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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 1150 (1993), S. 165-172 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Lipid monolayer ; Liquid-condensed state ; Liquid-expanded state ; Phase transition ; Surface pressure
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Chaparral ; Ceanothus thyrsiflorus ; Conductance ; Photosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Small shrubs ofCeanothus thyrsiflorus were grown in 19-1 pots irrigated under natural conditions in a chaparral region of Southern California and then subjected to soil drying. Characteristics of leaf gas exchange, leaf water potential, and concentrations of the stress hormone abscisic acid in the xylem sap, ABAxyl, were determined at various stages of drought. Diurnal changes in conductance were strongly correlated with leaf net photosynthesis rate, which provides an effective, integrative predictor of above-ground climate effects on conductance. In drought conditions, ABAxyl concentration increased. Increases in the concentration range of 50–500 nmol/l appeared to induce stomatal closure, restricting water loss and carbon dioxide uptake. When the momentary water potential is related to ABAxyl, ABA appeared to increase significantly only after a threshold of approximately −1.5 MPa was exceeded. At less negative water potentials, large variation in ABAxyl in the 50–1000 nmol/l range occurred for all water-potential values, because ABAxyl remains relatively constant over diurnal courses as water potentials decrease and then recover. When the water potential became more negative than −1.5 MPa, ABAxyl concentrations occurred between approximately 500 and 10 000 nmol/l and even greater in isolated cases. An approximately linear relationship is recognizable between ABAxyl and momentary water potential in this range because in plants under drought conditions, ABAxyl increases during the course of the day as water potential decreases. Increases in ABAxyl in the high concentration range were associated with relatively minor additional restrictions in gas exchange, but they might contribute to improved water use efficiency and explain diurnal changes in the potential for stomatal opening that have been observed in Mediterranean sclerophyllous species. When we examined long-term seasonal change in the response of irrigated plants, changes in average daily temperature greater than 10°C occurred (also associated with shifts in relative humidity and radiation input), which apparently led to small changes in predawn water potential in the −0.1 to −0.7 MPa range. Increases in ABAxyl occurred that were in turn negatively correlated with daily maximum leaf conductance. Thus, chaparral shrubs under non-drought conditions seem to sense even small changes in environmental conditions, in our opinion most probably due to initial drying of the uppermost soil and synthesis of ABA in the shallow roots. The results support the hypothesis that information of photosynthesis rate and predawn water potential may be used as primary variables to predict canopy conductance of Mediterranean sclerophyll shrub vegetation.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Desiccation tolerance ; Desiccation-related proteins ; Exormotheca ; Marchantiales
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA) induces formation of a set of proteins in the xerophilic liverwortExormotheca holstii. Some of them have immunological properties similar to the dehydrins of desiccated corn embryos and the desiccation-related proteins ofCraterostigma plantagineum. The fluctuations of endogenous ABA during cycles of desiccation and rehydration seem to be sufficiently high to indicate a role for ABA as a stress hormone and there by as an endogenous inductor of stress-related protein synthesis. Desiccation tolerance disappears when thalli are cultivated for a longer period under well-watered conditions; such thalli are not able to increase stress-dependent ABA biosynthesis sufficiently, or to form the desiccation-related proteins unless they are treated with external ABA. The rehydrated thalli cannot recover from a rapid water loss, while ABA-treated, non-hardened thalli regain their photosynthetic activity within two hours.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Drought tolerance ; Protein synthesis ; Riccia ; Vacuole
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The conversion of the submerged form ofRiccia fluitans to the landform either by transfer to a moist solid surface or by treatment with abscisic acid (ABA), is accompanied by the formation of a set of new polypeptides and concomitant down-regulation of other polypeptides. Changes in gene expression were analyzed by twodimensional separations of proteins and differential screening of a cDNA library. One of the landform-specific proteins might depend on the expression of the newly discoveredRic 1 gene. The deduced amino acid sequence of the isolatedRic 1 cDNA clone codes for a protein with a molecular mass of 30.1 kDa. This polypeptide possesses two amino acid sequences which are repeated five times each and it is largely hydrophilic with the exception of a hydrophobic carboxyl-terminal region. Under ABA treatment the expression of theRic 1 mRNA had already reached its maximum after 1 h of incubation. Transferring submerged thalli onto an agar surface resulted in a slower induction. TheRic 1 gene product shows homology to an embryo-specific polypeptide of carrot seeds and to the group 3 of late-embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) proteins. Interestingly, ABA treatment improved the desiccation tolerance of the submerged thalli. Additionally, ABA stimulated the synthesis of a protein which is immunologically related to a tonoplast protein. This finding, together with the fact that the ABA-induced landform exhibits an increased activity of several vacuolar enzymes, may indicate a special role of the tonoplast and the vacuole during ABA-induced conversion of the thallus from the submerged to the terrestrial form.