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  • branching pattern  (3)
  • Yeast  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words MSS51 ; Mitochondrial translation ; Yeast ; Cytochrome c oxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that lack a functional MSS51 gene are respiratory deficient due to the absence of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1p). It has been previously suggested, but not formally proven, that Mss51p is required for translational activation of COX1 mRNA, rather than being involved in a subsequent step in the synthesis of Cox1p or its assembly into cytochrome c oxidase. Pulse-chase labelling experiments now show that the absence of detectable levels of Cox1p in mss51-null strains is indeed due to the lack of synthesis of Cox1p, and is not caused by reduced stability of the protein. To gain more insight into the exact function of Mss51p, we determined the subcellular localization of the protein. We were able to show that an epitope-tagged version of Mss51p (Mss51HA) complements the mutation and can be localized in mitochondria, where it is firmly associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane. In addition, we characterized the previously identified mutant allele mss51-3. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of a short open reading frame upstream of MSS51 resulting from the creation of an extra ATG startcodon.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words Mitochondrial translation ; RNA binding ; Isocitrate dehydrogenase ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Krebs cycle NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenase (Idh) binds to the 5-UTRs of all mitochondrial mRNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We hypothesize that this leader-binding activity plays a role in translational regulation, thereby linking mitochondrial biogenesis to the need for respiratory function. Analysis of effects of leader binding on mitochondrial translation is complicated by the involvement of the enzyme in mitochondrial metabolism. We have therefore searched for an Idh altered in RNA binding, but retaining full enzyme activity. Idh from Kluyveromyces lactis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe was partially purified and examined for the ability to bind Cox2 mRNA. Sch. pombe Idh, like the S. cerevisiae enzyme, has high affinity for both its own, K. lactis and S. cerevisiaeCOX2 leaders. In contrast, Idh purified from K. lactis shows only low affinity for all mRNAs tested. To determine what distinguishes K. lactis Idh from S. cerevisiae Idh, genes encoding the two subunits of Idh in K. lactis were cloned and sequenced. Sequence comparison revealed high levels of similarity throughout the proteins, in particular in regions involved in enzyme activity, co-factor and regulator binding. Non-conserved residues between the subunits from the two yeasts are candidates for involvement in the interaction with RNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 197 (1997), S. 9-18 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: branching pattern ; recursive model ; root architecture ; three-dimensional structure ; visualization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In his Notebooks Leonardo da Vinci describes his diameter squared rule for the branching of above-ground tree parts. We now apply this branching-rule to the study of root-branching. Repeated application of this rule in a recursive computer program (ArtRoot) produces the diameters of the branches. An algorithm in this recursive program calculates the orientation of the branches in a three-dimensional space. From these data three-dimensional root-like structures are visualized by a computer program (PLUTON) designed to draw three-dimensional molecular structures. The visualization shows that starting from a relatively simple, symmetrical structure of dichotomous branching, more complex, asymmetrical root-like structures arise even if only a few parameter values are changed. The introduction of randomness into parameter values produces structures that differ considerably in their architecture. An extra force has been added in order to influence the orientation of new branches in space and to increase the flexibility of the structure formation.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 164 (1994), S. 107-117 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: branching pattern ; dichotomy ; fractal characteristics ; herringbone ; methods of root research ; root diameter ; specific root length
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In a fractal branching pattern the same rules govern branching at each subsequent level. The initial size (diameter) and the essential branching rules thus contain the information required to construct the whole pattern. If root branching patterns have fractal characteristics, measurement of the proximal root diameter at the stem base and the branching rules as observed anywhere in the root system, would be enough to predict total root length, root diameter distribution and root length per unit dry weight (specific root length). A ‘pipe stem’ model is used to derive algebraic relations between total root size and proximal root diameter for two classes of branching patterns, determinate and proportionate. To predict total root length from the proximal root diameter, at least information is needed on the minimum root diameter, the average length of internal and external links (segments) and the proportionality factor between total cross sectional areas before and after branching. For the length of the longest root or the specific root length further information on the branching rules is needed, as it is highest for determinate and proportionate branching rules, respectively.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 164 (1994), S. 119-127 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: branching pattern ; root architecture ; root diameter ; root strategy ; specific root length
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract If root systems have scale-independent branching rules, the total number of links in the root system can be predicted from the ratio of the largest and smallest root diameter. In Paper I we presented an algebraic model for a dicho-syntomous pattern (the simplest form of proportionate branching forming two equal branches at each node) and a herringbone branching model (the simplest form of determinate branching rules). Here, we present a recursive computer model and its results to analyze intermediate patterns, derived from allotomous proportionate branching (with unequal branches). The numerical and algebraic model gave the same results when applied to the same situation and parameter values. For practical applications of the relations found, a test is required on whether or not the underlying assumptions are met. To illustrate such a test, measurements of the branching pattern were made on Mondriaan's Red Tree painting. For patterns such as this tree a slight dependency of the proportionality factor on root diameter and random variability of several parameters may have to be included.
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