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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 3 (1991), S. 471-475 
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: amino acids ; kinetics ; epimers ; OPA ; postcolumn reaction detection ; fluorescence detection ; amino acid racemization ; dating methods ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of the reaction of the amino acid epimers L-isoleucine, D-alloisoleucine, L-threonine, and D-allo-threonine with o-phthaldialdehyde and mercaptoethanol were determined at 25°C. L-Isoleucine reacts faster than its D-epimer whereas L-threonine reacts slightly slower than its D-epimer. In the case of isoleucine, the consequence can be an allo/iso ratio which in the worst case is 25% too low if these amino acids are quantified by liquid chromatography and o-phthaldialdehyde fluorescence detection. The effect on dating of fossils by amino acid racemization is discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Gadolinium sesquihalide ; interstitial carbon units ; crystal structure ; electronic structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: [Gd4(C2)](Cl, I)6, ein interstitiell stabilisiertes, heteroleptisches Gadoliniumsesquihalogenid[Gd4(C2)](Cl, I)6 erhält man aus CsI, Gd, GdCl3 und C2I4 in verschweißten Niob-Ampullen bei 1000/800°C in Form von schwarzen, glänzenden Nadeln. Die Kristallstruktur (tetragonal; P4/mbm; Z = 2; a = 1347,5(1); c = 1212,5(1) pm) ist ähnlich wie jene von Na[Mo4]O6 bzw. [Sc4B]Cl6. Trans-kantenverknüpfte [Gd6]-Oktaeder verlaufen parallel [001]. Sie enthalten interstitielle C2-Einheiten, Jedes dritte Oktaeder enthält fehlgeordnete C2-Einheiten, senkrecht zu jenen in den benachbarten [Gd6(C2)]-Oktaedern. Diese sind daher entlang der (pseudo)-C4-Achse gestaucht. Rechnungen zur elektronischen Struktur zeigen, daß insgesamt 13 Elektronen zur Auffüllung aller Metall-Metall-bindenden Zustände für eine „leere“ [Gd4]Cl6-Struktur nötig wären. Die Einlagerung der C2-Dimeren verändert die Bindungsverhältnisse in [Gd4(C2)]X6 (X = Cl, I) erheblich. Die formale Ladung von -6 der C2-Einheit wird durch das Aufsplitten der πg-Zustände reduziert, Gd—Gd und Gd—C-bindende Zustände werden besetzt und bindende dx2-y2-Orbitale kombinieren zu den am niedrigsten liegenden nicht besetzten Zuständen.
    Notes: [Gd4(C2)](Cl, I)6 is obtained from CsI, Gd, GdCl3 and C2I4 in sealed niobium containers at 1000/800°C as black, shiny needles. The crystal structure (tetragonal, P4/mbm, Z = 2, a = 1347.5(1), c = 1212.5(1) pm) is similar to that of Na[Mo4]O6 and [Sc4B]Cl6. It may be regarded as being built from octahedra sharing common trans edges running in the [001] direction. The octahedra contain C2 units as interstitials. Every third octahedron contains a disordered C2 unit perpendicular to those in the two neighboring [Gd6(C2)] octahedra and is therefore compressed in the direction of the (pseudo) C4 axis. Calculations of the electronic structure of an “empty” [Gd4]Cl6 structure reveals a total of 13 electrons necessary to occupy all metal-metal bonding states. The incorporation of a carbon dimer substantially alters the bonding conditions for [Gd4(C2)]X6 (X = Cl, I). The formal charge of -6 of the C2 unit is significantly reduced as πg states split up, Gd—Gd and Gd—C bonding states are occupied and bonding dx2—y2 orbitals combine to form the lowest unoccupied energy states.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 596 (1991), S. 89-92 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Calcium oxychloride ; preparation ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: An Oxychloride of Calcium: Ca4OCl6Ca4OCl6 (hexagonal, P63mc, Z = 2), a = 905.8(3), c = 686.3(4) pm, (R = 0.031) crystallizes as colourless needles from reducing melts (CaCl2, Ca) that contain small amounts of „oxygen“. It contains „isolated“ tetrahedral units [Ca4O] and is isotypic with e.g., Ba4OCl6, Yb4OCl6 and K6HgS4. Ca4OCl6 does not form in the dehydration process of, for example, CaCl2 · 6 H2O.