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 134 (1977), S. 295-299 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Apical dominance ; Auxin ; Gibberellin ; Hormone transport ; Phaseolus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA) in lanolin, applied to the internode of decapitated runner bean plants enhances the outgrowth of lateral buds. The optimum concentration of the paste is 10-5 M. The effect of ABA is counteracted by indoleacetic acid (IAA) but not by gibberellic acid (GA3). There is no effect when ABA is applied to the apical bud or lateral buds of intact plants. However, 13.2 ng given to the lateral buds of decapitated plants stimulate their growth, whereas higher concentrations are inhibitory. Consequently, ABA enhances growth of lateral buds directly, but only when apical dominance is already weakened. The growth of the decapitated 2nd internode was not affected by ABA. Radioactivity from [2-14C] ABA, applied to nonelongating 2nd internode stumps of decapitated runner bean plants moves to the lateral buds, whereas [1-14C]IAA-and [3H]GA1-translocation is much weaker. ABA transport is inhibited if IAA or [3H]GA1 is applied simultaneously. In elongating internodes [14C]ABA is almost completely immobile. [14C]IAA-and [3H]GA1-translocation is not affected by ABA. The amount of radioactivity from labelled ABA, translocated to the lateral buds, is highest during the early stages of bud outgrowth.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Auxin ; Glucose-transport ; Glycine-transport ; Lemna ; Membrane potential ; Respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The membrane potential of Lemna gibba G1 was measured with a microelectrode; glucose and glycine uptake were measured with 14C-labeled substances. The membrane potential was increased by 85 mV on the average, after the plants had been pretreated with 10 μM abscisic acid (ABA) for more than 30 min. This effect is not linked to the endogenous level of soluble sugars. The concentration of these soluble sugars was increased to more than 200% by pretreatment of the plants with ABA, however, the respiration of the plants was not affected. ABA stimulated uptake of glucose and glycine. Glucose- and glycine-dependent depolarization and repolarization of the membrane was altered: depolarization was less and repolarization was slower; during uptake of glycine, the first typical phase of repolarization was suppressed. The data suggest that ABA interferes with the primary steps of substrate uptake.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 463-467 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 1,3-dithiole-4-carboxamides ; resonance effect ; short intramolecular S...O contact ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The two closely related compoundsN,N-dimethyl 5-(methylthio)-2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4-carboxamide1 andN-(p-methoxy-phenyl)-N-methyl 5-(methylthio)-2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4-carboxamide2 have been characterized by X-ray crystal structure determination. Crystal data for1: triclinic, $$P\bar 1$$ ,a=6.767(1),b=12.594(2),c=6.648(1) Å, α=101.38(1), β=93.37(2), γ=79.62(1)°,V=546.2 Å3,Z=2. Crystal data for2: monoclinic, Cc,a=19.836(4),b=6.057(1),c=15.860(3) Å, β=127.61(3)°,V=1509.5Å3,Z=4. The molecular structures of1 and2 show remarkable differences concerning the conformational behavior. These differences are related to the nature of the substituents at the nitrogen atom. The presence of an aromatic system in2 leads to an almost planar arrangement of the α-oxoketene dithioacetal moiety. This effect is accompanied by a short intramolecular S...O contact of 2.648(2) Å. In the absence of an aromatic system, as is the case for compound1, neither a resonance effect along the α-oxoketene dithioacetal fragment nor a short S...O distance is observed.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Lanthanoid(III) carboxylate complexes ; synthesis ; crystal structure ; IR spectra ; thermal decomposition ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Properties of Lanthanoid(III) Complexes with 7-Oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic AcidThe synthesis of coordination compounds [ML(HL)(H2O)] with M = La3+, Ce3+, Pr3+, Nd3+ and H2L = 7-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-exo,3-cis-dicarboxylic acid (1) has been described. Results of IR spectroscopy and thermal decomposition are given. As a result of X-ray analyses, the four investigated lanthanoid(III) complexes are isotypic. Their stereochemistry approximates to the tri-capped trigonal prism with nine O atoms coordinating the metal atom. The bicyclic ligand acts as a tridentate chelating monoanion HL- as well as a pentadentate dianion L2- with both chelating and bridging function. One coordination place at the metal atom is occupied by a water molecule.
    Notes: Die Synthese der Koordinationsverbindungen [ML(HL)(H2O)] mit M = La3+, Ce3+, Pr3+ und Nd3+ und H2L = 7-Oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-exo,3-cis-dicarbonsäure (1) wird beschrieben. Ergebnisse der IR-Spektroskopie und thermoanalytischer Untersuchungen werden mitgeteilt. Nach den Ergebnissen von Röntgenkristallstrukturanalysen sind die vier untersuchten Lanthanoid(III)-Komplexe isotyp. In ihnen ist das Metallatom in dreifach überkappter trigonal-prismatischer Koordination von neun O-Atomen als nächsten Nachbarn umgeben. Dabei tritt der bicyclische Ligand einmal als dreizähniges Monoanion HL- und zum anderen als fünfzähniges Dianion L2- mit Brückenfunktion auf. Die neunte Koordinationsstelle wird von einem Wassermolekül besetzt.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 859-864 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: 2,2-Bis(diisopropoxyphosphonyl)propyl methyltin dibromide ; synthesis ; crystal structure ; n.m.r. data ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Molecular Structure of 2,2-Bis(diisopropoxyphosphonyl)propyl Methyltin DibromideBy methylation of Me3SnCH2CH[P(O)(OPr-i)2]2 with NaH/MeI Me3SnCH2C(Me)[P(O)(OPr-i)2]2 (1) is obtained, which is converted by bromine into the dibromide MeBr2SnCH2C(Me)[P(O)(OPr-i)2]2 (2). An X-ray crystal structure analysis shows 2 to be monomeric. The tin atom is situated in the centre of a distorted octahedron, in which the functional substituent is intramolecular coordinated as tridentate ligand in a facial mode. The two organo groups are arranged in trans-position (C—Sn—C 155.1°), whereas the oxygen and bromine atoms are orientated cis to each other. The six-membered ring of the bicyclic molecular fragment of 2 which results from the coordination of the functional organo group to the tin atom shows a boat-conformation, whereas the two five-membered rings exist in twist-conformations. Multinuclear n.m.r. and i.r. data show that 2 retains its solid state structure also in nonpolar solvents.
