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  • barley  (10)
  • Springer  (10)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning of two isoinhibitor forms of chymotrypsin inhibitor 1 (CI-1) from barley endosperm and their expression in normal and mutant barleys (1988)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 10 (1988), S. 521-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: barley ; chymotrypsin inhibitor ; gene expression ; endosperm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Full-length cDNA clones for barley chymotrypsin inhibitor 1 (CI-1) have been isolated from an endosperm-specific cDNA library. Hybridization and nucleotide sequence analyses indicate that these cDNAs represent two distinct types of CI-1 mRNA which we have called CI-1A and CI-1B. Both mRNAs encode polypeptides of 83 residues (M r=8790 and 8960) which differ at eleven positions. The full-length cDNA sequences do not predict N-terminal signal peptide extensions indicating that CI-1 is synthesized in the mature form in contrast to the homologous proteinase inhibitors of tomato and potato. Northern hybridization experiments show that the CI-1 genes are under strict developmental and organ-specific control. CI-1 transcripts were first detected in the developing barley endosperm between 12 and 14 days after anthesis but no CI-1-related sequences were detected in the RNA preparations from shoots, leaves or roots. The expression of CI-1 was also studied in the high-lysine barley mutants Hiproly, Risø 56 and Risø 1508. Approximately 15-fold (Hiproly) and 4-fold (Risø 56 and 1508) higher levels of CI-1 mRNA were detected in the mutant endosperms compared to normal barley. These results correlate well with the increased deposition of CI-1 in the high-lysine lines and show that the differential expression is controlled mainly at the level of transcription or stability of the mRNA. Using Southern-blots of barley DNA we estimate that there are three copies of CI-1 per haploid genome in both normal and mutant barley lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033607
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Barley telomeres are associated with two different types of satellite DNA sequences (1995)
    Springer
    Chromosome research 3 (1995), S. 315-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Keywords: barley ; fluorescencein situ hybridization ; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ; tandemly repeated satellites ; telomeres
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genomic organization of two different types of satellite DNA sequences was analysed by means of fluorescencein situ hybridization (FISH) and pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in barley. Satellite HvT01 was detected at all chromosome ends except the long arms of chromosomes 2 and 7. The unrelated satellite pAS1 was found at all chromosome ends except the long arm of chromosome 7 and at two interstitial sites, both located on the long arm of chromosome 4 on the standard karyotype. Southern andin situ hybridizations further indicate that pAS1 also occurs interspersed in the barley genome. For most chromosome ends, the linear order of HvT01 and pAS1 could not be determined byin situ hybridization except at the short arms of chromosomes 2 and 6, where HvT01 is more distal than pAS1. This is confirmed by PFGE analysis, HvT01 being frequently associated with the telomeric repeat but not pAS1. Furthermore, we found that HvT01 occurred in clusters up to 1000 kb in size, whereas the pAS1 cluster had a maximum size of 500 kb. Sequence comparison revealed that both satellites are completely unrelated and differ considerably in their G + C contents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713070
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient gene expression in aleurone protoplasts isolated from developing caryopses of barley and wheat (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 13 (1989), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: aleurone ; barley ; protoplasts ; transient expression ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Methods have been developed for the isolation of aleurone protoplasts from developing caryopses of Hordeum vulgare and Triticum aestivum in order to study transient expression of introduced genes. Chimaeric gene constructs were introduced into aleurone protoplasts by polyethylene glycol (PEG). Transient expression directed by the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) of the reporter gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) was detected in aleurone protoplasts from developing barley and wheat grains. Using a similar construct, CAT activity increased when the alcohol dehydrogenase intron 1 fragment from maize was ligated between the 35S promoter and the CAT coding region. The demonstration of transient expression in protoplasts from developing aleurone layers indicates that they may be useful for investigating tissue and developmental control of genes coding for cereal seed proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027332
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The 5′ flanking region of a barley B hordein gene controls tissue and developmental specific CAT expression in tobacco plants (1988)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 10 (1988), S. 359-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: barley ; tissue-specific gene expression ; endosperm ; hordeins ; tobacco
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The 549 base pairs of the 5′ flanking region of a barley seed storage protein (B1 hordein) gene were linked to the reporter gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT). The chimaeric gene was transferred into tobacco plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. CAT enzyme activity was detected in the seeds, but not in the leaves, of the transgenic plants. Furthermore, enzyme activity was found only in the endosperm, and only from fifteen days after pollination. In contrast, the constitutive 19S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) directed the expression of the CAT gene in the leaves as well as in both the endosperm and embryo and at all stages in seed development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029886
