183-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Schlagwort(e): fisheries management ; game theory ; Norwegian spring‐spawning herring ; straddling and highly migratory stocks ; United Nations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The intergovernmental United Nations Conference on Highly Migratory and Straddling Stocks, initiated in 1993 and finished in 1995, addressed the conservation and management of fishery resources located both within the coastal state 200 mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and the adjacent high seas. These types of marine resources continue to be a source for international conflicts and debates. The original United Nations Law of the Sea of 1982 failed to address transboundary fisheries in a proper way. In particular, the agreement did not recognize the emergence of the complicated “straddling stock” issue. In the new United Nations Law of the Sea agreement of 1995, a consensus was reached that the management of the straddling and highly migratory fish stocks should be carried out through regional fisheries management organizations. We present a review of the straddling stock issues in the international agreement emerging from the negotiations within the United Nations. The review is contrasted with and clarified by game theoretic analyses. We also discuss one international fishery exemplifying the case, the Norwegian spring‐spawning herring. The main conclusion is that the local problems, faced during the stage of setting up regional fisheries organizations for the management of straddling and highly migratory fish stocks, are expected to be much more complicated and difficult to solve as compared to the cases of “shared fish stocks”. In the current paper, we present two reasons for this increased complexity. The first is the larger number of players as compared to the case of “shared fish stocks” and the second is the possibility of new members entering the regional fisheries organizations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018925302021
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evolutionarily stable dispersal of a waterstrider in a temporally and spatially heterogeneous environment (1989)
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 3 (1989), S. 283-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Schlagwort(e): Evolutionarily stable strategy ; risk-spreading ; dispersal behavior ; flight muscle histolysis ; waterstrider
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Evolutionary stable dispersal and wing muscle histolysis strategies are studied in the waterstriderGerris thoracicus. These strategies relate to spreading reproductive risk. Overwintering individuals have the choice of dispersing to either a brackish sea bay or a rock pool habitat. The former is reproductively more favorable than the latter during warm dry years and less favorable during cool wet years. After spring migration, individuals may histolyse their flight muscles and lay all their eggs in one pool or they may retain their flight ability and lay fewer eggs in total but spread them in several pools. We use a simple two-habitat model to examine the question of habitat dispersal. Our results indicate that, although the value of the evolutionary stable dispersal depends on the degree of variability in the environment and on the probability of local extinctions in either habitat, the population always disperses to both habitats as a consequence of density dependent growth. We use a more detailed multiple-rockpool habitat model to examine the question of wing muscle histolysis as a response to density dependence. Our results indicate that a wing muscle histolysis response to population density is an evolutionarily stable strategy when compared with the two alternatives of females always histolysing or never histolysing their flight muscles. The application of evolutionarily stable theory to stochastic problems presents a number of difficulties. We discuss these difficulties in the context of computing evolutionarily stable strategies for the problems at hand.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02285260
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transboundary air pollution and soil acidification: A dynamic analysis of an acid rain game between Finland and the USSR (1992)
    Springer
    Environmental and resource economics 2 (1992), S. 161-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1502
    Schlagwort(e): Pollution contron ; acidification ; acid rain game ; transboundary air pollution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Transboundary air pollution is analysed as a dynamic game between Finland and the nearby areas of the Soviet Union. Sulphur emissions are used as the environmental control variables and the acidities of the soils as the state variables. Acidification is consequently considered to be a stock pollutant having long-lasting harmful effects on the environment. The state dynamics consist of two relationships: first, of a sulphur transportation model between the regions and, second, of a model describing how the quality of the soil is affected by sulphur deposition. The countries are assumed to be interested in maximizing the net benefits from pollution control as measured by the impacts on the values of forest growth net of the abatement costs. Cooperative and noncooperative solutions of the game are compared to assess the benefits of bilateral cooperation. Using empirical estimates of abatement costs, acidification dynamics and impacts on forest growth it is shown that cooperation is beneficial to Finland but not to the Soviet Union. Consequently, Finland has to offer monetary compensation to induce her neighbor to invest in environmental protection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338241
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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