    Notes: Ca4OCl6 (hexagonal, P63mc, Z = 2, a = 905.8(3)); c = 686.3(4) pm, (R = 0,031) kristallisiert in Form farbloser Nadeln aus „reduzierenden Schmelzen“ (CaCl2, Ca), die wenig „Sauerstoff“ enthalten. Es enthält „isolierte“ tetraedrische [Ca4O]-Einheiten und ist isotyp mit z. B. Ba4OCl6, Yb4OCl6 oder K6HgS4. Ca4OCl6 entsteht nicht beim Entwässern von z. B. CaCl2 · 6 H2O.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 102 (1921), S. 287-294 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular Biology 243 (1994), S. 683-695 
    ISSN: 0022-2836
    Keywords: Clostridium acidurici ; [4Fe-4S] cluster ; [abr] Av; Azotobacter vinelandii ; [abr] Cau; Clostridium acidurici ; [abr] Cp; Clostridium pasteurianum ; [abr] Fd; ferredoxin ; [abr] Pas; Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus ; [abr] rms; root-mean-square ; crystal structure ; electron transfer ; ferrodoxin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Antibiotics ; Sorangium cellulosum ; Macrolides ; Mass spectrometry ; X-ray structure analysis ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two novel metabolites, sorangiolide A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the mother liquors and side fractions of the sorangicin A pilot-scale production. Their structures were elucidated by 2D-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry as 18-membered macrolactones with a C11-carboxylic acid side chain. Sorangiolide B (2) differs from A (1) by an additional hydroxyl group at C-6 in the side chain. The absolute configuration of sorangiolide A (1) was established by X-ray structure analysis. The sorangiolides show a weak antibiotic activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Cinnamic acids ; Cyclophanes ; Topochemistry ; Cycloadditions ; Photochemistry ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pseudo-gem cinnamophane dicarboxylic acid 1 was shown to undergo a stereospecific [2 + 2] photocycloaddition in the solid state, generating the truxinic acid derivative 2 in 100% chemical yield; the reaction can proceed to completion because it is not an “independent site” solid state reaction. The X-ray structure of 1 reveals that its molecules are associated in dimers formed from four almost linear hydrogen bonds. A salient feature is the intramolecular centre-to-centre distance between the reacting double bonds of ≈3.37 Å, the smallest known to date. In contrast to trans-cinnamic acid, the topochemical [2 + 2] photocycloaddition occurs also in solution, with a quantitative chemical yield and a quantum yield of ≈0.55 (in methanol).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 335 (1993), S. 255-261 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Flue Dusts Containing Heavy Metal Ions and Chloride.I. Phase Analysis, Model Experiments for RecyclingFour flue dusts from a cement factory, an electric-furnace steelmaking plant and a municipal waste plant were analyzed by powder diffraction methods. Chloride combines above all with alkali ions or heavy metal ions, especially yielding PbCl2 and KPb2Cl5. The controlled sublimation of these chloride compounds in open crucibles was developed and optimized in our laboratory. Between 850°C and 1150°C and at reaction times from 30 min up to 12 h, the chloride content decreases to below 0.1 wt-%. The sublimed phase mainly consists of alkali and lead chloride. Zinc is found in the flue dust as oxide and is enriched during this process. Recent investigations with a small waelz kiln give analogous results. With our procedure, the manufacturer by himself is able to exploit flue dusts containing a large amount of heavy metal elements and chloride which cannot be deposited. The remaining product contains mainly zinc oxide which can be recycled in the zinc industry or returned to the production process. The sublimed chloride compounds may be recycled in the potash industry.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 2 (1990), S. 208-210 
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: enantioselectivity ; three-point model ; didactic model ; chiral separations ; ligand-exchange chromatography ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: If diastereomeric complexes are adsorbed on a surface or if they include a molecule of solvent, two points of attractive interaction between the chiral species of the complex can be sufficient for mutual chiral recognition of these species. In special cases even one single point of interaction is sufficient. This extension of the three-point contact rule of Dalgliesh, first observed in chiral ligand-exchange chromatogrphy, can be demonstrated by using hands.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: chiral HPLC ; Chiralpak AD ; amylose carbamate stationary phase ; antiestrogen ; breast cancer ; dichlorotriarylcyclopropane ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (Z)-1,1-Dichloro-2-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropane (5), a potential antitumor agent designed to treat breast cancer, was prepared in three steps. A stereospecific palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reaction which provided the intermediate (Z)-triaryl alkene 4 was a crucial step in the synthesis. Makosza phase transfer reaction on 4 gave the enantiomeric (Z)-dichlorocyclopropane derivatives 5 which were resolved by semipreparative HPLC on a chiral stationary phase consisting of amylose tris-3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate coated on silica gel. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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