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene family of barley (1988)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 11 (1988), S. 147-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: alcohol dehydrogenase ; barley ; DNA sequences ; gene duplication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract One partial and two complete genomic clones of the three loci specifying alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in barley were isolated by screening libraries with a maize Adh1 cDNA probe. Each gene is characterised by an intron arrangement similar to that of both maize Adh1 and Adh2, although two genes show an exon fusion. A comparison with the maize coding sequences unambiguously assorts the barley loci into an Adh1-like gene and two Adh2-like genes, indicating that an ancient gene duplication underlies the widespread occurrence of two Adh loci in higher plants. In the barley lineage there has been a further duplication-transposition of a progenitor “Adh2” locus to give rise to the extant three-gene system, with gene copies of different ancestry being closely linked. An Adh1 null-allele, Adh1-M9, has been cloned; the available sequence includes an intron with a missing acceptor splice signal. Two independent clones of one of the barley Adh2-like genes have an 18 bp in-frame deletion towards the 3′ end of the coding sequence. The barley Adh2-like genes are extensively diverged in their 5′ sequences apart from a conserved 15 bp motif in the mRNA leader region and sequences at the start of transcription. A sequence related to the hexanucleotide core of a regulatory element found in maize Adh1 and in other anaerobically induced plant genes is present in the 5′ region of barley Adh2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015667
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning of a novel barley seed protein gene that is repressed by abscisic acid (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 18 (1992), S. 1195-1198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: abscisic acid ; barley ; endosperm ; seed protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00047726
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editing of the chloroplast ndhB encoded transcript shows divergence between closely related members of the grass family (Poaceae) (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 29 (1995), S. 679-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: barley ; chloroplast ; ndhB gene ; phylogeny ; RNA editing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ndhB-encoded transcript from barley chloroplasts deviates from the genomic ndhB sequence by nine C-to-U transitions, which is the maximum number of editing events for a chloroplast mRNA reported so far. Comparison with ndhB transcripts from other chloroplast species shows that six of the nine editing sites observed in barley are structurally and functionally conserved in maize, rice and tobacco. The remaining three sites, however, show divergent patterns of conservation even within the three members of the grass family. The conservation of two of these sites in tobacco but not in the closely related graminean species suggests that divergence of the ndhB editing sites is caused by the loss of preexisting editing sites rather than by gain of new sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041158
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aluminium/silicon interactions in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 173 (1995), S. 89-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium ; barley ; higher plant ; silicon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The response of seedlings of the monocot Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Bronze to 0,25 and 50 μM aluminium in factorial combination with 0, 1.4, 2.0 and 2.8 mM Si was tested in hydroponic culture at pH 4.5. Nutrient solution (500 μM calcium nitrate) and Al/Si treatments were designed to avoid the precipitation of Al from solution. Silicon treatments gave significant amelioration of the toxic effects of Al on root and shoot growth and restored calcium levels in roots and shoots at harvest to levels approaching those of control plants. Aluminium uptake by roots was also significantly diminished in the presence of Si. Silicon alone gave a slight stimulation of growth, insufficient to explain its ameliorative effect on Al toxicity. The mechanism of the Si effect on Al toxicity in monocotyledons awaits further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00155521
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Medium optimization for efficient somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from immature inflorescences and immature scutella of elite cultivars of wheat, barley and tritordeum (1999)
    Springer
    Euphytica 108 (1999), S. 161-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: barley ; embryogenesis ; medium ; regeneration ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Media have been developed for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from immature inflorescences and immature scutella of elite cultivars of wheat, barley and tritordeum. For wheat and tritordeum inflorescences, regeneration from embryogenic calluses induced on medium with picloram was almost twice as efficient as regeneration from cultures induced on 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The addition of zeatin at 5 or 10 mg l−1 to regeneration media had a positive effect on regeneration. For scutella, the highest frequencies of embryogenesis (85%) and regeneration (50%) was obtained using an induction medium containing 2 mg l−1 of 2,4-D and half concentration of aminoacids. The morphogenetic capacities of 19 different cultivars of wheat, barley and tritordeum were compared, and clear differences were found both between explants and genotypes. In wheat, embryogenic capacity from inflorescences (average of 92%) was higher than from immature scutella (average of 62%). However, shoot regeneration from scutella was clearly higher than from inflorescences (averages of 63%, and 18% respectively). Frequencies of regeneration in wheat and barley varied widely among the cultivars tested and in both species no difference was found between spring and winter varieties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003676830857
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Opportunities for manipulating the seed protein composition of wheat and barley in order to improve quality (1994)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 3 (1994), S. 3-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: Wheat ; barley ; gluten proteins ; chymotrypsin inhibitors ; nutritional quality ; breadmaking quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Wheat and barley are the major temperate cereals, being used for food, feed and industrial raw material. However, in all cases the quality may be limited by the amount, composition and properties of the grain storage proteins. We describe how a combination of biochemical and molecular studies has led to an understanding of the molecular basis for breadmaking quality in wheat and feed quality in barley, and also provided genes encoding key proteins that determine quality. The control of expression of these genes has been studied in transgenic tobacco plants and by transient expression in cereal protoplasts, providing the basis for the production of transgenic cereals with improved quality characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01976021
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