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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meromixis in an antarctic fjord: a precursor to meromictic lakes on an isostatically rising coastline (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 172 (1989), S. 235-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: antarctic ; fjords ; hypersaline ; lake evolution ; meromixis ; polar lakes ; Vestfold Hills
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Physico-chemical data and isotopic studies (utilising H14CO3, H2 18O, 3H2O) suggest that hypersaline meromixis in Ellis Fjord (Vestfold Hills, Antarctica) was initiated during the middle Holocene period, when hypersaline brine, excluded during the annual formation of sea-ice, gravitated in a density current to the bottom. The application of this contemporary information to the genesis of the meromictic lakes found today in the Vestfold Hills, suggest that their meromixis may have developed prior to isolation from the sea. Comparison of physico-chemical data from the meromictic basins of Ellis Fjord with that of the Vestfold Hills saline lake allows some determination of their evolutionary pathways initiated before, during and after isolation from the sea. Further evolution of each lake can be explained through the individual interaction between climate, the catchment size and basin morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00031625
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The annual cycle of heat content and mechanical stability of hypersaline Deep Lake, Vestfold Hills, Antarctica (1988)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 165 (1988), S. 115-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: heat budget ; stability ; saline lake ; Vestfold Hills ; Antarctica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Deep Lake, a hypersaline lake of about ten times seawater concentration, rarely freezes and is characterized by a monomictic thermal cycle, Winter circulation, at c. −17 °C, lasts for two to three months. In summer, epilimnetic temperatures from 7–11 °C result in large vertical thermal gradients (21–26 °C) which combine with the enhanced rate of density change per degree Celsius, accompanying such high salt concentration, to produce a particularly stable density configuration in Deep Lake (Schmidt stability c. 8000 g-cm cm−2; 0.785 J cm−2). The Birgean annual heat budget (c. 24500 cal cm−2; 102.7 103 J cm−2) is comparable to that of a temperate lake with a similar mean depth, despite the comparatively high ratio of Birgean wind work to annual heat budget (0.37 g-cm cal−1). Deep lake retains c. 50% of the incident solar radiation during the short summer heating period; within the range estimated for ‘first class’ lakes in North America. Extended daylight hours certainly contribute to the high maximum rate of heating in the lake (444 cal cm−2 day−1; 1.86 103 J cm−2 day−1). Deep Lake cools at a rate less than half its average heating rate. Partitioning the total stability into thermal and saline components shows that salinity can contribute up to c. 20% of the maximum summer Schmidt stability. In early summer, the effect of small melt-streams is to increase stability by diluting the epilimnion. In autumn, evaporative water loss can overtake this effect, creating small de-stabilizing salinity gradients. The usually short-term stabilizing influence of snowfall and drift is less predictable, but is probably more common in winter when strong winds are most frequent. Hypersalinity has a profound effect on the physical cycle of Deep Lake, through freezing point depression and the increased rate of density change with temperature. These changes affect the lake's biota, both in relation to osmotic stress, and by effectively exposing them to a more thermally extreme environment. A comparison between Deep Lake and a smaller lake of similar salinity (Lake Hunazoko, Skarvs Nes), demonstrates that it is inappropriate to consider the biological effects of salinity in isolation. The smaller lake offers warmer epilimnetic conditions for at least part of the summer, which may explain the much greater limnetic algal production in Lake Hunazoko.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025579
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  • 3
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    Generation of a large combinatorial library of the immunoglobulin repertoire in phage lambda (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-12-08
    Description: A novel bacteriophage lambda vector system was used to express in Escherichia coli a combinatorial library of Fab fragments of the mouse antibody repertoire. The system allows rapid and easy identification of monoclonal Fab fragments in a form suitable for genetic manipulation. It was possible to generate, in 2 weeks, large numbers of monoclonal Fab fragments against a transition state analog hapten. The methods described may supersede present-day hybridoma technology and facilitate the production of catalytic and other antibodies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huse, W D -- Sastry, L -- Iverson, S A -- Kang, A S -- Alting-Mees, M -- Burton, D R -- Benkovic, S J -- Lerner, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 8;246(4935):1275-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2531466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigen-Antibody Reactions ; Bacteriophage lambda/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular/methods ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Library ; *Genetic Vectors ; Hemocyanin/analogs & derivatives/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/biosynthesis ; Immunoglobulin Fragments/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Organophosphorus Compounds/immunology ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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