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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics and harvesting of semelparous species with phenotypic and genotypic variability in reproductive age (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 33 (1995), S. 521-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Population dynamics modeling ; Evolutionarily stable strategies ; Polymorphic life histories ; Age-at-maturity ; Harvesting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We study the evolution of polymorphic life histories in anadromous semelparous salmon and the effects of harvesting. We derive dynamic phenotypic and genetic ESS models for describing the evolutionary dynamics. We show in our deterministic analysis that polymorphisms are not possible in a panmictic random mating population. Instead, genetic or behavioral polymorphisms may be observed in populations with assortative mating systems. Positive assortative mating may be supported and generated by behavioral and phenotypic traits like male mate choice, spawning ground selection by phenotype, or within-river homing-migration-distance by size. In the case of an evolutionarily stable dimorphism, the ESS is characterized by a reproductive ideal free distribution such that at an equilibrium the individuals are indifferent from the fitness point of view between the two life histories of early and late reproduction. Different strategy models - that is, phenotypic and genetic ESS models - yield identical behavioral predictions and, consequently, genetics does not seem to play an important role in the present model. An evolutionary response to increased fishing mortality is obvious and may have resource management implications. High sea fishing mortalities drive the populations toward early spawning. Thus it is possible that unselective harvesting at sea may eliminate, depending on the biological system, behavioral polymorphisms or genetic heterozygozity and drive the population to a monomorphic one. If within-river homing migration distances depend on the size of fish, unselective harvesting at sea, or selective harvesting of spawning runs in rivers, may reduce local population sizes on spawning grounds high up rivers. Finally, harvesting in a population may cause a switch in a dominant life-history strategy in a population so that anticipated sustainable yields cannot be realized in practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163041
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transgenic analysis of the 5′- and 3′-flanking regions of the NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase gene from Cucumis sativus L. (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 28 (1995), S. 821-836 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cucumber ; light-regulated gene expression ; NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase ; organ-specific gene expression ; peroxisome ; photorespiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The 5′- and 3′-flanking regions of HPRA, a cucumber gene that encodes hydroxypyruvate reductase, were evaluated for regulatory activity with respect to light responsiveness and organ specificity. To define the functional regions of the 5′-flanking region of HPRA, a series of deletions was generated and the remaining portions fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene (uidA) containing a minimal 35S promoter truncated at −90. The region from −66 to +39 was found to be necessary for light-regulated expression of the uidA reporter gene, while the region from −382 to −67 was found to be necessary for its leaf-specific expression. Further deletion of the HPRA 5′ flanking region to −590 resulted in high levels of root expression, suggesting the presence of a negative regulatory element responsible for silencing root expression of the HPRA gene between −590 and −383. The 3′-flanking region of the HPRA gene downstream of the polyadenylation site contains several sequence motifs resembling regulatory elements present in the promoters of several light-responsive genes. An 823 bp portion of the HPRA 3′-flanking region containing these putative regulatory elements enhanced GUS expression in leaves when placed downstream of the uidA reporter gene in the forward orientation, but not in the reverse orientation. When placed 5′ of the −90 35S promoter, the 823 bp fragment enhanced slightly, independently of orientation, the root tip-specific expression pattern intrinsic to the −90 35S promoter, indicating that in some cases this region can act as a transcriptional enhancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042068
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light-stimulated accumulation of the peroxisomal enzymes hydroxypyruvate reductase and serine:glyoxylate aminotransferase and their translatable mRNAs in cotyledons of cucumber seedlings (1987)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 9 (1987), S. 259-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cucumber ; gene expression ; hydroxypyruvate reductase ; light regulation ; peroxisomal enzymes ; serine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The development of peroxisomal enzymes in cotyledons of cucumber seedlings is strongly dependent on light. In light-grown seedlings, activities of two peroxisomal enzymes, hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR) and serine: glyoxylate aminotransferase (SGAT), were barely detectable until three days postimbibition, after which time both activities increased rapidly and linearly for at least three days. In the dark, the activities of these enzymes increased slightly over the same time period, but only to about 5% to 10% of 7-day light-induced levels. When 51/2-day dark-grown seedlings were transferred into white light, activities of HPR and SGAT began to increase after approximately 8 h. HPR protein was shown by an immunoprecipitation assay to increase concurrently with enzymatic activity in both light- and dark-grown cotyledons. Immunoblotting results suggested that the amounts of SGAT-A and SGAT-B, the two subunits of SGAT, also developed along with SGAT activity. The relative levels of translatable mRNAs encoding HPR, SGAT-A, and SGAT-B were also light-dependent, and increased with a developmental pattern similar to enzyme activity and protein levels in light- and dark-grown cotyledons. In 51/2-day dark-grown cotyledons that were transferred to the light, translatable mRNAs for SGAT-A and SGAT-B began to increase within 1 h of illumination and continued of increase rapidly and linearly for the next 24 h in the light to a new steady-state level that was 45 times that of dark controls. Translatable HPR mRNA exhibited a biphasic pattern of accumulation, with a three-fold increase during the first 6 h of illumination, followed by an additional six-fold increase between 8 and 24 h. The accumulation of translationally active mRNA for both enzymes preceded the accumulation of the corresponding protein and enzyme activity by about 8 h. Our data suggest that the rise in enzyme activity depends on an increase in translatable mRNA for these enzymes and is regulated at a pretranslational level, most likely involving transcription of new mRNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00166462
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of DNA-binding proteins with the 5′-flanking region of a cytokinin-responsive cucumber hydroxypyruvate reductase gene (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 38 (1998), S. 713-723 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cucumber ; cytokinin-responsive ; DNA-binding proteins ; hydroxypyruvate reductase ; transcription
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transcription of the cucumber hpr-A gene is responsive to cytokinin and light. To investigate the molecular basis for transcriptional regulation by cytokinin, we have identified DNA sequences and proteins that may be involved in the regulation of hpr-A gene expression. Transient expression assays in etiolated cucumber cotyledons indicate that the 315 bp fragment (−382 to −67) contains sequences necessary for cytokinin responsiveness of the luciferase reporter gene. Band shift assays detected cytokinin-enhanced and -reduced protein binding sites in a 97 bp fragment (−382 to −285) upstream of the hpr-A gene. DNase I footprinting identified two protein-protected sites, a 15 bp sequence, 5′-AAATGACGAAAATGC-3′, that contains an as-1 TGACG motif found in other plant promoters, and a 13 bp sequence, 5′-AAGATTGATTGAG-3′, of unknown function. Two-dimensional band shift analysis of the cytokinin-responsive DNA protein complex revealed the presence of six DNA protein interactions. Band shift assays showed that cytokinin and light have different effects on the interaction of nuclear proteins to the 97 bp fragment of the hpr-A gene. These data suggest that cytokinin and light do not share identical signal transduction pathways in regulating hpr-A gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006034932322
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