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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Denitrification in lucerne nodules is not involved in nitrite detoxification (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 182 (1996), S. 149-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: denitrification ; lucerne ; Medicago sativa ; nitrite detoxification ; Rhizobium meliloti
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Dissimilatory reduction of ionic nitrogen oxides to gaseous forms such as nitrous oxide or nitrogen can be carried out by free living or symbiotic forms of some strains of Rhizobium meliloti. In this paper we investigate whether bacteroid denitrification plays a role in the alleviation of the inhibitory effects of nitrate on nitrogen fixation both in bacteroid incubations as in whole nodules. The presence of a constitutive nitrate reductase (NR) activity in isolated bacteroids caused nitrite accumulation in the incubation medium, and acetylene reduction activity in these bacteroids was progressively inhibited, since nitrite reductase (NiR) activity was unable to reduce all the nitrite produced by NR and denitrification occurred slowly. Even nodules infiltrated with nitrate and nitrite failed to increase gaseous forms of nitrogen substantially, indicating that nitrite availability was not limiting denitrification by bacteroids. In spite of the low rates of bacteroidal denitrification, the effect of nodule denitrification on the inhibition of nitrogen fixation by nitrate in whole plants was tested. For that purpose, lucerne plants (Medicago sativa L. cv. Aragon) were inoculated with two Rhizobium meliloti strains: 102-F-65 (non denitrifying) and 102-F-51 (a highly denitrifying strain). After a seven days nitrate treatment, both strains showed the same pattern of inhibition, and it occurred before any nitrate or nitrite accumulation within the nodules could be detected. This observation, together with the lack of alleviation of the ARA inhibition in the denitrifying strain, and the limited activity of dissimilatory nitrogen reduction present in these bacteroids, indicate a role other than nitrite detoxification for denitrification in nodules under natural conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011003
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen losses by denitrification and leaching in grassland (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 43 (1995), S. 197-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: denitrification ; grassland ; nitrate leaching ; slurry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In this study nitrogen losses by denitrification and leaching have been quantified in a natural grassland, comparing the losses produced by a mineral fertilization (calcium ammonium nitrate) and an organic fertilization (cow slurry). It has been stated that in the edafoclimatic conditions of the Basque Country denitrification losses are more important than those produced by leaching, spring and autumn being the seasons with a greater risk of losses. These losses are great and immediately occurring after mineral fertilization and small but distributed along the time when organic fertilization is applied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00747702
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Denitrifying ability of thirteen Rhizobium meliloti strains (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 149 (1993), S. 43-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: denitrification ; nitrate ; nitrate reductase ; nitrite ; nitrite reductase ; nitrous oxide evolution ; Rhizobium meliloti
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The denitrifying ability of thirteen strains of Rhizobium meliloti was tested. Most of the strains were able to reduce nitrate to nitrous oxide or dinitrogen. However, they failed to use nitrate as electron acceptor for ATP generation or growth at low oxygen tensions. Under micro-aerobic conditions, free-living cells of R. meliloti 102-F-51 strain exhibited a constitutive nitrate reductase activity independent of the presence of nitrate. On the other hand, nitrite reductase activity was dependent not only on low levels of oxygen but also on the presence of a high nitrate concentration in the medium. Denitrification activity proceeded immediately once a threshold level of nitrite was accumulated in the medium or in cells incubated with 1mM nitrite. However, a lag period was required when cells were incubated with nitrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010761
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The contribution of Rhizobium meliloti to soil denitrification (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 157 (1993), S. 207-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: anaerobic soil ; denitrification ; nitrous oxide ; respiration ; Rhizobium meliloti
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The ability of Rhizobium meliloti cells to denitrify in soils under several conditions was tested. All the strains tested were able to remove large amounts of N-NO3 - from soils. Both water filled pore space above 36% and temperatures above 20°C greatly increased nitrogen losses. However, even with optimal conditions for denitrification and the highest rhizobial populations found in agricultural soils, the contribution of Rhizobium to the total denitrification was virtually negligible as compared to other soil microorganisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011049
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Denitrification losses from a natural grassland in the Basque Country under organic and inorganic fertilization (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 162 (1994), S. 19-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: acetylene-inhibition ; calcium ammonium nitrate ; cow-slurry ; denitrification ; natural prairie ; nitrogen losses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Denitrification losses from a poorly drained clayey loamy soil under natural pasture were measured over a two-year period using the acetylene inhibition technique. Plots received two different applications of fertilizer as calcium ammonium nitrate or cow slurry (a total of 145–290 kg N ha−1 in 1991 and 120–240 kg in 1992). In the first year, N losses in the mineral treatments were about 4 times greater than losses in the slurry treatments. In the second year losses in the slurry treatments increased in such a way that losses in the higher slurry application became similar to those for the two mineral treatments. Soil nitrate was the factor producing differences between treatments. In this way, N mineralization in periods between fertilizations coinciding with high soil water contents was responsible in the second year for the increase in N losses in the slurry treatments. Denitrification rates greater than 0.1 kg N ha−1 day−1 occurred at soil water contents 〉 33 % (air filled porosity 〈 26 %) and soil nitrate contents 〉 1 mg N kg−1 dry soil. Spring and autumn were the seasons of highest risk of denitrification because of N fertilizations coinciding with periods of soil saturation with water. Winter losses were low, but this is a period when there is a risk of denitrification in wetter seasons, particularly for a slurry application management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01416086
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