    Notes: Durch Methylierung von Me3SnCH2CH[P(O)(OPr-i)2]2 mittels NaH/MeI erhält man Me3SnCH2C(Me)[P(O)(OPr-i)2]2 (1), das mit Brom in das Dibromid MeBr2SnCH2C(Me)[P(O)(OPr-i)2]2 (2) überführt wird. Nach der Röntgenkristallstrukturanalyse ist 2 im Festkörper monomer. Das Zinnatom befindet sich im Zentrum eines verzerrten Oktaeders, in dem der funktionelle Substituent intramolekular als tridentater Ligand in facialer Anordnung koordiniert ist. Die beiden Organoreste sind trans-ständig angeordnet (C—Sn—C 155,1°), während sich die Sauerstoff- und Bromatome in cis-Anordnung zueinander befinden. Der Sechsring des aus der Koordination des funktionellen Organorestes am Zinnatom resultierenden bicyclischen Molekülfragmentes von 2 weist Wannenkonformation auf, während die beiden Fünfringe in Twist-Konformationen vorliegen. Multikern-NMR- und IR-Daten belegen, daß 2 seine Festkörperstruktur auch in unpolaren Lösungsmitteln beibehält.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 574-580 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Manganese ; cobalt ; nickel ; copper carboxylate complexes ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Complex Formation of 5,6-Dihalogeno-7-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic Acid with 3d Transition ElementsCarboxylate complexes of bivalent manganese, cobalt, nickel and copper with 5,6-dichloro- and 5,6-dibromo-7-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (3 and 4) have been prepared. For cobalt and nickel two types of complexes are formed: [ML3/4(H2O)3] · H2O and [ML3/4(H2O)2], the latter is thermodynamically more stable. Manganese and copper form only complexes [MnL3/4] and [CuL3/4(H2O)2], respectively. The stereochemical configuration of the compounds have been deduced from their spectroscopic and magnetic properties. The metal atoms have been found to be in an octahedral environment. The stability constants of the complexes have been determined by potentiometric measurements. The thermal decomposition of the complexes has been studied by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The complexes of 3 are thermally more stable than the corresponding ones of 4.The X-ray structure analysis of [CoL3(H2O)3] · H2O shows a monomeric structure of the complex within the crystal and an octahedral coordination of the metal ion. The dicarboxylate anion acts as a tridentate ligand, the other octahedral sites are occupied by three water molecules. The chlorine atoms are not involved in the network of hydrogen bonds within the crystal packing.
    Notes: Es wurden Carboxylatkomplexe des zweiwertigen Mangans, Cobalts, Nickels und Kupfers mit der 5,6-Dichlor- und 5,6-Dibrom-7-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2,3-dicarbonsäure (3 und 4) dargestellt. Dabei bilden sowohl Cobalt als auch Nickel zwei verschiedene Komplextypen [ML3/4(H2O)3] · H2O und [ML3/4(H2O)2] aus, wobei der letztere thermodynamisch stabiler ist. Für Mangan und Kupfer konnten dagegen nur Koordinationsverbindungen der Form [MnL3/4] bzw. [CuL3/4(H2O)2] erhalten werden. Die Ergebnisse spektroskopischer und magnetischer Messungen ließen in allen Fällen auf oktaedrische Koordinationsgeometrie schließen. Die Stabilitätskonstanten der Komplexe wurden durch potentiometrische Titration bestimmt. Die thermische Zersetzung der Verbindungen wurde mit TG-, DTG- und DTA-Methoden untersucht. Dabei erwiesen sich die Koordinationsverbindungen von 3 als thermisch stabiler als die entsprechenden von 4.Die Röntgenkristallstrukturanalyse von [CoL3(H2O)3] · H2O zeigt, daß der Komplex monomer im Kristall vorliegt und das Metallatom oktaedrisch koordiniert ist. Das Dicarboxylat-Anion fungiert als dreizähniger Chelatligand, die restlichen Oktaederplätze am Co-Atom werden von Wassermolekülen besetzt. Die Chloratome sind nicht am Wasserstoffbrückennetz im Kristallgitter beteiligt.
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